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The selection landscape and genetic legacy of ancient Eurasians

The Holocene (beginning around 12,000 years ago) encompassed some of the most significant changes in human evolution, with far-reaching consequences for the dietary, physical and mental health of present-day populations. Using a dataset of more than 1,600 imputed ancient genomes1, we modelled the selection landscape during the transition from hunting and gathering, to farming and pastoralism across West Eurasia. We identify key selection signals related to metabolism, including that selection at the FADS cluster began earlier than previously reported and that selection near the LCT locus predates the emergence of the lactase persistence allele by thousands of years. We also find strong selection in the HLA region, possibly due to increased exposure to pathogens during the Bronze Age. Using ancient individuals to infer local ancestry tracts in over 400,000 samples from the UK Biobank, we identify widespread differences in the distribution of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age an ....

United Kingdom , South Lanarkshire , Turkey General , Khorasane Shemali , Genomes Project Consortium , Regulation Of Inflammatory Signaling In Health , United Kingdom Biobank , Late Bronze , Acids Res , Project Consortium , Bronze Age , Central Asian , Allen Ancient , Chinese Han , Inflammatory Signaling , Simons Genome Diversity Project , Near East ,

100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transitio ....

Vastra Gotalands Lan , United Kingdom , Neretas Novads , Czech Republic , Bronk Ramsey , Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark , Jyske Enkeltgravskultur Gyldendal , Aarhus Universitetsforlag , Dj Vander Linden , Brinch Petersen , Christopher Prescott , Kulturentwicklung Europas , Alexander Bentley , Praehistorische Zeitschrift , Winther Johannsen , Royal Society Of Northern Antiquaries , English Heritage Research Report Series , Genomes Project Consortium , Southern Denmark , Chrono Centre , Jutland Archaeological Society , C Development , Argus Bank , Bronze Age , Upper Palaeolithic , Neolithic European ,

Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations

High-throughput proteomics platforms measuring thousands of proteins in plasma combined with genomic and phenotypic information have the power to bridge the gap between the genome and diseases. Here we performed association studies of Olink Explore 3072 data generated by the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project1 on plasma samples from more than 50,000 UK Biobank participants with phenotypic and genotypic data, stratifying on British or Irish, African and South Asian ancestries. We compared the results with those of a SomaScan v4 study on plasma from 36,000 Icelandic people2, for 1,514 of whom Olink data were also available. We found modest correlation between the two platforms. Although cis protein quantitative trait loci were detected for a similar absolute number of assays on the two platforms (2,101 on Olink versus 2,120 on SomaScan), the proportion of assays with such supporting evidence for assay performance was higher on the Olink platform (72% versus 43%). A considerable number ....

South Korea , Alzheimers Dement , Le Loupp , Uniprot Consortium , Genomes Project Consortium , United Kingdom , Cell Sci , Arthritis Rheum , Acids Res , United Kingdom Biobank , Olink Proteomics , Nucleic Acids , File Specification Technical Note , Methods Primers ,

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 was awarded to Svante Pääbo "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution" ....

South Korea , United States , United Kingdom , Nordrhein Westfalen , City Of , Nean Dertal , University Of California Santa Cruz , Papua New Guinea , Castillay Leóp , Nat Genet , Thomas Lindahl , Mattias Karl , Janet Kelso , Allan Wilson , Edward Rubin , Karolinska Institutet , Matthias Meyer , Walter Schaffner , Gunilla Karlsson , Anna Wedell , Rasmus Nielsen , Los Huesos , Kary Mullis , David Reich , Nick Patterson , University Of California ,

The Human Family Tree, It Turns Out, Is Complicated - Issue 102: Hidden Truths

The Human Family Tree, It Turns Out, Is Complicated - Issue 102: Hidden Truths
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New York , United States , South Africa , Permskiy Kray , Nordrhein Westfalen , Royal Society , Arkhangel Skaya Oblast , Tibetan Plateau , China General , Carl Zimmer , Amy Maxmen , Nesher Ramla , Indian Ocean , Siberian Denisovan , Razib Khan Substack , Zeresenay Alemseged , Razib Khan , Genomes Project Consortium , New York Times , Proceedings Of The Royal Society , New Guinea , Denisova Cave , East Asia , South America , Northeast China , Dragon Man Skull ,