-but i'm here to discover how it's the food of ordinary romans that has conquered our hearts. >> but i'm going to warn you, if you're on a low carb diet beware... ...you're going to see a lot of pasta in this show. >> i mean, like, a lot of it. like, a lot. i'm sorry. i've been visiting rome for decades. its beauty and history still leave me breathless but sometimes it's difficult to find a good meal if you don't know where to look. rome is situated in lazio, a region sometimes overlooked in favour of its grander gastronomic neighbours like tuscany and umbria. but lazio has fed rome for centuries and every part of the sheep and pigs raised here is put to use in kitchens across the city to make deeply flavoursome food. to start my journey i'm catching up with my old friend claudia. she's lived here virtually her whole life... >> there you are. >> her cardinal rule for good food is, when in rome, eat as the romans do. >> are you okay? >> i'm good. i'm so happy to see you. >> it was a long time. >> it was a long time. somehow almost 30 years has slipped by since we first became friends when we worked on a movie here together. >> i think that you came first time for a... >> well the very first time was like '95. >> no i think '93 because it was the undercover blues. >> i didn't know i was that old. >> i know, me neither. let's not mention it. [laughter] >> claudia wants to take me for a classic roman pasta lunch but with an hour to kill we decide to get a coffee and reminisce. >> well the san calisto is a real institution. >> that's where we went a long time ago. >> yeah, yeah, we were there every evening, you know. >> back in the '90s we used to hang out in a great café in trastavere, a grimy part of town, very much on the wrong side of the river. >> here we are. >> yeah and here we are. and i was pleased to hear it was still going strong. >> so you remember marcello? >> yes i do, i do. >> look what's there. the picture you gave them in '93. it's exactly in the same place. i think nothing changed in this place. >> no it hasn't changed. a little espresso would be just enough to whet our appetites before we go to lunch... >> ...or so i thought. >> i know, i know. >> what's that? >> that's... >> who's joining us? >> these are maritozzi - roman breakfast with a 2,000-year-old history. >> you cannot resist one of these. >> in the middle ages they were one of the few sweet things the church allowed you to eat during lent... ...it doesn't seem very saintly to me. >> tucci: is it like a brioche? >> yeah, it's like a brioche. >> 'cause it looks like a brioche. >> and it's even healthier compared to this. this is bomba con la crema. it's fried. it's a sort of donut with egg cream . >> but italians don't eat breakfast like americans eat breakfast or the british eat breakfast or the dutch eat breakfast. >> tucci: yeah, 'cause they don't do eggs and bacon and... it's always something sweet. >> yeah. >> nice to see you again . >> as we staggered off our breakfast and headed through trastevere i noticed that the area was much busier and hipper than years ago. >> this was the poor quarters, you see the buildings as nice as they are are very small. >> right. >> and then of course, as it happens you know, the old quarters got very trendy and everybody wanted to live here. >> yeah and they become more gentrified and... yeah, yeah. >> yeah. >> the city may be changing but one thing that's as constant as the ancient landmarks is how much people in rome love their pasta. four star dishes in particular have become an emblem of the city and claudia is taking me to find out more at a place she says is the pantheon of pasta... >> tucci: the restaurant is fully booked... >> but we don't care. [laughs] >> well tell me some more about pasta in rome. >> pasta in rome is like, you eat it every day. i mean you don't live without pasta. >> every day? >> and everybody has its own recipe and of course it's the best ever, you know, and yours is nothing compared to mine. right, it's true. it does become very territorial doesn't it? >> yeah. >> romans revere what they call the four pastas. >> tucci: nice to see you, thank you for having me. simple but iconic dishes of staggering deliciousness. they are creamy cacio e pepe, made with mainly sheep's cheese and pepper the ancient gricia, which has added pork, its luxurious cousin carbonara which is elevated with egg yolks and finally our lunch today, amatriciana - made with tomatoes... ...and this roman favourite, guanciale, fatty pork cheek. >> tucci: the guanciale are a base for a lot of different dishes in rome. >> tucci: we would normally use pancetta but the taste is totally different. >> terrible. terrible. >> no. >> no, no, terrible. >> yes . >> tucci: thank you. >> tucci: thank you so much. >> it's very good. >> tucci: [speaks italian] pasta's delicious. delicious. the sauce is actually quite light, which is nice, and the guanciale are really delicate. >> yeah, yeah it is. no, no. i kept some space in my stomach for this. >> ah. because we didn't eat the... >> my god. >> no. across this city, every single day, romans eat pasta that has ancient bonds to their surrounding countryside. now it's hard to imagine but this iconic food was once at risk of being banned in italy... hey, it's ryan reynolds. as owner of mint mobile, my goal is to spend as little as possible on things like commercials so we can pass more savings to customers. and when i saw what they're charging for holiday-themed stock videos these days, well, you can see what i decided to do. and that means we can afford to offer three months of free service on any plan, including unlimited. so let's all just use our imaginations, 'kay? just imagine me someplace festive no, no, don't make it weird. ♪ ♪it's a most unusual day♪ ♪feel like throwing my worries away♪ ♪as an old native-born californian would say♪ ♪it's a most unusual day♪ ♪it's a most unusual sky♪ ♪not a sign of a cloud passing by♪ ♪if my heart won't behave in the usual way♪ experience the power of sanctuary at the lincoln wish list event. this... is the planning effect. this is how it feels to have a dedicated fidelity advisor looking at your full financial picture. this is what it's like to have a comprehensive wealth plan with tax-smart investing strategies designed to help you keep more of what you earn. and set aside more for things like healthcare, or whatever comes down the road. this is "the planning effect" from fidelity. 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>> it's a joke. >> it's really great. don pasta has promised me the greatest dish of spaghetti carbonara i've ever tasted and on the way he tells me why pasta matters so much to him. >> i realised that italian food is popular food - roots food. italian food is the resistance of the normal people or the working-class people that eat well because the working-class people create the roots of italian food. >> yes. today we may think of a bowl of pasta as the ultimate comfort food but there's a distinctly uncomfortable history of italians fighting oppression through pasta. in the early 1930s, mussolini and his fascists imposed import bans on various foreign goods. this lead to food shortages, malnutrition and a lack of wheat which raised the prospect of italian tables with no pasta. >> [speaks italian] >> in typical style, rather than lifting the import bans mussolini tried to convince italians that eating pasta would make them weak, lazy and even sexually impotent and that a high protein diet would make them more productive and war-like. the campaign was clearly not a success. >> when the fascism arrived a big part of italy is with mussolini... >> yeah. >> ...but 30-40% is against mussolini. >> in fact pasta actually became a powerful symbol of the resistance against his fascist regime. armed with their guns and sheets of pasta many of the partisans who stood up to mussolini lived in these very streets. >> and the great access railyards from which troops and supplies are poured into southern italy are blasted... >> tucci: during world war two, this area bore the brunt of allied bombings that aimed to disrupt the nearby rail hub. tragically, over a thousand people were killed. this is in essence like a monument. >> yeah, you can see the effect of the war. >> yeah. >> people died, the families died and all this area is bombed. >> this particular square was home to a hugely popular local trattoria before the war. the owner's wife and all but one of their children died when their building was hit during the bombing. after the war the local community raised funds for the surviving father and son to reopen the restaurant again. the boy started work here aged just eight and amazingly he's still here today. >> the story of roman food, aldo pomudollo. >> tucci: aldo... beautiful. aldo now runs the restaurant alongside his daughter rossana. people come from across the city, and apparently further afield to enjoy the comfort of aldo's family food. >> so tell me about carbonara. carbonara is a roman dish but we don't know when it was invented right? one story i'd always heard is that carbonara came about when the american soldiers in rome during the war started missing their bacon and eggs from back home and wanted them added to spaghetti. aldo, however, has his own theory . >> it seems some things are destined to remain roman myths what everyone can agree on is that the carbonara here is incredible . you have basically four ingredients - pasta, eggs, the guanciale, and cheese. that's it. but when i try it at home it's never this good. my mother does that too. >> you could just die now. when i taste pasta like this, i understand why it remains so important to this city. rome may be the seat of power and religion but it's overwhelmingly a working class town. this is simple food that has been elevated over centuries by people making the best of what little they had available. they are rightly proud that their humble food has come to define italy to the entire world. airpods both on us. this week only, at t-mobile. what makes salonpas arthritis gel so good for arthritis pain? 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[snowball splat and windshield wiper] the #1 longest-lasting aa battery. ♪ it wasn't me by shaggy ♪ you're never responsible for unauthorized purchases on your discover card. i've headed five miles out of the city centre using the newly extended metro line. romans have a reputation for resisting change and the arrival of the subway in 2014 has shaken up old poor neighbourhoods of the city, nowhere more so than centocelle. i'm meeting massimiliano who's the editor of italy's most prestigious food journal to find out what's going on. gentrification is moving in on this neighbourhood and food is on the front line. >> massimiliano: the neighbourhood was born during the roman empire. >> centocelle is the roman name. >> 100 jails? >> jails, yeah, exactly. there may never have actually been one hundred jails here but what this area does have is three new subway stations all within close proximity. >> massimiliano: these things change up the game, ok? a lot of people came here to try to invest a bit. >> yeah. is this where we're going? >> yeah, it's here. >> let's go in and see what he's got. centocelle has long had a rough reputation. that's changing fast though and one place that's seen by some as ground zero for the transformation of the neighbourhood is a deli. vincenzo opened this place well before the metro arrived. he wanted to rehabilitate the surrounding lazio region's mediocre reputation for food and bring the best of the countryside back for his neighbours to enjoy at fair prices . >> can i taste some? >> ah, s i! [laughs] pecorino cheese is made from sheep's milk and rome is famous for it. historically the animals were raised all around lazio as a cheaper alternative to cattle and crops. vincenzo goes a step further than most sellers and searches in some unlikely places for cheese that also helps his community. what does that mean? >> massimiliano: in a jail. in a jail. >> in a jail. jail. jail. >> in a jail. oh ok. only in italy would an ancient cheese recipe be saved by prisoners. >> right, yeah. >> yeah, that's delicious. mmm. as well as sheep's milk cheese, pork finds its way into almost every dish i've had in rome. historically, pigs were raised all around the city because they need less space than other animals. >> to me vincenzo is doing something amazing. now people come here from around the city to this once overlooked suburb but over the past few years another 50 to 60 food places have opened up nearby . >> romans are renowned for their stubborn resistance to change - i guess it's what's kept this city standing for centuries but massimiliano wants to show me another café in the area, one of many that have opened in recent years. i wasn't fully prepared for what we found . >> it's hard to imagine, but a few months ago this place was a thriving café and bookshop called ''la peccora elettrica' >> the electric sheep. >> on the night of april 25th 2019 alessandra's café was firebombed. she set about rebuilding her business but shockingly, the night before she was due to reopen the attackers struck again. >> three local businesses have now been attacked like this in centocelle including a pizza place and this jazz bar. the police still haven't found who's responsible. because alessandra hosted community events at the café, including anti-fascist talks, suspicion has fallen on the far right. but others here blame local criminals protecting their old turf or even anti-gentrification campaigners. but is this happening in other parts of rome too? when change happens, romans resist but whoever did this has made it dangerous to sell food. it seems brutal to attack restaurants and cafes in this city that is united in its love of eating together. we've been waiting all year to come together. happy holidays from lexus. get $1,500 lease cash toward a 2022 rx 350. when it comes to autism, finding the right words can be tough. finding understanding doesn't have to be. we can create a kinder, more inclusive world for the millions of people on the autism spectrum. go to autismspeaks.org. 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(gasps) ♪ did it work? only pay for what you need ♪ liberty. liberty. liberty. liberty. ♪ spider-man no way home in theaters december 17th tucked in a curve of the river tiber is testaccio, once known as the belly of rome, home to the old slaughterhouses that supplied 19th and 20th century romans with meat. so tell me about this place. >> this is the ex mattatoio, the retired slaughterhouse... >> right. >> and for about a hundred years until the 1970s, it's where most large roman animals were slaughtered basically from lambs all the way up through steer. >> this four square mile site will be redeveloped into a cultural area. but for now, signs of its former life are everywhere. >> katie: you can still see the tracks that the carcasses move on. >> oh yeah, for the carcasses, yeah. katie parla is a renowned food writer who swapped new jersey for rome almost 20 years ago. >> katie: you got the veal pavilion here... >> oh. vitellara. >> skinning happened there. >> right. >> the pellanda. it's an organized place with so many pavilions. >> katie: covering a vast area. >> right. >> and really influencing the types of foods that would be eaten just across the street at the trattorias of the late 19th and early 20th century. >> in butchery the animal is quartered and those cuts went straight to the upper and middle-class kitchens everything that's left over, the blood, brains and intestines, was called the quinto quarto - the fifth quarter - and those were left to the poor. some workers were even paid in offal instead of money, so they had little choice but to make the best of it. one restaurant keeping these historic flavours alive and taking them into the 21st century is santo palato. if you know how to cook offal, you can turn the poorest guts into the richest of dishes... >> katie: we're hungry right? >> starving. >> follow me. >> i haven't eaten in like an hour. ...and katie wants me to meet sara - a young chef with a growing reputation for doing amazing things with innards. >> sara: bonjourno . >> tucci: stanley. >> katie: she's gonna make a frittata for us... >> right. >> and it's topped with chicken innards. >> so everything we focus on here in your restaurant is offal. >> yes. >> yes, good. >> one egg per person. ok. yep. >> yes. ...throughout the day. >> oh yeah. >> have it for breakfast, lunch, dinner. yeah. >> i like it in a sandwich. >> tucci: yes in a sandwich. that's what i used to take when i was a kid to school. >> yeah. i'm very down with that. >> chef sara gave up medical school to pursue her dream of opening a restaurant. >> tucci: woah, yes. >> tucci: so the stomach, the heart, and the liver. >> yes. >> in rome you find frittata and chicken organs but separately. >> but separate. >> and she has kboind them. she has combined them. >> tucci: yeah. >> katie: it's ready. >> tucci: oh wow. >> katie: smell it. wow, rich. >> tucci: oh yeah that's nice. >> don't forget about this bread. >> oh wow, yeah, nice and hot too. >> katie: so good. yeah. >> mmm. that's great. >> thank you. [laughs] >> great. >> this is really special. and i think it's a really good demonstration of what sara does really well which is taking roman classic flavours and combining them.... >> yeah. yeah. >> ...in a way that's new but not like revolutionary or extra contemporary they just make sense in the cuisine today. >> sara gets her scalpel into some beef heart and we take a seat in the dining room. what's that? really, this is a really unusual texture too isn't it? alright so if we break down what the offal are we have heart, liver, lungs, stomach... >> brain. >> brain, sweet breads. ...intestines... >> snout? >> cartilaginous things on the face. >> the whole head really, if you think about it. if pasta is the first pillar of roman food the astonishing use of offal is definitely the second. somehow poor romans turn these unpromising cuts into sheer culinary poetry. >> yeah. >> alright. >> tucci: dude, i >> dude, i love oxtail. >> i'm so into it. >> katie: so tasty. >> that's really good. and this is definitely a more carnivorous city than it is a fish eating city. >> without question, yeah. even though we're 15 miles from the sea. >> i know. that was really really far in... pre-1970s standards before ice and refrigeration became more common. >> tucci: yeah. >> katie: so this is that honeycomb tripe with all those really beautiful pockets. >> yeah. >> katie: lots of nice stomach geometry going on. >> i've never heard it described as stomach geometry. it makes it sound much, much more palatable. that is really good. >> it's boiled multiple times often with vinegar, that tenderises it and cleans it, and then it's cooked in tomato sauce with pecorino and mint. so in rome, this is the only way you find tripe. in fact the dish is called trippa alla romana. >> ...and go to another place, florence included, and the tripe is prepared differently. >> stewed stomach may not sound appealing, i know, but believe me, these are really tasty flavours. the roman poor didn't have much to work with but against the odds they wound up making some of the very best food in the city. what can i say? thanks a lot. thank you so much katie. introducing the all-new gillettelabs with exfoliating bar. it removes unseen dirt and debris before the blades, for a shave as quick and easy as washing your face. ♪ is struggling to manage your type 2 diabetes knocking you out of your zone? lowering your a1c with once-weekly ozempic® can help you get back in it. oh, oh, oh, ozempic®! my zone... lowering my a1c, cv risk, and losing some weight... now, back to the game! ozempic® is proven to lower a1c. most people who took ozempic® reached an a1c under 7 and maintained it. and you may lose weight. adults lost on average up to 12 pounds. in adults also with known heart disease, ozempic® lowers the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, or death. ozempic® helped me get back in my type 2 diabetes zone. ozempic® isn't for people with type 1 diabetes. don't share needles or pens, or reuse needles. don't take ozempic® if you or your family ever had medullary thyroid cancer, or have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, or if allergic to it. stop ozempic® and get medical help right away if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, severe stomach pain, or an allergic reaction. serious side effects may include pancreatitis. tell your provider about vision problems or changes. taking ozempic® with a sulfonylurea or insulin may increase low blood sugar risk. side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may lead to dehydration, which may worsen kidney problems. looking to get back in your type 2 diabetes zone? ask your health care provider today about once-weekly ozempic®. oh, oh, oh, ozempic®! you may pay as little as $25 for a 3-month prescription. [gaming sounds] [gaming sounds] [gaming sounds] just think, he'll be driving for real soon. every new chevy equinox comes standard with chevy safety assist, including automatic emergency braking. find new peace of mind. find new roads. chevrolet. we're here in rome and it's the most wonderful time of the year. no, it's not christmas, it's artichoke season. right now, markets across the city are humming with the sound of people hacking away at rome's favourite vegetable. so show me the artichokes. as i've been finding out, with roman food, you sometimes have to dig a little to get to the good stuff. so this is for the carciofi ro... >> allah romana or allah giudia. >> once trimmed, they can be deep fried to make one of my all-time favourite roman foods. carciofi alla giudia - jewish fried artichokes. you know my grandmother and my mother would make these. ask anyone here and they'll tell you that this weird looking vegetable is a definitive roman food... >> thank you so much. >> bye-bye. >> chao, chao. ...but what i love is that under those rough outer leaves it contains an entire history - a story of how society's outcasts can change the habits of an entire city. these picturesque ruins once contained the misery of rome's jewish ghetto. from the 1500s onwards, the city's entire jewish community was locked in this walled area, only allowed to leave to do menial jobs in the daytime before being locked in at night. >> italia tagliacozzo is in her 80s and has lived here her whole life. >> when the nazis seized rome in october 1943 the ghetto was a sitting target and it's 1,204 residents were sent to the gas chambers. italia was one of just a handful who escaped when her uncle hid her outside the city. >> for the few who survived, food became a vital link back to their past. the jews of rome had lived in poverty for centuries and were forced to rely on the cheapest of ingredients . >> using typical roman inventiveness the jews transformed unloved ingredients like anchovies, eggplants and artichokes into dishes that the entire city would eventually take to its heart. alongside pasta and offal, the influence of jewish cooking is the third pillar of roman cuisine today. italia set up a restaurant serving the best jewish food in the ghetto. >> in this kitchen, italia and her crack team raise the humble artichoke into food for the ages . >> ok, so this is that that was done yesterday - cooked in the oil and then refrigerated. alright so he's spreading out the leaves. so cooked, precooked. >> look how beautiful that is. >> that's the best one i've had. that is delicious. it's so addictive. it's like eating candy. you just can't stop, it's so crispy . >> that people love. yeah. >> this dish tells a story. it has survived the darkest of times and links us to a past that was almost wiped out. to me it's a type of historical monument in italian cooking. it's my last night in rome. it's not magic that makes more holiday deliveries to homes in the us than anyone else, it's the hardworking people of the united states postal service. at fidelity, your dedicated advisor will help you create a comprehensive wealth plan for your full financial picture. with the right balance of risk and reward. so you can enjoy more of...this. this is the planning effect. the best things america makes are the things america makes out here. the history she writes in her clear blue skies. the legends she births on hometown fields. and the future she promises. when we made grand wagoneer, proudly assembled in america, we knew no object would ever rank with the best things in this country. but we believed we could make something worthy of their spirit. it's my last night in rome. during my time here i've learned that, above all else, food in italy is about who you are and where you're from. but where does that leave you if you're an outsider? i've come to bistro 64 - a restaurant that has won a michelin star for serving up some of the best italian food in the city. the surprising thing is that the chef is an out-of-towner... ...and no he's not from naples... ...or even milan... ...he's from japan. >> stanley. >> kotaro. nice to meet you. >> pleasure. nice to meet you too. kotaro noda was lured here 20 years ago by his obsession with the flavours of italian cuisine. >> noda's food has won praise for its creativity but tonight he's making the simplest roman classic. it's one of the famous four pastas - cacio e pepe - literally 'cheese and pepper.' >> there are just three main ingredients but it takes great skill to make this roman favourite perfect. >> of course, another italian kitchen secret . >> could take a while. i know you may be thinking this is ludicrously simple food but believe me, it's extraordinary and don't just take my word for it. where's karen? karen? come here. >> right. >> ok. >> ok. ok. >> this is karen who works with us - one of the producers. she's from rome. so you tell us what you think, karen. >> ok. ok. no pressure. >> no. no pressure, no pressure. he's not nervous at all. >> noda: i'm not nervous. >> tucci: he doesn't care about our opinion. >> noda: va bene? >> it's divine. yes, it's so good. it's perfectly creamy. it's not too intense, it's not overloaded with flavour. >> yeah. >> it's the perfect amount of pepper... >> yeah. and it really respects, you know, how it would be cooked in a family. there's always a secret. >> there's always a secret, when it comes to food, romans know what they like and like what they know. beyond his masterful take on the classics noda's menu is full of incredible innovations - from sweetbreads with heart to purple potato cream with plum gelato. i was curious how the city had taken to his creations . >> the downside of rome being so steeped in history is that sometimes great things are resisted because they're new and not what people are used to. missing food this good is a real shame. i'm sorry. but here's the thing - the one thing romans can't resist is a good meal and i'm hopeful that soon noda's food will be another culinary landmark in this eternal city . so here we are in milan, the fashion and industrial powerhouse of italy. i've only been to milan a few times and always in passing. i've never stayed here long enough to really get a sense of it. the first thing that strikes you about milan is its dynamism. no wonder espresso was invented here. i think i might need a few of these just to keep up with the rhythm of the city, but do the hard-working milanese bring as much to the italian table as they do to the country's economy? i'm stanley tucci. i'm italian on both sides and i'm travelling across italy to discover how the food in each of this country's 20 regions is as unique as the people and their past. that's delicious. here in milan, the menu is nothing like you expect. up here in the north, forget about pasta and pizza. oh my god, that's so beautiful. perfecto. this is the land of rice and polenta. >> polenta in the ancient time, it was like the bread. >> people from south of italy call us 'polentoni'.