but if we're right, a lot of them will go to jail. [cheers and applause] so let's have trial by combat. [crowd clamoring] ♪ ♪ - when giuliani appeared alongside donald trump on january 6th, what came to my mind was the riot at city hall. [crowd yelling] - [whistling] - they marched around city hall park in a peaceful and orderly fashion, but then, minutes later, thousands of cops stormed through the barricades and ran on top of cars as they charged the stairs of city hall. [crowd cheering and yelling] ♪ ♪ - people called it at the time the riot of the oppressors. [crowd yelling] a riot of policemen. [crowd yelling] - you have a bunch of off-duty cops. [crowd yelling] - took over the roadway of the brooklyn bridge. jumped on cars. stormed city hall. - saying that their jobs had become too difficult and that they didn't have the support that they needed and they wanted a much tougher hand. crowd: dinkins must go! dinkins must go! - these were some angry-looking white men. - now, you've got to see the setting. this is at city hall. city hall is under siege. - and, you know, right in the middle of all of that craziness on september 16, 1992, is candidate rudy giuliani. - the mayor doesn't know why the morale of the new york city police department is so low. he blames it on me. he blames it on you. the reason the morale of the police department of the city of new york is so low is one reason and one reason alone. david dinkins! - they were cheering him on. they were saying, "david dinkins, we don't want him." - some of them were calling out, "[bleep]," for instance. - this is the nypd at city hall using the n-word. that really hurt the mayor. and then he said, "would they have done this if i was a white man?" - there was just a sense of disgust. this man wants to be mayor, and look how he's behaving. - bull[bleep]. - the fact that he signed on and participated in something that clearly had just overt racism attached to it was an indicator of where he was going. - the suggestion that i incited them or i had anything to do with that is totally wrong, is false. - when january 6th happened, anybody who was covering or watching politics in 1992, i'm sure the same light bulb went off for them as it did for me, which is, like, "that's the guy that we remember." ♪ ♪ - my grandfather, he was somebody who lived around new york and new jersey his entire life, watched what happened here closely. and as giuliani came onto the scene and then became mayor, he said very aptly that giuliani was a beloved son of a bitch. lots of people who couldn't stand him came around to a real sense of endearment with him because he got some things done that were important and that substantially changed the city for the better. - he's an extraordinarily complex individual, smart, smart, smart, hard-, hard-, hardworking. - he had a little bit of-- not a little bit. he had a lot of kind of a superman complex, that, you know, he could do anything. - my real ambition was someday to be united states attorney in the southern district of new york, which i finally attained. - the u.s. attorney's office of the southern district is the most prestigious in the country. and rudy giuliani made a major mark in new york city shortly after he arrived in the role. - i was very fortunate to find something that i can do that i have some natural talent for and that engages my interests and that i enjoy. i enjoy working as a lawyer. - there's probably nothing more challenging to a up-and-coming litigator than trying cases. you are constantly on display. you are constantly meeting the arguments of very good defense lawyers. it's a nonstop day-to-day interaction in which you are constantly under assault. and rudy was good at that. i think that's what rudy wanted. he's not afraid of the fire. he's not afraid of the fire today. - we have to do securities fraud because we have two stock markets here in new york. we have to do drug work because we have a big drug problem. and we have to do organized crime work because we have five organized crime families that have decided, since the turn of the century, to locate themselves here in new york and have acquired a tremendous amount of political power, economic power, and all sorts of other kinds of power. - for the tenth time in less than two weeks, a body has been found, killed gangland style in new york. - carmine galante, one of the underworld's most powerful figures, was gunned down. - i think, living now in new york, it's hard to imagine what role the mob played in a lot of aspects of the city. - joe colombo sr. was lying on the ground badly wounded, shot in the head and bleeding profusely. - people feared the mafia. they feared organized crime back then. - the mafia, or we used to call it la cosa nostra, or lcn for short, infiltrated every aspect of life in new york city. - these people probably don't even know it-- price they paid for their clothes more than likely included a tax. - an organized crime hidden tax that is placed on items that evolved from businesses or industries where organized crime has significant influence. - the modern mob was formed around 1930. they moved into a variety of industries by the '50s. - well, you pay dues to the association. and it was, like, a select few in there that were more or less organized. - so i said, "what if i want to call another garbage guy?" and this guy said, "try it." - this was just widely accepted as the way things were and not something to tamper with. - the hierarchy of the cosa nostra-- the boss, the underboss-- were well insulated from most criminal activities. so it was the low-level street guys that were doing the work. they were the ones that took the rap. and you had plenty behind them to take their spot. so law enforcement was handcuffed, in many respects. - new york has five organized crime families. and they have been permitted to grow and grow and grow and grow. - when rudy took over the office and got involved in this case, he was very enthusiastic about it, very engaging, anxious to get the case going. - my great-grandfather, when he was an immigrant in brooklyn and the black hand at that time wanted him to pay protection money to them, when people say there is no mafia and these organizations don't exist, i mean, i know from my history that there is such a thing. and i know what it does and what it can do. - the fbi, sometime several years before rudy became the u.s. attorney, had decided to focus in a big way on the five new york mafia families. they had devoted separate squads to focus on individual families. but rudy had the idea, well, let's make the biggest of all mafia cases, where our targets are the heads of the five families. - the commission case was something that i developed actually shortly before i became united states attorney when i was reading some of the materials and reading joe bonanno's book. it occurred to me that we could do a racketeering case against the commission of the mafia. - joe bonanno, who was the head of the bonanno family years ago who was in retirement, wrote a book called "man of honor." - he had basically written the book to describe his interaction with the mob. i can remember rudy reading us passages from the book about the commission and said, you know, this would be a great case that he would take on personally. - one of the attributes that he had, which i think was very important, was that he tried to see how things could be done rather than finding reasons for not doing them. the really good lawyers are those that spot the issues and then figure out legally how you can accomplish what you want to do. - first, we can expose them. that is a very, very important ingredient in taking some of their power away, not all of their power. because as i said, they operate through secrecy. it is also very important for the public to see what we do. - there was a real sense that rudy was the dominant personality in that office. and he did not brook dissent. he wanted people to agree with him. there was a joke around the office that the people around him were members of the yesrudy tribe because they said, "yes, rudy, yes, rudy." when he said, "jump," they said, "how high?" - so giuliani was taking on the mafia. and he wasn't only being fearless. he was being smart about how he was going to prosecute an organization and people who had been able to evade successful and effective prosecutions for many, many years. - we had ample evidence of what we call the jaguar tapes, in which anthony carollo, who was the head of the lucchese family, he was driven around in his jaguar and used it kind of as an office. - they recorded everything that happened. and it was like a goldmine of information because he just spilled his guts. giuliani was enthused about the carollo tapes 'cause they directly corroborated that the commission existed and that the organized crime families were, in fact, committing whatever illegal acts they were committing. - it is called the commission, the inner council that runs organized crime in this country. - led by the reputed boss of all bosses, paul castellano, head of the gambino family, four of new york's five godfathers appeared in federal court to face a wide range of racketeering charges. - this is a great day for law enforcement, but this is a bad day, probably the worst, for the mafia. - guilty verdicts today in the federal trial of a group of mobsters. - guilty on all 22 counts of racketeering, conspiracy, and extortion. - judge owen gave the kind of sentence that you have to give to habitual criminals who, at bottom, are murderers. he put them in prison hopefully for the rest of their lives. - rudy was very successful in taking out the mafia as we knew it. he was the motivating factor. he masterminded the case to the indictment and conviction stage. - when giuliani won a case against the commission, he clearly set himself apart in the city as someone who could get the job done. - when i came into office, my first big mob case, one of the people involved in it put out a contract to kill me for $400,000. then in the last year that i was in office, one of the same groups put out a contract on my life for only $200,000. [laughter] - you had diminished. - gee, thanks a lot, guys. - one of the things that i find, you know, somewhat tragic about the arc of his career is that a lot of what he said at the time actually made some sense. - crime is a complex problem. that doesn't mean that it's a problem that cannot be dealt with. it means that it's a problem that is going to require a lot more than a few quick fixes or a few slogans to really turn around. - clearly, he was advancing his own cause, burnishing his own fame. but there was always this tension between genuine public service and the purely egomaniacal pursuit of the greater glory of giuliani. for so long, they were aligned, it did result in enhanced reputation for giuliani personally and achievements that people appreciated and admired. it's not just designed to look good... it's built to command attention. it's not just a comfortable interior... it's a quiet refuge. they're not just headlights... they light the way forward. the new fully electric audi q8 e-tron models... ♪ tourists tourists that turn into scientists. tourists photographing thousands of miles of remote coral reefs. that can be analyzed by ai in real time. ♪ so researchers can identify which areas are at risk. and help life underwater flourish. ♪ (vo) in two seconds, eric will realize (man) [laughs] (vo) they're gonna need more space... gotta sell the house. 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(farmers mnemonic) - we've had alarming increases in the levels of homicide, in the levels of muggings and rapes and robberies and burglaries. i believe that same increase has taken place in the white-collar areas as well. - wall street today posted its second-biggest gain in history. - the dow jones average broke the 2,400 mark for the first time ever. - the amex, up 5.22, that's a record too. - it's incredible out there. it really is. - there was just suddenly tremendous money and power and influence on wall street. - hey! - hey! - people were making money hand over fist. - and it was a group of people that weren't all that shy about showing off. - they call themselves yuppies. - brokers and wall street traders. most of them are in their 20s. a lot of them make $80,000, $100,000, $200,000 a year. - we're going for the six-figure. that's all we want. - you were beginning to see the divide between the 1% and kind of everyone else. - we're the generation who you betrayed! that's who we are! that's who we are! you betrayed us! - the resentment for those people who got ahead was really great in the city. - it's become a four-letter word, almost. like, oh, you yup. or look at those yups and their yuplets. and they're just raising prices and glitzing up the neighborhood, and none of us can afford it. even though we've got our rent-control apartments, they're turning everything into condominiums and co-ops. and it's like, what about the rest of us? - you know, there's a reason that the movie "wall street" and gordon gekko is set in the 1980s. - greed, for lack of a better word, is good. - a lot of the stuff was real. people were ostentatiously wealthy, ostentatiously greedy. and the king of that crowd was donald trump. - forget paris, and forget london, and forget everything else. new york city is where it's at. - i don't know how close giuliani and trump were personally in the 1980s. but i do know they occupied similar spaces. - they're outer borough guys. one thing that they have inherited from their fathers is a certain kind of awe and resentment of manhattan and those rich people. - rudy represented the kind of every guy who came from the boroughs and came to new york and made it big. - if you are a person that's looking at a snow globe, if you will, from the outside, even if you end up inside the snow globe, you always feel like an outsider. - giuliani didn't come from the upper-crust establishment. that may have fueled his ambition. did it also contribute to some deep sense of insecurity that he was an outsider, and in that, maybe he does identify with trump. - rudy giuliani is born in east flatbush in brooklyn in the '40s, so not very far in time and not very far in distance from where donald trump was born. - he was the first and only child of harold and helen. they'd had trouble conceiving. and so his arrival was like a gift from heaven. they lived on hawthorne street. it was a blue-collar italian neighborhood. they were a little trinity. on the kitchen wall, there was some kind of decoration with all three of their names. and i think that rudy was the star of the family. a theme that runs through his life is that he's got to be at the center of the action. he's got to be the guy. and i think it started on hawthorne street with mom and dad where he was the star. - i was born and i grew up one mile from ebbets field. - ebbets field, the home of the dodgers, a brooklyn institution. - the signs tell the story of brooklyn's love for its own bums, as they fondly call their team. - my father, however, was born in manhattan. so his revenge was to make me a yankee fan. - rudy is a very complicated person. he grows up in brooklyn, a yankees fan. so he's always a little bit of a contrarian. - in 1950s brooklyn, the dodgers were closer to a borough religion. - and that kind of strong cultural bias, to be a yankee fan in brooklyn, would take either a lot of guts or a lot of stupidity. - i've been a yankee fan since the day i was born. - this is like condemning yourself to complete isolation. - he told stories about growing up in brooklyn, his love for the yankees. - walking around in his mini yankees uniform, took a lot of verbal and physical abuse. - when i was two years old, i was thrown in the mud by the other kids on the block. so i became a very determined yankee fan. it's a sign of independence. - but it gave rudy a lifelong sense of being the outsider, the underdog. - he would do what he wanted when he wanted and force people, whether they liked it or not, to pay attention. - undoubtedly made him, you know, pugnacious to some degree that we've seen throughout the rest of his life. how long have you been tracking the value of our car? 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- the federal government's investigation of insider trading on wall street has widened dramatically. - the arrests and the fraud charges were announced by u.s. attorney rudolph giuliani. - complaints allege of illegal profits of millions and millions of dollars. - wall street isn't used to the sight of its best and brightest in handcuffs. - he used that office very strategically and produced extraordinary wins that made him a hero to many people. - rudy really did redefine the modern image of what a federal prosecutor is today. he raised the visibility of the job of u.s. attorney nationwide. there was a lot of speculation about what rudy was gonna do next when he left. we all knew that he was not going to go into some sleepy law firm practice. - have you made a decision on running for mayor yet? - could we take that up later? - rudy giuliani was looking for the next thing. what's the next thing? mayor of the city of new york. the virus that causes shingles is sleeping... in 99% of people over 50. it's lying dormant, waiting... and could reactivate. shingles strikes as a painful, blistering rash that can last for weeks. and it could wake at any time. think you're not at risk for shingles? 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(farmers mnemonic) ly is back now at lucky! come kick off the season with our shop and score game that'll have you cheering for more! play for a chance at over 25 million in prizes and money saving offers - like this and this, or even this! or try to win $100,000 in guaranteed prize money. shop your favorite brand sporting the monopoly tag for unlimited game tickets and get ready to win at lucky! here's why you should switch fro to duckduckgo on all your device duckduckgo comes with a built in engine like google, but it's pri and doesn't spy on your searches and duckduckgo lets you browse like chrome, but it blocks cooki and creepy ads that follow you a from google and other companies. and there's no catch. it's free. we make money from ads, but they don't follow you around showing the millions of people taking back their privacy by downloading duckduckgo on all your devices today. - in the 1980s, i knew, if he wanted to be mayor, he would get it, because he was that driven. he was that ambitious. he wanted to be a power player. he wanted to have influence. and i think he more or less thought he was running new york when he was head of the southern district. - the lines are drawn, and the battle has begun. former u.s. attorney rudolph giuliani launched his formal campaign today to capture city hall from mayor koch. - rudy announced his candidacy in 1989 in the same room where fiorello la guardia first announced his candidacy. - in 1933, fiorello la guardia stood in this room and asked the people of new york to embrace the candidacy based not on political name tags but on integrity, leadership, and vision. - la guardia, for most of rudy's lifetime, was the prototypical mayor. - in la guardia's case, he was fighting the corruption of tammany hall against great odds with a larger-than-life kind of tabloid personality. - this is no time for sob stuff and whining. now is the time to fight, to fight for the best interests of our city. - let me repeat it one more time: no deals for jobs, no deals for contributors. what you see is what you get. [cheers and applause] - so that was very much a model for rudy, someone who's gonna take on sort of democratic party corruption and excesses and bureaucracy and breathe new life and a spirit of reform into the city. - say hi to rudy giuliani, our next mayor. come on over and say hi to rudy giuliani. - give me a kiss. - i believe him. and i'm all for him. i like the way he's talking. - rudy was an outer borough guy. not too handsome, not too tall, a little crabby, maybe sometimes a little loopy. and what he said, that was good. - darn right, mistakes have been made, sure. i'm a democrat who has-- i'm a la guardia republican. i get a lot of criticism for my haircut. - why do you want to be mayor? - well, this is a great city. it's a city i love. i was born here. i've grown up here, gone to school here. i think the city is in terrible trouble. more murders last year than ever before. the drug problem out of control. - rudy giuliani is presenting himself as the guy who can get things done, who's proven that he can get things done as a prosecutor, as a figure around new york who wants to turn the city around. - i'm gonna be running against the acknowledged past of new york city. and i represent the future of new york city. who can reduce crime better? who can get the drug problem under control better? who's up to dealing with the fiscal crisis? - all the issues the city was facing-- crime, crack, everything else-- we were gonna run against that. - are you happy with the way things are in new york city right now? crowd: no! - you satisfied with the amount of crime in this city? crowd: no! - are you satisfied with the condition of the streets? crowd: no! - this is ed koch, your mayor. you know, the sanitation department cannot sweep the street if you don't move your illegally parked car. - ed koch was the mayor at the time, a three-term incumbent. - say hello to dave dinkins, our next mayor. - and dave dinkins was the manhattan borough president looking to become the first black mayor of new york city. - good luck. - thank you. - david dinkins wasn't really known to have an outgoing personality. - i think that i have the capacity to bring people together. - koch was overbearing with personality. - there are people who think i'm acerbic and sarcastic and too new yorkish. i'm proud to be new yorkish. [crowd cheering] - and political wisdom said that koch would defeat dave dinkins. - mr. giuliani, with all the candidates running for mayor, do you consider ed koch your principal opponent? - sure, absolutely. ed koch is the mayor. he's been elected a number of times. he was a congressman before that. he's the toughest opponent, and he's the person to beat. - koch says he is still the man for the job. - when i look at some of these people who are running, i don't think they can hack it. - it was my cases that led to the revelation of ed koch having turned this city over to a bunch of political crooks. - rudy's affect was this working-class, aggrieved, pissed-off white dude. and there's a big demo out there for working-class, aggrieved, pissed-off white dude, qed trump in the last, you know, seven years of our american political hell. 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[coughing] ...from this highly... ...contagious virus. not all dangers come with warning labels. talk to your pharmacist or doctor... ...about getting vaccinated against rsv today. it's because of tiktok that i had to go out and get a website. i'm at a point now where i've outgrown my house. growing up, every time i'd get out of the shower, i would itch. my first experience with goat milk soap, it kinda was like a light bulb moment. tiktok is a fantastic platform for diy. if you'd have told me three years ago that i would own my own business and be expanding into a separate building, i would've told you you'd lost your mind. - in '89, ed koch had been mayor for going on 12 years. the city was dealing with high crime. and there was a blame game of hostility. it's their fault. it's their fault. [crowd yelling] - it was, i believe, the most racially polarized year in the history of the city. - in most big cities with a large black and latino population and a substantial white population, there's racial tension. crowd: no justice, no peace! no justice, no peace! - and it was happening in new york. the tension was very, very high. and you could feel it. i mean, you could cut it like cutting butter. - you had the rape in central park and the false arrest of black teenagers. - in new york city this morning, a jogger is fighting for her life after a brutal attack in central park. - five suspects were arrested outside the park on west 102nd street for these assaults. - the police bring in five kids who are basically coerced into confessions. they were not responsible. someone else stepped forward and confessed. but at the time, it was jumped on by vast majority of new yorkers that this was an example of super predators. - i personally hope they really nail those guys. - there's a tremendous lack of respect, especially for authority figures. and they really do whatever they want. - the central park five case was as racial as race gets. the narrative was simple: out-of-control black crime. - billionaire developer donald trump has entered the fray with full-page ads in new york's major newspapers. - donald trump bought ads in newspapers calling for the death penalty on these five young men. - i don't know what crime and fighting crime has to do with racism. i'm very much in favor of the death penalty. - and you had a mayor that played between the divisions. - grandmothers say, "but he's a good boy. he never did anything." don't you believe it. - a big part of giuliani's plan was peeling off 30% of the black vote, because a lot of black new yorkers loathed ed koch. - oh, mayor koch, he's told so many lies. - mayor for the rich, not for the poor. - in terms of administration, in terms of business, i think he's been terrific. but in race relations, he's been very, very, very sad. - justice! justice! justice for yusef! - and then there was the murder of this black kid, yusef hawkins. - young man gets off a train in the bensonhurst section of brooklyn. he was going with some friends that wanted to look at a used car. and a crowd gets around them and say, "we don't allow the ns around here." and they surround him, and they kill him. a clear racial murder. - and ed koch immediately says, "wait a minute. don't prejudge." prejudge? they said, "well, we don't know if it was race. maybe it was a guy mad about his girlfriend." so i say, "okay, you don't know if it's race? we are going to come out here and march," 'cause i wanted to make it clear to the nation, this was about race. - over the weekend, civil rights leaders marched through bensonhurst, the all-white neighborhood where hawkins was killed. they wanted to show they could go anywhere. but they met pure hatred along the route. - go home! - [bleep]! - tell them to go home, back to east new york where they came from. crowd: yusef! yusef! yusef! yusef! [crowd yelling] - there might have been 1,000 people on both sides of the street: "ns, go home. ns, go home." crowd: yusef! - [bleep]! that's right! that's right! that's right! that's right, baby! - we were walking, and they were following us, a group with signs with, you know, a monkey, a watermelon. the n-word was used. and when we got to the flatbed truck, well, i said to dave, i said, "dave, this is getting pretty volatile here." he said, "don't worry. i got this." he said to me, "i got this." we went on a flatbed truck, and the first words out of his mouth-- he pointed to them. he said, "i'm gonna be your mayor too." - as soon as yusef hawkins dies, it becomes the lead issue in the race for mayor. - today the healing has begun, and new york is coming together. - it is wrong to refer to bensonhurst as johannesburg or as selma, alabama. it's just not comparable. it's unfair. - what we need are people who are going to bring people together and not try to use this in a subtle or not-so-subtle way to try to gain votes. so my advice to the mayor is, for once in your life, keep your mouth shut, ed. - feeling justified. there's something that we're not teaching them. [cheers and applause] - we went to the funeral, as did ed koch, as did the other mayoral candidates. [crowd booing] - new york's governor and mayor, both white, were booed when they came to pay respects. - there was a great deal of tension in the air. these 1,000 people there waiting for the service to start. - i remember when i gave the eulogy that day for yusef hawkins. the three major candidates were seated in the audience. mayor ed koch, david dinkins, and the republican candidate, rudy giuliani, was there. and i wanted to challenge them not to do a ceremonial symbolic drive-by but to really deal with what would cause people to feel they had the right to kill somebody because of the color of their skin. - i'm scared. i can't walk in the streets no more 'cause i might get shot now. - he's scared, and i am distressed. i am in terror. - i know we had something that it took from us. and it is time to leave us alone. - ed koch snuck out, went down the fire escape 'cause he was afraid of being confronted by the crowd as he left. - yusef hawkins becomes a stain on the administration of ed koch and catapults dave dinkins to win the democratic primary. - in new york city, democratic voters have turned three-term mayor ed koch into a lame duck. instead, they've chosen david dinkins. - you, the people of new york, made history today. - his republican opponent in november will be former u.s. attorney rudolph giuliani. - the entire campaign was predicated on the idea that we'd be running against koch. instead, to our surprise, we're running against a man who's potentially gonna be the first black mayor of new york, an historic event. - we are in heaven now. - we have made history. - rudy had been campaigning in a different direction up until the moment it became clear he was gonna face david dinkins. and then he sort of executed, in some ways, a 180. - racial issues have become a big part of the race for mayor. - a full-page advertisement giuliani took in a jewish weekly was attacked by the american jewish committee as "an ill-disguised appeal to prejudice." - does the ad represent a sleazy appeal by giuliani supporters to the prejudiced fears of some voters? - i think the ad is quite appropriate. it is quite fair. - it's calculated, obviously, to prey upon the fear of the jewish community. - you're gonna be accused of going low ball with this campaign. - [laughs] oh, come on, now. will you pause it real quick? (mumbles) just sold the car to carvana. what? all i had to do was answer a couple questions and got a real offer in seconds. then, they just picked up the car and paid me right on the spot. sell your car at carvana dot com today. [it's the final game, folks. this one wins the series.] struck out with the cheap seats? important things aren't worth compromising. at farmers, we offer both quality insurance and great savings. (crowd cheers) here, take mine. (farmers mnemonic) ♪ tourists tourists that turn into scientists. tourists photographing thousands of miles of remote coral reefs. that can be analyzed by ai in real time. ♪ so researchers can identify which areas are at risk. and help life underwater flourish. ♪ my sport propels me forward. contra costa college saw potential in me that i didn't know i had. focus. determination. drive. contra costa college helped me blaze the trail. now i'm a comet, and there's no stopping me. come on, this is your shot. take it. join the team at contra costa college. start today at contracosta.edu - i love giuliani. no more drugs in new york city. beautiful. no more drugs. no more drugs! - rudy giuliani, who can also read the numbers, starts migrating in the direction of what can help him win, as any good politician would do. the race starts to take on kind of an ugly tone. - new york city, 1989. all this going on. - and all of a sudden, there's a kind of a snarl and a sneer. there's a sense that, like, everything's wrong in the city and we have to get "those people" out of there. - when asked how he'd deal with a deficit, david dinkins said, "it's not clear where we go from here." to rudy giuliani, it's clear. - the last two weeks, he went absolutely as hard as he could after david dinkins. - well, we're in the final stretch in the mayoral race in new york. the mudslinging seems to get worse by the day. - giuliani has tried to make dinkins the issue. dinkins accused giuliani of gutter politics. - david dinkins is not prepared to be mayor of this city. [crowd yelling] - now to politics in the big apple. a final flurry of campaigning there, where polls show dinkins ahead by about 15 points. - there was a big voter turnout. one estimate said 60%. the city's 3.2 million registered voters cast ballots. - the night of the election, i felt that we had a chance. but i kept telling myself, "don't build yourself up "for disappointment. "let yourself accept that we ran the best race we've seen for mayor." and then we won. and it was very close. but we won. [cheers and applause] - new york city tonight has the first black mayor in its history. the race to succeed flamboyant three-term mayor ed koch was the most contested and contentious in 20 years. - this year, voters rejected the calls to fear and spoke with voices of hope. [cheers and applause] - history was made. he's now the mayor for the city of new york. joy in the streets of harlem, bed-stuy. we were getting calls from doctors and nurses and hospitals saying that, you know, the black patients in the hospital were going bananas. [cheers and applause] - you know, politicians try and win races. those races change them. at a minimum, i think, rudy changed from the public figure he had been into somebody who was a little bit meaner, a little bit more divisive. there comes a moment in a lot of campaigns when the losing candidate, especially if he or she wants to have a future in politics, has to give a concession speech. [crowd yelling] the boisterous crowd that he had whipped up, who had probably made a couple of trips to the bar at that point, would not be quieted... - i've just spoken to mayor-elect david dinkins. crowd: boo! - no! no! no! no! - and were not at all in sync with what rudy wanted to do. - quiet! quiet! - he screamed at the top of his lungs. it was amazing. - and it came across as strident and sort of off-key. - please be quiet and listen to me. - this is a situation where he wasn't able to control his environment, and he didn't like it. - it's very important for the future of our city that we all come together. and i want you to show that spirit! now, do it! - i believe the seeds of the rudy that we see now were always there. what i didn't recognize is, as other aspects of his career fell away, how prominent they would become. - rudy told jack newfield, the famous journalist, after the 1989 election that the election was stolen from him. - were you surprised? - was i surprised by-- - were you surprised at how close it came at the end? could you have predicted it in a sealed envelope? - no, i don't think so. i thought we were either gonna win it by a very little bit or lose it by eight or ten points. having never been through it before, i didn't know which to believe, the polls or the enthusiasm of the people. - it didn't get a lot of attention. and so it didn't really spring forward until the trump era. we cannot allow these crooks to steal an election from the american people. when i ran for mayor of new york city the first time, some people voted eight and ten times. - and it really struck me, because it was something that giuliani didn't carry on a lot about at the time. he may have said it here and there, but it's not something he made a big issue. - it did not define him in 1989. i think he still had enough internal discipline, connection to the real world, whatever you want to call it, that he didn't define himself as a person who had an election stolen from him. - from now on, i will believe the people, not the wisdom of the pollsters. - every step in his career was natural from what had happened before. i don't think there was ever a time when i thought, "oh, wow, rudy is now finished." i never thought that, even when he lost. - from that night, giuliani started his second campaign for the next four years. - "people say this can't be done? screw them. i'm gonna show you that it can." there is this tight sense of, it's us against the world. let's show the world what assholes they are. those have always been his instincts. - and look, god, talk about longevity in american politics. the guy is, like, [bleep] amazing. - the battle has begun. former u.s. attorney rudolph giuliani launched his formal campaign today to capture city hall. - we're running against a man who's potentially gonna be the first black mayor of new york. - democrat david dinkins has defeated republican rudolph giuliani. [tense music] - in city hall, there was a space in the bowels of that ancient building that came to be known as the lair. that's where the cigars would be smoked.

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