have heard about, cop26. ihe’ll that major climate meeting you might have heard about, cop26._ have heard about, cop26. we'll be lookin: have heard about, cop26. we'll be looking about _ have heard about, cop26. we'll be looking about why _ have heard about, cop26. we'll be looking about why climate - have heard about, cop26. we'll be looking about why climate change | looking about why climate change matters to all of us and the impact it is already having here and around the world. and we will be hearing from the people here in scotland leading the innovation and solutions for this global issue. {loafer leading the innovation and solutions for this global issue.— for this global issue. over the next hour, our for this global issue. over the next hour. our team _ for this global issue. over the next hour, our team will _ for this global issue. over the next hour, our team will be _ for this global issue. over the next hour, our team will be across - hour, our team will be across scotland and beyond, and there may be a few things that surprise you along the way. i�*m be a few things that surprise you along the way-— be a few things that surprise you along the way. i'm going to try not to waste anything _ along the way. i'm going to try not to waste anything this _ along the way. i'm going to try not to waste anything this week. - along the way. i'm going to try not to waste anything this week. i - along the way. i'm going to try not| to waste anything this week. i think it is vital for — to waste anything this week. i think it is vital for our _ to waste anything this week. i think it is vital for our generation. - to waste anything this week. i think it is vital for our generation. we - it is vital for our generation. we are the — it is vital for our generation. we are the ones_ it is vital for our generation. we are the ones who _ it is vital for our generation. we are the ones who are _ it is vital for our generation. we are the ones who are going - it is vital for our generation. we are the ones who are going to l it is vital for our generation. we . are the ones who are going to live the consequences. _ are the ones who are going to live the consequences. i— are the ones who are going to live the consequences.— are the ones who are going to live the consequences. i want to travel to paris. the consequences. i want to travel to paris- if— the consequences. i want to travel to paris. if only _ the consequences. i want to travel to paris. if only it _ the consequences. i want to travel to paris. if only it were _ the consequences. i want to travel to paris. if only it were that - the consequences. i want to travel to paris. if only it were that easy. | to paris. if only it were that easy. that is where _ to paris. if only it were that easy. that is where the _ to paris. if only it were that easy. that is where the water _ to paris. if only it were that easy. that is where the water should i to paris. if only it were that easy. l that is where the water should be. but a _ that is where the water should be. but a tester for a boundless source of renewable — but a tester for a boundless source of renewable energy. _ forest fires, flooding, heatwaves, droughts, tornadoes, devastating weather events and we are seeing more of them across the world. why?, simply, our planet is getting hotter, and that is down to us. that�*s right. the world is an estimated 1.1 celsius warmer than before we started burning fossil fuels. burning fossilfuels releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, c02, into ouratmosphere which one is our planet. this is not new information, but scientists warn if we have any chance of slowing the most dangerous effects of global warming, like extreme weather events and rising sea levels, we need to take action now. that is why the eyes of the world will be focused here in glasgow the cop 26. so what is cop 26, and — here in glasgow the cop 26. so what is cop 26, and why _ here in glasgow the cop 26. so what is cop 26, and why does it _ here in glasgow the cop 26. so what is cop 26, and why does it matter? i is cop 26, and why does it matter? it is essentially a chance to get all the main players around the table to show their cards on climate change. that world leaders, faith leaders, including president biden, the queen, and the pope will all be here in glasgow. it is organised by the united nations, and this is the first time it has ever been hosted in the uk. back in paris it was an important one, they tried to lower that magic 1.25 celsius. in a nutshell, this is a big moment. lats nutshell, this is a big moment. lots of to - ics nutshell, this is a big moment. lots of topics will — nutshell, this is a big moment. lots of topics will be _ nutshell, this is a big moment. lots of topics will be on _ nutshell, this is a big moment. lots of topics will be on the agenda at cop26 and we�*re going to start with something you might not expect when we are talking about climate change, sport. a huge industry with the potential to influence billions of fans. chris mclauchlan can us more. we know that some of the biggest names in global politics will be here at the high duo behind me in a month�*s time, but the world of sport will also be represented. the fair, work football�*s world governing body, here to talk about previous climate change promises and perhaps to sign up to some new ones. this is notjust about show, to sign up to some new ones. this is not just about show, because sport has a trickier relationship with climate change then you might expect. the australian open last year, smoke from nearby bushfires forced players to pull out mid—match. forced players to pull out mid-match.— forced players to pull out mid-match. ., , ., mid-match. ladies and gentlemen, unfortunately _ mid-match. ladies and gentlemen, unfortunately the _ mid-match. ladies and gentlemen, unfortunately the players _ mid-match. ladies and gentlemen, unfortunately the players are - mid-match. ladies and gentlemen, | unfortunately the players are unable to continue — unfortunately the players are unable to continue in— unfortunately the players are unable to continue. ii' ' unfortunately the players are unable to continue-— to continue. in 2019, the rugby world cup _ to continue. in 2019, the rugby world cup lost _ to continue. in 2019, the rugby world cup lost games - to continue. in 2019, the rugby world cup lost games to - to continue. in 2019, the rugby world cup lost games to tidal. to continue. in 2019, the rugby - world cup lost games to tidal waves. two of the major cricket facilities and the current caribbean were ntenta rubble. this is not a one—off. this is coming absolutely everywhere in the world to every sport that is played outdoors. aha, sport that is played outdoors. a huge claim with huge ramifications. i�*ve been a sports journalist for over 20 years, and i have never really thought about the relationship between sport and climate change. i�*ve taken hundreds of flights, i�*ve driven hundreds of miles in thisjob, and it isjust never been something that i�*ve ever really thought about. today i am heading to shows to see what impact climate change is having on one sport right now. this is the world to�*s fifth oldest golf course, and it is crumbling into the sea. in 2006, the stretch of beach was their way, but the north sea is slowly but surely eating this golf course. put it in very simple terms for me will stop how much of this golf course are you losing here to the sea? ., , , , ., the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact- — the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact. we _ the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact. we do _ the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact. we do a _ the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact. we do a gps - the sea? two metres every year. that's a fact. we do a gps trackl that�*s a fact. we do a gps track every january that�*s a fact. we do a gps track everyjanuary or that�*s a fact. we do a gps track every january or february. that�*s incredible. every january or february. that's incredible-— every january or february. that's incredible. ., , ., ., incredible. yeah. i must admit, i am obviously naive. _ incredible. yeah. i must admit, i am obviously naive. i— incredible. yeah. i must admit, i am obviously naive. i thought _ incredible. yeah. i must admit, i am obviously naive. i thought a - obviously naive. i thought a situation like this, there will be a plan to save this. he. situation like this, there will be a plan to save this.— situation like this, there will be a plan to save this. no. 459 years of history here _ plan to save this. no. 459 years of history here and _ plan to save this. no. 459 years of history here and no plan. - plan to save this. no. 459 years of history here and no plan. so - plan to save this. no. 459 years of history here and no plan. so sport| history here and no plan. so sport is bein: history here and no plan. so sport is being affected, _ history here and no plan. so sport is being affected, but _ history here and no plan. so sport is being affected, but is _ history here and no plan. so sport is being affected, but is sport - is being affected, but is sport affecting the climate? fifa estimated that the last world cup in russia generated 2.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. hundreds of flights, the building of new venues and accommodating thousands of fans left what is being called a carbon footprint figure than the entire formula one season of that year. but football is fighting back. here in scotland, one club claims to be leading the way. so, chris, it is certainly green. why this club in scotland, though? we certainly green. why this club in scotland, though?— certainly green. why this club in scotland, though? we are trying to be 100% green... _ scotland, though? we are trying to be 10096 green... being _ scotland, though? we are trying to be 10096 green... being more - scotland, though? we are trying to l be 10096 green... being more vegan. be 100% green... being more vegan. 0ther be 100% green... being more vegan. other clubs have their own initiatives and slowly but surely things appear to be changing, but change from the top down? the next fifa world cup will be held in qatar next year, and the building of brand—new super stadium is on the desert does not exactly scream sustainability. but organisers are adamant that the carbon generated will be offset in other areas. and thatis will be offset in other areas. and that is what others sports are sane too. yes, there is an issue, but we are on it. now, what the experts have been telling me over the past couple of weeks is, yes, sport can do more, but what they are really looking for from a sector that has a carbon footprint perhaps the size of poland or spain is to use its popularity to raise awareness. we�*ve seen lebronjames, for example, seen lebron james, for example, getting seen lebronjames, for example, getting involved in the black lives matter movement. we�*ve seen marcus rashford raising awareness around food property. there is awareness that sport can cut through deeper and wider than politics. there is also a feeling that with regards to sport something that can unite the world can also help fix it. really interesting. chris mclauchlan, many thanks. let me introduce the first of our guest this evening. welcome. let mejust pick of our guest this evening. welcome. let me just pick up on what he was talking about there. do you think the sort of conversations we are having around climate change now are changing? i having around climate change now are chanauin ? , ~ . changing? i definitely think that. i think is see _ changing? i definitely think that. i think is see the _ changing? i definitely think that. i think is see the awareness - changing? i definitely think that. i think is see the awareness all - think is see the awareness all around is that climate change is happening. every year, you see these different sorts of summers that we haven�*t seen before in the extreme events happening around us, and more and more people are connecting that was what we actually do to tackle climate change. but we are clearly not doing enough so there is a big step to take in terms of seeing the changing lifestyles.— changing lifestyles. nevertheless, is it still a hard _ changing lifestyles. nevertheless, is it still a hard sell— changing lifestyles. nevertheless, is it still a hard sell in _ changing lifestyles. nevertheless, is it still a hard sell in the - changing lifestyles. nevertheless, is it still a hard sell in the sense i is it still a hard sell in the sense that people have so many stresses in their lives, so many priorities, not least the pandemic, health and education, theirfamilies, you know, does that have to change before government policy does? i does that have to change before government policy does?- government policy does? i think government _ government policy does? i think government policy _ government policy does? i think government policy typically - government policy does? i think| government policy typically does follow public opinion. it can lead it but i think your right to say that. people are aware of the changes in the climate but less aware of the changes they can make to tackle it, and connecting those two things together is the secret sauce here. it cannot bejust two things together is the secret sauce here. it cannot be just about governments and world leaders coming to glasgow making plans on setting targets, it is also the real—life targets, it is also the real—life targets that will drive and the change to meet the targets. the ian . ua . e change to meet the targets. the language around climate change can be quite fatalistic and defeatist, do you think that is helpful and galvanises people, or does it turn people off? i galvanises people, or does it turn people off?— people off? i think it turns them off. i people off? i think it turns them off- i think— people off? i think it turns them off. i think it — people off? i think it turns them off. i think it is _ people off? i think it turns them off. i think it is important to - off. i think it is important to acknowledge the risks we have from climate change, and you can see them all around us, and you can see countries experiencing climate change much more extreme way that we are here in scotland to the uk. but i think you need to embrace it positively and the changes you can make to tackle climate change. there is lots that we can do. yes, it does rest on world leaders in government setting policies that will help with this journey, setting policies that will help with thisjourney, but it setting policies that will help with this journey, but it also rests on a willingness to change lifestyles and behaviours. notjust for the climate, but also for things like our health and the environment around us in the air that we breathe. so there are lots of good reasons to start focusing on this properly now. reasons to start focusing on this properly now-— properly now. thank you for the moment- _ properly now. thank you for the moment- stay _ properly now. thank you for the moment. stay there, _ properly now. thank you for the moment. stay there, but - properly now. thank you for the moment. stay there, but we - properly now. thank you for the | moment. stay there, but we will properly now. thank you for the - moment. stay there, but we will come back to you. perhaps get a cup of tea or something for the moment. we�*ll hear that we can do our bit to save the planet, no matter how small it may seem. we thought, why not set few challenges? taking the pattern and running with it with the family here. ~ , ., , and running with it with the family here. ~ , . , ~ and running with it with the family here. ~ , ., , . ., here. meet these families. we are all in this challenge _ here. meet these families. we are all in this challenge together. - here. meet these families. we are | all in this challenge together. from the energy we used to how we holiday and what we buy, there are a number of greener changes ahead. but this week, we are going to focus on day—to—day travel, food and waste. if you can get out of your petrol and diesel cars, it will make a difference. domestic transport makes up difference. domestic transport makes up scotland�*s biggest chunk of emissions, which is why our first challenge is to ditch the car. dar; challenge is to ditch the car. day one of no car- — challenge is to ditch the car. day one of no car. walking to and from work _ one of no car. walking to and from work it— one of no car. walking to and from work. �* , , ._ one of no car. walking to and from work-— bye- - one of no car. walking to and from work-— bye- it's i one of no car. walking to and from work._ bye. it's a | work. a pretty wet day. bye. it's a fair walk. what _ work. a pretty wet day. bye. it's a fair walk. what was _ work. a pretty wet day. bye. it's a fair walk. what was a _ work. a pretty wet day. bye. it's a fair walk. what was a seven - work. a pretty wet day. bye. it's a | fair walk. what was a seven minute cariourney — fair walk. what was a seven minute cariourney is _ fair walk. what was a seven minute cariourney is a _ fair walk. what was a seven minute cariourney is a 55 _ fair walk. what was a seven minute carjourney is a 55 minute - fair walk. what was a seven minute carjourney is a 55 minute walk- fair walk. what was a seven minute carjourney is a 55 minute walk this | carjourney is a 55 minute walk this morning _ carjourney is a 55 minute walk this morning it's— carjourney is a 55 minute walk this morning. it's been 0k. i've spoken to the _ morning. it's been 0k. i've spoken to the transport department and they have agreed to allow me to switch to an all— have agreed to allow me to switch to an all electric car. did have agreed to allow me to switch to an all electric car.— an all electric car. did you walk to school? did _ an all electric car. did you walk to school? did you _ an all electric car. did you walk to school? did you enjoy _ an all electric car. did you walk to school? did you enjoy it? - an all electric car. did you walk to school? did you enjoy it? £50 - an all electric car. did you walk to school? did you enjoy it? £50 for| an all electric car. did you walk to i school? did you enjoy it? £50 for 35 school? did you en'oy it? £50 for 35 minute journey. _ school? did you enjoy it? £50 for 35 minute journey. you _ school? did you enjoy it? £50 for 35 minute journey. you would - school? did you enjoy it? £50 for 35 minute journey. you would need - school? did you enjoy it? £50 for 35 minute journey. you would need to | minute journey. you would need to reduce the bus drastically. — £15. there is only train once an hour. this morning we have fulfilled our challenge — this morning we have fulfilled our challenge. i'm going to have to drop them _ challenge. i'm going to have to drop them off _ challenge. i'm going to have to drop them off - — challenge. i'm going to have to drop them off. ., ., . ., them off. - failed our challenge. but we them off. - failed our challenge. itut we are _ them off. - failed our challenge. but we are taking _ them off. - failed our challenge. but we are taking steps - them off. - failed our challenge. but we are taking steps in - them off. - failed our challenge. but we are taking steps in the i but we are taking steps in the right direction. i�*m but we are taking steps in the right direction. �* ., ., , ., ., direction. i'm going to start doing this every day. — direction. i'm going to start doing this every day, walking _ direction. i'm going to start doing this every day, walking back - this every day, walking back from school. �* ., , ., , school. i'm doing the food shop. that's one _ school. i'm doing the food shop. that's one less _ school. i'm doing the food shop. that's one less car _ school. i'm doing the food shop. that's one less carjourney. - school. i'm doing the food shop. that's one less carjourney. left| that's one less car “ourney. left it on a cliffhanger— that's one less carjourney. left it on a cliffhanger there _ that's one less carjourney. left it on a cliffhanger there but - that's one less carjourney. left it on a cliffhanger there but we willl on a cliffhanger there but we will catch up with our two families again later in the programme. to the sharp end impact that we are already seeing in terms of extreme weather effects. in the last few months alone, we have seen forest fires raging in greece, the streets of new york flooded after her ida hit the us, and hundreds dead following a blistering heat wave in canada. germany experienced the worst floods in living memory this summer. james cook has been to one community there to find out how they are coping two months on. ca rs cars were swimming by, and tractors and gas tanks and things like that. it was definitely the most horrific and terrible night i have been through so far. we were just trapped in our house and we could not get out of it, so we were so helpless. and that is such an incredible and also overwhelming feeling. after we rescued several neighbours, we decided to go because the water was rising quickly. decided to go because the water was rising quickly-— rising quickly. where there are enou:h rising quickly. where there are enough warnings _ rising quickly. where there are enough warnings about - rising quickly. where there are enough warnings about what . rising quickly. where there are l enough warnings about what was rising quickly. where there are - enough warnings about what was going to happen and enough advice about what you should do? he. to happen and enough advice about what you should do?— what you should do? no. there wasn't. there _ what you should do? no. there wasn't. there simply _ what you should do? no. there wasn't. there simply wasn't - what you should do? no. there wasn't. there simply wasn't a l wasn�*t. there simply wasn�*t a warning on that night. we were left alone. in the valley, charmer runs deep. there have always been floods here, but no one can recall a disaster as bad as this. and as high as their start bill this was the highest place. yes. and as high as their start bill this was the highest place.— was the highest place. yes. and here, it was the highest place. yes. and here. it was _ was the highest place. yes. and here, it was two _ was the highest place. yes. and here, it was two metres. - was the highest place. yes. and here, it was two metres. and i was the highest place. yes. and here, it was two metres. and it | was the highest place. yes. and i here, it was two metres. and it is so sad. my heart is broken. it was my lovely place. i�*m so sad. my heart is broken. it was my lovely place-— so sad. my heart is broken. it was my lovely place._ it's - my lovely place. i'm sorry. it's 'ust, my lovely place. i'm sorry. it's just. nothing. _ my lovely place. i'm sorry. it's just, nothing, everything - my lovely place. i'm sorry. it's just, nothing, everything wasl my lovely place. i'm sorry. it's - just, nothing, everything was here. it's just, nothing, everything was here. it�*s gone. fin just, nothing, everything was here. it's one. ., it's gone. on the night of the floods, it's gone. on the night of the floods. the — it's gone. on the night of the floods, the water _ it's gone. on the night of the floods, the waterjust - it's gone. on the night of the floods, the waterjust rushedj floods, the waterjust rushed down here with incredible force, there was a bridge here which has been torn away and around here, you can see the extent of the damage to this house, the front of it was just ripped off by the force of this water. they are working here and built this temporary bridge to try and repair things, built this temporary bridge to try and repairthings, but built this temporary bridge to try and repair things, but look at the railway. the usual sense of the scale of the damage, the scale of the challenge.— scale of the damage, the scale of the challenge. women look at what ha--ened the challenge. women look at what happened in — the challenge. women look at what happened in this — the challenge. women look at what happened in this event, _ the challenge. women look at what happened in this event, we - the challenge. women look at what happened in this event, we are - happened in this event, we are askin: happened in this event, we are asking us _ happened in this event, we are asking us of — happened in this event, we are asking us of how— happened in this event, we are asking us of how we _ happened in this event, we are asking us of how we can - happened in this event, we are asking us of how we can betterj asking us of how we can better prepare — asking us of how we can better prepare for such events in the future — prepare for such events in the future - — prepare for such events in the future — when we look at this. we have _ future — when we look at this. we have to _ future — when we look at this. we have to improve our systems, make more _ have to improve our systems, make more accurate forecasts. are have to improve our systems, make more accurate forecasts.— more accurate forecasts. are the forecast we _ more accurate forecasts. are the forecast we saw _ more accurate forecasts. are the forecast we saw here _ more accurate forecasts. are the forecast we saw here a _ more accurate forecasts. are the forecast we saw here a warning l more accurate forecasts. are the - forecast we saw here a warning about what we can expect in the era of climate change?— what we can expect in the era of climate change? absolutely. we can exect climate change? absolutely. we can expect extreme _ climate change? absolutely. we can expect extreme events _ climate change? absolutely. we can expect extreme events to _ climate change? absolutely. we can expect extreme events to become i climate change? absolutely. we can - expect extreme events to become more intense _ expect extreme events to become more intense and — expect extreme events to become more intense and to become more frequent. this valley— intense and to become more frequent. this valley relies on wine in tourism. but now, vines are damaged and visitors absent. in this winemakers optimistic. he tells us how to some this may actually improve his crop and he has his doubts about whether climate change really is to blame for this flood. scientists say there is some evidence of a link in the see this flood is a warning. a rich advanced nation overwhelmed by extreme weather. but the people here are resilient and resourceful. they have been filling the flooded wine to raise money for the victims. it is raise money for the victims. it is hard for all _ raise money for the victims. it is hard for all of _ raise money for the victims. it is hard for all of us _ raise money for the victims. it is hard for all of us but _ raise money for the victims. it 3 hard for all of us but we have power, we will make it. scotland is, it is one of — power, we will make it. scotland is, it is one of the _ power, we will make it. scotland is, it is one of the hottest _ power, we will make it. scotland is, it is one of the hottest on _ power, we will make it. scotland is, it is one of the hottest on record. i it is one of the hottest on record. it is been one of the driest summers on record and so the link between weather and climate can be a tricky one to get your head around, but essentially weather varies do today and to month and year and year to year, they discovered climate change is much slower, steadier than according to scientists increasingly worrying. here, we can see each year globally since 1850 as a coloured stripe in the blue stripe showing years that were below average temperature wise. the redder years that have been above average. bbc research is find the number of extremely hot days each year around the world when the temperature reaches 50 c has doubled. since the 19805. if reaches 50 c has doubled. since the 1980s. if we hone in on the data for scotland, there�*s a bit of variation year on year but look at this red box and since 2,000 you can see unmistakable warning trends. if you do not reduce emissions to 1.5, do not reduce emissions to 1.5 , what happens? the warning for climate science is pretty stark. by the middle of the century, the arctic could be ice free in sea levels will have risen by more than a metre. look at what is happened to the arctic ice over the last four decades, if we take a closer look at some of the flooding areas for scotland, in the east, it is around the firth of fourth, that is according to one projection, climate central. towards edinburgh, the area is a two for flooding and sea levels rise here and heading west, some districts around the river clyde, you can see them badly hit as well. north and south, cure, large swathes of the coastline are inundated with the greatest climate challenge for scotland will be flooding from extreme weather events. which would become more frequent. with the system if by the temperature will be more powerful and because warmer air with more moisture in the real behaviour in winters will be monitored and wetter. broadly speaking, that is. your member the beast from the east, that thread has not gone away. instances of extreme cold will be more severe, meaning more snowfall in shorter periods of time. summers would be warmer and dryer, but sunshine and high temperatures will bake the land and the driest soil will be unable to take in water quickly enough and extreme rain can cause flash flooding. i have been talking rain but one area that is all too familiar with flooding. mild northwest colour of scotland but it it�*s whether that is becoming increasingly unpredictable. last year, a wildfire risk forfour increasingly unpredictable. last year, a wildfire risk for four days — raged by unceasingly try and warm conditions. flash flooding has become increasingly common too. and at this venue, it is something you know all too well. in 2015, snowmelt and prolonged rain caused the nearby burst of expense stability built up behind the wall and it pushed all the water into the far corner over there where the only place he could go was there. under the floodwall, close to for ten months. that go was there. under the floodwall, close to for ten months.— close to for ten months. that was the water- — close to for ten months. that was the water. even _ close to for ten months. that was the water. even though _ close to for ten months. that was the water. even though it - close to for ten months. that was the water. even though it opened | close to for ten months. that was - the water. even though it opened the door, let the bulk of the water out and it�*s still at that range. in here, you can see all around the floor, so many volunteers arrived at the door the next morning when the news begin to spread about what it happened. this news begin to spread about what it ha ened. . . news begin to spread about what it ha ened. , _, ., , news begin to spread about what it hauened. , , ., ., , ., news begin to spread about what it hauened. , ., , ., , happened. this is already a problem and many ordered _ happened. this is already a problem and many ordered people _ happened. this is already a problem and many ordered people were - happened. this is already a problem and many ordered people were cut l and many ordered people were cut off during the renovations. itruiheh and many ordered people were cut off during the renovations.— during the renovations. when it was there, i remember— during the renovations. when it was there, i remember her— during the renovations. when it was there, i remember her saying - during the renovations. when it was there, i remember her saying that l during the renovations. when it was there, i remember her saying that i | there, i remember her saying that i really— there, i remember her saying that i really miss— there, i remember her saying that i really miss it because i cannot get out of— really miss it because i cannot get out of the — really miss it because i cannot get out of the house so easily. in out of the house so easily. previous out of the house so easily. in previous years, seasonal weather was fairly predictable but temperatures may hit the mid to high �*20s through september and not that uncommon. autumn, the season of mist and fruitfulness is not here so far, drier than average, warmer than average and today has been a beautiful day, and 40 or 50 years�* time, orfield contain vineyards? agriculture is a key industry here but weather conditions are having some water supplies for farmers in upland areas. for some water supplies for farmers in upland areas-— some water supplies for farmers in upland areas. for livestock, we have to keep them _ upland areas. for livestock, we have to keep them watered _ upland areas. for livestock, we have to keep them watered and _ upland areas. for livestock, we have to keep them watered and carry - upland areas. for livestock, we have. to keep them watered and carry water to keep them watered and carry water to them, _ to keep them watered and carry water to them, if— to keep them watered and carry water tothem, ifyou— to keep them watered and carry water to them, if you do— to keep them watered and carry water to them, if you do not _ to keep them watered and carry water to them, if you do not get _ to keep them watered and carry water to them, if you do not get the - to keep them watered and carry water to them, if you do not get the rain - to them, if you do not get the rain raven _ to them, if you do not get the rain raven of— to them, if you do not get the rain raven of grass, _ to them, if you do not get the rain raven of grass, but _ to them, if you do not get the rain raven of grass, but defeat - to them, if you do not get the rain raven of grass, but defeat them? | raven of grass, but defeat them? have _ raven of grass, but defeat them? have a _ raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look — raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look at _ raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look at the _ raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look at the view. - raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look at the view. 0h, - raven of grass, but defeat them? have a look at the view. oh, wow. what of easter! _ have a look at the view. oh, wow. what of easter! we're _ have a look at the view. oh, wow. what of easter! we're talking - have a look at the view. oh, wow. | what of easter! we're talking about what of easter! we�*re talking about conditions here at the top of the hill for yourfarm conditions here at the top of the hill for your farm situated at the bottom of the hill.— hill for your farm situated at the bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality _ bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality of _ bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality of the _ bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality of the rainfall - bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality of the rainfall and - bottom of the hill. because the on seasonality of the rainfall and the | seasonality of the rainfall and the lon- seasonality of the rainfall and the long tray — seasonality of the rainfall and the long tray periods, _ seasonality of the rainfall and the long tray periods, yes, _ seasonality of the rainfall and the long tray periods, yes, we've - seasonality of the rainfall and the long tray periods, yes, we've hadj seasonality of the rainfall and the i long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem _ long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem here — long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem here with _ long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem here with water _ long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem here with water this - long tray periods, yes, we've had a problem here with water this year. | problem here with water this year. and now— problem here with water this year. and now there's _ problem here with water this year. and now there's plenty. _ problem here with water this year. and now there's plenty.— problem here with water this year. and now there's plenty. young people have been taking _ and now there's plenty. young people have been taking part _ and now there's plenty. young people have been taking part in _ and now there's plenty. young people have been taking part in school- have been taking part in school districts to raise awareness of climate change.— districts to raise awareness of climate change. and brought the ounuer climate change. and brought the younger generation _ climate change. and brought the younger generation in _ climate change. and brought the younger generation in order - younger generation in order generation together. it is younger generation in order generation together. it is vital for our generation _ generation together. it is vital for our generation to _ generation together. it is vital for our generation to stop _ generation together. it is vital for our generation to stop it - generation together. it is vital for our generation to stop it because| our generation to stop it because we�*re the ones were going to live the consequences. it is definitely a scary thought to about.— scary thought to about. people livin: scary thought to about. people living around _ scary thought to about. people living around this _ scary thought to about. people living around this area - scary thought to about. people i living around this area frequently experience problems with flooding. they have always suffered floods and is just _ they have always suffered floods and is just how _ they have always suffered floods and isjust how big those they have always suffered floods and is just how big those floods are getting — isjust how big those floods are . ettin . _ . ., ., getting. what will more extreme weather look _ getting. what will more extreme weather look like _ getting. what will more extreme weather look like for _ getting. what will more extreme weather look like for this - getting. what will more extreme weather look like for this part i getting. what will more extreme weather look like for this part of| weather look like for this part of scotland? ., ., ., scotland? the overall part of rainfall is _ scotland? the overall part of rainfall is going _ scotland? the overall part of rainfall is going to _ scotland? the overall part of rainfall is going to come i scotland? the overall part of rainfall is going to come in i rainfall is going to come in really intense — rainfall is going to come in really intense process. we have not been designed _ intense process. we have not been designed to cope with that. if we need _ designed to cope with that. if we need to— designed to cope with that. if we need to evacuate a village and make sure that _ need to evacuate a village and make sure that everyone who lives there has a _ sure that everyone who lives there has a seat — sure that everyone who lives there has a seat in a car to get out, these — has a seat in a car to get out, these people who live in the communities understanding what they're _ communities understanding what they're going to do when the extreme of his— they're going to do when the extreme of his head _ they're going to do when the extreme of his head. . they're going to do when the extreme of his head. , ., of his head. extreme events hit. how the will of his head. extreme events hit. how they will adapt _ of his head. extreme events hit. how they will adapt to _ of his head. extreme events hit. how they will adapt to a _ of his head. extreme events hit. how they will adapt to a changing - they will adapt to a changing climate, someone who talks the councils on the very subject, things are coming in. this is your bread and butter, what kind of conversations are you having and adapting to these risks? hate conversations are you having and adapting to these risks?- adapting to these risks? we are startin: adapting to these risks? we are starting at _ adapting to these risks? we are starting at the _ adapting to these risks? we are starting at the beginning - adapting to these risks? we are starting at the beginning which l adapting to these risks? we are l starting at the beginning which is understanding what we might face. understanding the hazards, whether they be flooding or heatwaves and train to come up with solutions with everyone around the table and so it�*s about having risk assessments for cities and rural areas and also bringing in all of the different players around to talk and have those partnerships we can find really innovative solutions to some of the problems we face. can really innovative solutions to some of the problems we face.— of the problems we face. can you talk about — of the problems we face. can you talk about some _ of the problems we face. can you talk about some of _ of the problems we face. can you talk about some of the _ of the problems we face. can you talk about some of the things i of the problems we face. can you | talk about some of the things they are looking at? the talk about some of the things they are looking at?— talk about some of the things they are looking at? the counsellor doing also of the different _ are looking at? the counsellor doing also of the different things - are looking at? the counsellor doing also of the different things of the i also of the different things of the moment to try and address climate change and one of the things we have been doing is help them understand what we mean by risk and how that plays out with such a diverse and interesting city. cultural heritage and festivals. we�*ve got incredible businesses and universities and students and so, what is this all going to mean in the future and we are faced with more flooding events or heatwaves? it is about having those conversations at this point and trying to build those relationships to come up with ideas to how we can work together going forward. 50 to how we can work together going forward. ., , , ., ., forward. so many things. i want to talk to you — forward. so many things. i want to talk to you about _ forward. so many things. i want to talk to you about this, _ forward. so many things. i want to talk to you about this, bear - forward. so many things. i want to talk to you about this, bear with i talk to you about this, bear with me, but i had two facts that blew my mind and one of them being that it�*s the second most used material on earth behind water only. and it would be the worlds third largest emitter and c02. we know that it�*s everywhere but we also have to build houses, we also have housing shortages but how would you swear all of that was trying to tackle climate change. it�*s all of that was trying to tackle climate change.— all of that was trying to tackle climate change. it's a really big challenae climate change. it's a really big challenge and _ climate change. it's a really big challenge and what _ climate change. it's a really big challenge and what we - climate change. it's a really big challenge and what we need i climate change. it's a really big challenge and what we need to | climate change. it's a really big i challenge and what we need to be thinking about is, notjust reducing our admissions, thinking about is, notjust reducing ouradmissions, but doing thinking about is, notjust reducing our admissions, but doing this hand—in—hand with adapting to hazards we are going to face. when we to concrete, we might have a city thatis we to concrete, we might have a city that is faced with flooding and previously, we might have built a concrete defence system but also to think about what is the carbon footprint of doing that. are there better ways? and better ways might better ways? and better ways might be working with nature. so, working with the environment to find solutions where we can try and improve our flood risk management but also biodiversity and wellbeing of people and try to move away from some of the conventional ways of building. some of the conventional ways of buildinu. ,., ., , .., building. the solution itself can sometimes _ building. the solution itself can sometimes contribute - building. the solution itself can sometimes contribute to i building. the solution itself can sometimes contribute to the i building. the solution itself can i sometimes contribute to the problem. i suppose the big question is at the moment, the work that you�*re doing and the people that you�*re speaking to. do you think that they are doing enough to adapt to the risk at the moment? i enough to adapt to the risk at the moment? ~ . enough to adapt to the risk at the moment? ~' ., ., ., ._ moment? i think we have a long way to no. moment? i think we have a long way to go- recent _ moment? i think we have a long way to go. recent reports _ moment? i think we have a long way to go. recent reports are _ moment? i think we have a long way to go. recent reports are saying i to go. recent reports are saying that the risks that we face now and are going to face into the future are going to face into the future are going to face into the future are going to get worse and the adaptation of the moment is not keeping pace with that. on the positive side, there has not been a moment like this for climate change. there are so many people are having conversations about climate change on the pub in cafes and certainly as someone who works in climate change science, we staff to argue climate change was the thing and now we�*re being asked to help with finding options for solutions and going forward. so, it is very different to fall into the trap of being negative and worried but actually we�*ve got a lot of tours at her fingertips and it�*s reallyjust about getting it out there and being positive and working together and trying to use things like this to get the resources that we need in order to implement those. you resources that we need in order to implement those.— implement those. you sound as if ou're implement those. you sound as if you're positive- — implement those. you sound as if you're positive. are _ implement those. you sound as if you're positive. are you _ implement those. you sound as if you're positive. are you positive l you�*re positive. are you positive about the solutions you will find soon to this or do you think this is still something that feels quite far away? j still something that feels quite far awa ? ~ , still something that feels quite far awa ? ~' , ., , ., away? i think they are proven in the last 18 months _ away? i think they are proven in the last 18 months and _ away? i think they are proven in the last 18 months and we _ away? i think they are proven in the last 18 months and we can - away? i think they are proven in the last 18 months and we can pretty i last 18 months and we can pretty much tackle anything. i�*ve think we have radically changed how we work and how we live and can do the same for climate change as well. so, i do feel really positive, i teach master students were amazing, they come in, full of energy and ideas. and they are going to be helping us going forward. so, we have an army of people who are spilling up in terms of their knowledge on climate change and green environmental issues. so, i think the future is very bright, wejust need to i think the future is very bright, we just need to do it. lats i think the future is very bright, we just need to do it.— i think the future is very bright, we just need to do it. lots to think about and thank— we just need to do it. lots to think about and thank you _ we just need to do it. lots to think about and thank you very - we just need to do it. lots to think about and thank you very much i about and thank you very much for persevering with my concrete question. lets ta ke lets take a closer look at what is causing this and the countries with the biggest greenhouse gas emissions. it is properly not a huge surprise that the countries with the biggest populations come out top. that is china, the us and india. fossil fuels, that is china, the us and india. fossilfuels, oiland that is china, the us and india. fossilfuels, oil and gas and coil remain big energy sources. energy is a huge one, how we keep our lights on and heat our offices and also how we travel. agriculture also has a big impact, with farming, reproduction and deforested nation and how we manage our land all playing their part. chemicals used in industry have a significant impact to and waste, something we can all relate to. that is notjust what ends up in landfill, but also the waste of c02 that is used in food production for food that sometimes get chucked stout. 0f sometimes get chucked stout. of course, we are one part of that big picture, and innovators have it huge role in driving changes in emissions. as i have been finding out. ba na na banana bread, did you make one in lockdown? many of us did with time and a glut of overripe bananas on our hands. but we probably didn�*t think too closely about how the ingredients got to our kitchen so the environmental impacts they had. calculating the carbon footprint of food is complex because you need to take into account factors like land use, water, energy, fertiliser and transportation. this vertical farm in dundee is doing things differently. stacks of vegetables, edible flowers and even trees are growing in tall towers, each with their own carefully controlled microclimate. brute their own carefully controlled microclimate.— their own carefully controlled microclimate. ., , microclimate. we don't need to use pesticides. — microclimate. we don't need to use pesticides, fungicides, _ microclimate. we don't need to use pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, l pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, we don�*t then need to wash the crop when it comes out, which means the she” when it comes out, which means the shelf life is greatly prolonged and that will hugely reduce waste. we like to use brownfield, old industrial sites, like to use brownfield, old industrialsites, but like to use brownfield, old industrial sites, but we can put it really close to the point of consumption or production which means we collapse the food miles. very little of our food travels by air, but we do. well, up until recently. the pandemic mentor once busy airports became ghost towns. but as this made us consider our choices longer term? say rather than sitting in this parisien cafe in glasgow i actually want to travel to paris. if only it was that easy. but this website that i am looking at allows me to check out the carbon dioxide emissions depending on how i choose to get to paris, so for example travelling by railroad produces nearly 48 kilograms of c02 per passenger, but by air it is almost three times as much. aviation is looking at how it can change. we are is looking at how it can change. - are going to be developing a hydrogen system for the aircraft i�*m sitting in at the moment. hydrogen does not omit anything but water, and put together the high energy that it has, it is the obvious answer. ., .., that it has, it is the obvious answer. ., , ., that it has, it is the obvious answer. ., ., ., that it has, it is the obvious answer. ., .,., ., answer. how could you go on holiday on a lane answer. how could you go on holiday on a plane powered _ answer. how could you go on holiday on a plane powered by— answer. how could you go on holiday on a plane powered by hydrogen? it| on a plane powered by hydrogen? ut depends on where you're going on depends on where you�*re going on holiday. 35 to 40 kilograms of omissions. holiday. 35 to 40 kilograms of omissions-— holiday. 35 to 40 kilograms of omissions. �* ., ., , omissions. but we are not flying as much, but — omissions. but we are not flying as much. but we _ omissions. but we are not flying as much, but we are _ omissions. but we are not flying as much, but we are zooming i omissions. but we are not flying as much, but we are zooming in i omissions. but we are not flying as much, but we are zooming in otherj much, but we are zooming in other ways. according the average scotland weekly unlace usage is the equivalent of a flight. an hour of their video call is 157g equivalent of a flight. an hour of their video call is 157 g of c02. each minute on social media is another gram and sharing rooms and group chat is another one. that�*s because they go through data centres which are power hungry. scotland wants to find greener alternatives. we are very fortunate in scotland to have the _ we are very fortunate in scotland to have the power of the wind. we also benefit from cooler temperatures which _ benefit from cooler temperatures which helps cool data centres because _ which helps cool data centres because that is also a big challenge. because that is also a big challenge-— because that is also a big challenge. because that is also a big challenue. ., ., challenge. the magnitude of the climate challenge _ challenge. the magnitude of the climate challenge can _ challenge. the magnitude of the | climate challenge can sometimes challenge. the magnitude of the i climate challenge can sometimes feel overwhelming, but if the pandemic taught us anything it is that we are capable of change. and that the future of what we value most is worth fighting for. so, lots going on to try to meet some of the big challenges. did you know that 0rkney is a hotspot of innovation. 0na on a voyage to find future energy solutions, i have streptomyces legs and come here to this archipelago of the north—east coast of scotland. this is scapa flow which for a while now has been a test bed for a boundless source of renewable energy. the ocean. but now, it is playing host to a new prototype device which harnesses the power of waves. here it is. five years in the making, motion energy�*s hinge raft has finally been trialled in wild waters. ~ ., ., ,., waters. we are generating power, it is working- — waters. we are generating power, it is working. obviously _ waters. we are generating power, it is working. obviously not _ waters. we are generating power, itj is working. obviously not everything is working. obviously not everything is going perfectly, but that is the point of the project. you can see the marine growth in the bird bow but it doesn�*t affect the performance. we have solar power in the day, wind power can be highly valuable, whereas wave energy helps to supply another source of renewable energy to balance that supply. because you have to have a supply. because you have to have a supply of energy meeting the demands of the grid. the supply of energy meeting the demands of the rid. , ., _, ., , of the grid. the sea conditions today are _ of the grid. the sea conditions today are obviously _ of the grid. the sea conditions today are obviously very i of the grid. the sea conditions today are obviously very calm, of the grid. the sea conditions i today are obviously very calm, but when it is very wavy, you would see that swivel mechanism doing this, and it is that which generates electricity. the blue x which is yellow, come power around ten homes, but it is being targeted first at our oil and gas industries to help reduce their platform running costs and pollution. the by—product of powering their rigs with natural gas and diesel accounts for almost 3% of the total carbon emissions. motion is trying to bring this device to market and would help to feed into the national grid. brute market and would help to feed into the national grid.— market and would help to feed into the national grid. we get waves out here 18 metres _ the national grid. we get waves out here 18 metres high. _ the national grid. we get waves out here 18 metres high. trying i the national grid. we get waves out here 18 metres high. trying to i the national grid. we get waves out here 18 metres high. trying to find l here 18 metres high. trying to find the ways in which we are going to extract these huge quantities of energy we know are in the sea is something we have to discover. heii something we have to discover. neil took the helm 16 years back and has already seen 13 inventions put through their paces. the switch room is filled with giant switches. any output from newfangled contraptions is measured here. isn�*t this a viable solution to our energy issues? and will our planet really be better off? we issues? and will our planet really be better off?— issues? and will our planet really be better off? ~ ., ., ., ., be better off? we are not gonna run out of waves — be better off? we are not gonna run out of waves and _ be better off? we are not gonna run out of waves and winds _ be better off? we are not gonna run out of waves and winds and i be better off? we are not gonna run out of waves and winds and tides. i be better off? we are not gonna run| out of waves and winds and tides. so this is a sustained industry. ifind it difficult to believe that people are still on the fence about climate change. if they want to say on the fence, well, good luck to you. we�*ve got to get on with it and we got to get on with it now. we don�*t have a choice. because if we don�*t sort this out, there planet is going to sort us out. this out, there planet is going to sort us out-— this out, there planet is going to sort usout. ~ , ., sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and — sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and is _ sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and is here _ sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and is here now. _ sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and is here now. there i sort us out. well, nick is back from orkney and is here now. there is i 0rkney and is here now. there is lots happening in 0rkney, isn�*t there? notjust that project lots happening in 0rkney, isn�*t there? not just that project we lots happening in 0rkney, isn�*t there? notjust that project we were looking at. the there? not 'ust that pro'ect we were lookin: at. ., , ., ., , looking at. the european and energy centre has placed _ looking at. the european and energy centre has placed a _ looking at. the european and energy centre has placed a bunch _ looking at. the european and energy centre has placed a bunch of i centre has placed a bunch of innovations over the years and that was just one of them. there have been a whole host of wave energy conversion devices tested there. the penguin is by a finish company called wellow and that is relies on the wall of the waves so it sits on the wall of the waves so it sits on the ways and literally wobbles back and forward. the way that works is can you imagine you�*re on the waltzes being swung around. can you imagine you're on the waltzes being swung around. sounds fun. there waltzes being swung around. sounds fun- there are _ waltzes being swung around. sounds fun. there are weights _ waltzes being swung around. sounds fun. there are weights inside i waltzes being swung around. sounds fun. there are weights inside it i waltzes being swung around. sounds fun. there are weights inside it and i fun. there are weights inside it and that spins around and that is what generates the energy. there are other devices like a long snake —like contraption that was devised by a company called polemics, which actually, i think means see stake in ancient greek.— ancient greek. that is made of five different carriages _ ancient greek. that is made of five different carriages and _ ancient greek. that is made of five different carriages and it _ ancient greek. that is made of five different carriages and it is i ancient greek. that is made of five different carriages and it is the i different carriages and it is the bits between those carriages that twist and turn and move alongside the wave movement and that is what harvests the movement of the ways and turns it into electricity. there is another device been tested there which sits on the sea bed and this kind of like a giant laptop, is shaped like this, and is the waves come and go it moves like this. again, that is quite an interesting design. what i think is quite interesting about motion is that the scottish government has put £3 million into this project, and that, as i say in the film there, is intended to power offshore oil and gas rigs at sea which are accounting for 3% of the uk�*s total carbon emissions. bill for 396 of the uk's total carbon emissions-— emissions. all this interesting stuff going — emissions. all this interesting stuff going on _ emissions. all this interesting stuff going on up _ emissions. all this interesting stuff going on up there i emissions. all this interesting stuff going on up there and i emissions. all this interesting | stuff going on up there and we emissions. all this interesting i stuff going on up there and we can see more on that on the programme you�*ve got on bbc, click, and the bbc news channel. well worth a watch there. these pockets of innovation, these have been happening all over these have been happening all over the place, but when do you think thatis the place, but when do you think that is going to tip over into the mainstream? are we going to see a green tech revolution in the next decade, do you think? the green tech revolution in the next decade, do you think?— green tech revolution in the next decade, do you think? the thing is, it's such a complex _ decade, do you think? the thing is, it's such a complex and _ decade, do you think? the thing is, it's such a complex and deep i decade, do you think? the thing is, it's such a complex and deep area, | it�*s such a complex and deep area, basically. when we look at renewable energy solutions, i think we are all pretty familiar with wind and solar so everyone has wind and solar farms, but things like wave energy converters, people may not be that familiar with. and the thing is, with wave energy devices, they can work at times where you don�*t have wind or solar, and work at times where you don�*t have wind orsolar, and in work at times where you don�*t have wind or solar, and in the uk, work at times where you don�*t have wind orsolar, and in the uk, last year, wind, there was loads of wind, and essentially it was a really good fuel source, but we�*ve actually had... ithink fuel source, but we�*ve actually had... i think wind power has gone down about 20% this year, and so there will be innovations in the renewable sector. i think companies and industry and the government are basically looking at utilising renewables in what they do, and they have got goals that they have set their game for, so if we were to get to net zero x 2045 in scotland, then we need to be looking at alternative solutions to what we are currently using. solutions to what we are currently usina. . ~ solutions to what we are currently usina. ., ~' ,, solutions to what we are currently usina. ., ~' , solutions to what we are currently usina. ., , . solutions to what we are currently usina. . , . ., using. thank you very much for the moment. chris _ using. thank you very much for the moment. chris stark _ using. thank you very much for the moment. chris stark is _ using. thank you very much for the moment. chris stark is still i using. thank you very much for the moment. chris stark is still with i moment. chris stark is still with us. we heard about all the innovation going on there, but let�*s get down to some brass tacks. we have set ourselves some pretty harsh targets, tough targets to meet about reducing our emissions to net zero. that is essentially balancing out what we put into the atmosphere with what we put into the atmosphere with what we put into the atmosphere with what we take out. and what we do with it. in scotland the target was 2045, in the rest of the uk it is 2050. are we anywhere on track getting that. 2050. are we anywhere on track getting that-— 2050. are we anywhere on track getting that. well, we are not on track for it. _ getting that. well, we are not on track for it, but _ getting that. well, we are not on track for it, but we _ getting that. well, we are not on track for it, but we are _ getting that. well, we are not on track for it, but we are doing ok. track for it, but we are doing 0k. really interesting to hear nick talking about innovations here, but one of the big areas where we have made progress in renewable energy generation and in scotland there�*s been lots of progress on that. that�*s really important but enough sadly. now we have to find ways to use all that renewable electricity and there are whole host of other things to do well. we can be untracked for those targets and that will be a really important part of the preparations for cop 26 this year. of the preparations for cop 26 this ear. , . . of the preparations for cop 26 this ear, . , ., ., of the preparations for cop 26 this ear. , ., ., ., year. just an and transport, there is a two really _ year. just an and transport, there is a two really big _ year. just an and transport, there is a two really big factors i year. just an and transport, there is a two really big factors and i year. just an and transport, there| is a two really big factors and they have come together in dramatic style recently with people panicking at the pumps for petrol with soaring gas prices, especially over the winter. we are still so heavily reliant on fossil fuels. do you think that governments are still sort of tinkering around the edges on this and shying away from having the really tough conversations? i do the really tough conversations? i do think we are — the really tough conversations? i rr think we are tinkering at the edges. progress being made in reducing emissions and generating electricity is great but we can�*t spank that. it's is great but we can�*t spank that. it�*s not enough. there are a whole host of other things we need to do. it's host of other things we need to do. it�*s notjust about government but the government is going to have to steer and leave that. in setting policies didn�*t scotland and the uk and they are not been set yet. the period ahead for us as trying to get that right. the key date is 2030 which is when we will need to be ready on our day—to—day light switch. things like boiler m using fossil fuels and the government is going to have to help us to get to that point. that is the challenge. just ten years is not long, is it? can i talk to you about oil, the debates on whether we are going to drill for new oil and did when you use the stuff that is there? what is your red line on that in terms of advice you are giving to governments? especially given the job is on the money that is in the industry? it�*s job is on the money that is in the indust ? �* . job is on the money that is in the indust ? �* , , , industry? it's quite simple actually- _ industry? it's quite simple actually. we _ industry? it's quite simple actually. we have i industry? it's quite simple actually. we have to i industry? it's quite simple actually. we have to get i industry? it's quite simple i actually. we have to get away industry? it's quite simple - actually. we have to get away from bending the stuff as quickly as possible. there will still be a role for oil in future. we use it in plastics and a host of areas in ways that don�*t cause climate change, so that don�*t cause climate change, so thatis that don�*t cause climate change, so that is important to say, but the size of the sector that we have had in scotland so far in the number of people working in that sector needs to shrink. we need to transition away from that being one of the most important sectors of the scottish economy and the uk economy into the host of new areas that we will need the new sectors we will need on the net zero world. there are a whole host of challenges we will need there. the challenge of governments and leaders is to pay the pave the way for that. how would you define success? that is such a hard _ how would you define success? trust is such a hard question. it is such a critical one because it�*s the first stop to globally that we�*ve had since the paris agreement was made and paris was a big moment globally in terms of the diplomacy there and we talked about temperature targets in paris. glasgow is going to be how we meet those targets and so the measure of success is through whether we can have agreements between the parties in the countries of the world, the world leaders literature on behalf of those countries, whether they can come together and get us on a path that points towards this temperature targets that were set in paris. the key thing is 1.5 c and that is the temperature threshold that was set in paris and keeping that alive is an outcome for the major test of what is going to be a success or not. fix. what is going to be a success or not. �* . , what is going to be a success or not. ~ , _ ., ., ., ., not. a busy time and not long to go. thank ou not. a busy time and not long to go. thank you very _ not. a busy time and not long to go. thank you very much _ not. a busy time and not long to go. thank you very much for guiding i not. a busy time and not long to go. thank you very much for guiding us. thank you very much for guiding us through all of that. imagine living somewhere where the taps literally run dry. south africa has been hit hard by drought and water shortages. in 2018, cape town came very close to running out of water entirely. they have been finding out how one community is coping. this region of south africa. the town is bone dry and the dams of dried up, the fisher dead and the coastal city, home to a million people is also running out of freshwater and the four dams that are supplied with water are a combined capacity of 12%. the largest dam is a 5% full. this is the eastern cape and the water here is at its lowest level since it was built in 1967. this area over there, those were the water should be but the levels of drop significantly and on the side, we have a dry riverbed and this is where water should be flowing coming out of the dam but it is no longer there but it�*s a stark indication of it is plagued this area. already experiencing intermittent water supply and residence of the impoverished township have no running water in their homes and their light on tracks for their survival. . brute tracks for their survival. . we stru: ale tracks for their survival. . - struggle because we have to wait for these tracks to come give us water and sometimes they come in and while you�*re waiting, they are already finished on the trucks and have to go back and meet me after a few days of the next day. go back and meet me after a few days of the next day-— of the next day. would have to go over there. _ of the next day. would have to go over there, to _ of the next day. would have to go over there, to those _ of the next day. would have to go over there, to those taps i of the next day. would have to go over there, to those taps and i over there, to those taps and they can't _ over there, to those taps and they can't even — over there, to those taps and they can't even carry anything and that is why— can't even carry anything and that is why i_ can't even carry anything and that is why i run— can't even carry anything and that is why i run after the water trucks when _ is why i run after the water trucks when they— is why i run after the water trucks when they come.— is why i run after the water trucks when they come. is why i run after the water trucks when the come. ~ , . when they come. with them drying up, the 're when they come. with them drying up, they're building — when they come. with them drying up, they're building a _ when they come. with them drying up, they're building a pipeline, _ when they come. with them drying up, they're building a pipeline, pump i they�*re building a pipeline, pump waterfrom they�*re building a pipeline, pump water from other dams across the country. and while printer dry spells, the severity of this drought could point to a changing climate. this area have suffered droughts every _ this area have suffered droughts every four— this area have suffered droughts every four to _ this area have suffered droughts every four to five _ this area have suffered droughts every four to five years - this area have suffered droughts every four to five years and i this area have suffered droughts every four to five years and so i this area have suffered droughts i every four to five years and so you could _ every four to five years and so you could say— every four to five years and so you could say that _ every four to five years and so you could say that it _ every four to five years and so you could say that it is— every four to five years and so you could say that it is already - every four to five years and so you could say that it is already the i could say that it is already the onset — could say that it is already the onset of — could say that it is already the onset of climate _ could say that it is already the onset of climate change i could say that it is already the onset of climate change and i could say that it is already the i onset of climate change and the experts — onset of climate change and the experts are _ onset of climate change and the experts are saying _ onset of climate change and the experts are saying that - onset of climate change and the experts are saying that less i experts are saying that less frequent _ experts are saying that less frequent rain, _ experts are saying that less frequent rain, but - experts are saying that less frequent rain, but will- experts are saying that less frequent rain, but will be i experts are saying that less i frequent rain, but will be more intense — frequent rain, but will be more intense. . , ., , ., intense. some citrus farmers have had to cut down _ intense. some citrus farmers have had to cut down their— intense. some citrus farmers have had to cut down their orchards i had to cut down their orchards because there�*s not enough water. not enough. jobs and livelihoods on the line. having a shortage of water in a six year drought. it the line. having a shortage of water in a six year drought.— in a six year drought. it breaks our in a six year drought. it breaks your heart- — in a six year drought. it breaks your heart. whenever- in a six year drought. it breaks your heart. whenever you i in a six year drought. it breaks| your heart. whenever you think in a six year drought. it breaks i your heart. whenever you think of it, it makes your head ache. it�*s like, this is your life and if it doesn�*t rain at all, even though i doesn�*t rain at all, even though i do believe it will, it means that we have invested for passing seven years, we�*ve invested is going to die. years, we've invested is going to die. ~ ., ., . , die. water for their crops, they cannot hold — die. water for their crops, they cannot hold on _ die. water for their crops, they cannot hold on for _ die. water for their crops, they cannot hold on for much i die. water for their crops, they | cannot hold on for much longer. water is life and for the people of the eastern cape, the wait for rain continues in this parched land. a real picture of how climate changes affecting communities the globe. what are we being asked to do and can we do it? let�*s check in with the families. challenge two. food, experts say eat less meat and more vegetables to have a lower environmental impact and source more locally. environmental impact and source more locall . . . environmental impact and source more locall . , , ., i environmental impact and source more locally-_ i love _ environmental impact and source more locally._ i love meat, i locally. this big one. i love meat, i am unapologetic _ locally. this big one. i love meat, i am unapologetic about - locally. this big one. i love meat, i am unapologetic about it. i'm i i am unapologetic about it. i'm auoin to i am unapologetic about it. i'm going to try — i am unapologetic about it. i'm going to try not _ i am unapologetic about it. i'm going to try not to waste anything this week — going to try not to waste anything this week inie— going to try not to waste anything this week. ~ ., ., ., ., this week. we are not going to the sho -s this week. we are not going to the shops today- _ this week. we are not going to the shops today. were _ this week. we are not going to the shops today. were getting i this week. we are not going to the shops today. were getting beef i this week. we are not going to the j shops today. were getting beef we succeeded without _ shops today. were getting beef we succeeded without meat. - shops today. were getting beef we succeeded without meat. this i shops today. were getting beef we succeeded without meat. this dish | shops today. were getting beef we i succeeded without meat. this dish we trade was _ succeeded without meat. this dish we trade was equally _ succeeded without meat. this dish we trade was equally satisfying _ succeeded without meat. this dish we trade was equally satisfying and i trade was equally satisfying and nourishing _ trade was equally satisfying and nourishing-— trade was equally satisfying and nourishinr. �*, ., ., , trade was equally satisfying and nourishinr. �*, ., ., i] nourishing. there's some potatoes. i have substituted _ nourishing. there's some potatoes. i have substituted meals _ nourishing. there's some potatoes. i have substituted meals for _ have substituted meals for vegetarian meals remake i did not mind _ vegetarian meals remake i did not mind that — vegetarian meals remake i did not mind that. . , vegetarian meals remake i did not mind that. ., , mind that. finally, can we live with three? bottles _ mind that. finally, can we live with three? bottles going _ mind that. finally, can we live with three? bottles going to _ mind that. finally, can we live with three? bottles going to the i mind that. finally, can we live with three? bottles going to the bottle | three? bottles going to the bottle ben. i three? bottles going to the bottle ben- i cannot _ three? bottles going to the bottle ben. i cannot believe _ three? bottles going to the bottle ben. i cannot believe how- three? bottles going to the bottle ben. i cannot believe how much i three? bottles going to the bottle j ben. i cannot believe how much is three? bottles going to the bottle i ben. i cannot believe how much is in lastic. ben. i cannot believe how much is in plastic- the — ben. i cannot believe how much is in plastic. the kids _ ben. i cannot believe how much is in plastic. the kids are _ ben. i cannot believe how much is in plastic. the kids are reusing i ben. i cannot believe how much is in plastic. the kids are reusing single i plastic. the kids are reusing single use packaging- _ plastic. the kids are reusing single use packaging- - — plastic. the kids are reusing single use packaging. . and _ plastic. the kids are reusing single use packaging. . and glasgow, i plastic. the kids are reusing single use packaging. . and glasgow, iti plastic. the kids are reusing single| use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious— use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious stop _ use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious stop at _ use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious stop at nothing i use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious stop at nothing in i use packaging. . and glasgow, it is not obvious stop at nothing in the i not obvious stop at nothing in the been so far for the standard. isu’lien been so far for the standard. when foodwa s been so far for the standard. when foodways swings _ been so far for the standard. when foodways swings up _ been so far for the standard. when foodways swings up here, - been so far for the standard. when foodways swings up here, it - been so far for the standard. when foodways swings up here, it creates methane which we need to avoid. walking with morty vegetables to put in a bin doesn't seem to exist. it in a bin doesn't seem to exist. it has in a bin doesn't seem to exist. has really in a bin doesn't seem to exist. it has really been an eye—opener for us. has really been an eye-opener for us. , ., , ., , , us. everyone is doing their best in eve one us. everyone is doing their best in everyone new _ us. everyone is doing their best in everyone now realises _ us. everyone is doing their best in everyone now realises that - us. everyone is doing their best in everyone now realises that the . us. everyone is doing their best in i everyone now realises that the need to change. everyone now realises that the need to chance. ., , ., ., to change. harriet is here and for us thins to change. harriet is here and for us things for— to change. harriet is here and for us things for us, _ to change. harriet is here and for us things for us, have _ to change. harriet is here and for us things for us, have you - to change. harriet is here and for us things for us, have you found | to change. harriet is here and for. us things for us, have you found the right bin or r—truth will vegetables doing your house? the? right bin or r-truth will vegetables doing your house?— right bin or r-truth will vegetables doing your house? they have taken them to the — doing your house? they have taken them to the area _ doing your house? they have taken them to the area to _ doing your house? they have taken them to the area to be _ doing your house? they have taken them to the area to be turned - doing your house? they have taken| them to the area to be turned in the compost and i did contact the council and they are updating their website and maps so other people don't go off on a wild goose chase for things that have been removed. it is really interesting to see how these families are adapting and what was this main thing that you took away from doing? for was this main thing that you took away from doing?— away from doing? for all of us, really empowering _ away from doing? for all of us, really empowering to _ away from doing? for all of us, really empowering to learn - away from doing? for all of us, i really empowering to learn about away from doing? for all of us, - really empowering to learn about the things we can do for a significant simple changes in our lifestyles to make a difference. but i think also we cannot shy away from the fact that it shouldn't all be on individual shoulders because we saw individual shoulders because we saw in the pieces, we were hit and brick walls put a red of times into shows thatis walls put a red of times into shows that is a bigger picture and it cannot be all in our soldiers. it needs to be easier for us to make the right choices sometimes. you need a bit of help on that. just before we go, good news for the bus travel challenge. i before we go, good news for the bus travel challenge.— travel challenge. i contacted the com an travel challenge. i contacted the company and — travel challenge. i contacted the company and they _ travel challenge. i contacted the company and they were - travel challenge. i contacted the company and they were really i travel challenge. i contacted the i company and they were really keen for christine and her family to have a better experience on public transport and onjanuary, people in the 22 would be able to travel on the buses for free.— the 22 would be able to travel on the buses for free. you've done a treat 'ob the buses for free. you've done a greatiob in _ the buses for free. you've done a greatiob in our— the buses for free. you've done a great job in our next _ the buses for free. you've done a great job in our next challenge i the buses for free. you've done a great job in our next challenge is| greatjob in our next challenge is to find another one for you. we are in scotland and we cannot get enough chats about the weather, can we and ditching of that are forecasters of a team of weather watch is taking pictures and helping keep track of what is happening all of the country. our weather team has been chatting to the people behind the pictures. chatting to the people behind the ictures. ., , _, chatting to the people behind the ictures. ., , . , , chatting to the people behind the ictures. ., . , , ., pictures. you become celebrities to us. sam. pictures. you become celebrities to us- sam- can _ pictures. you become celebrities to us- sam- can you— pictures. you become celebrities to us. sam. can you show— pictures. you become celebrities to us. sam. can you show us - pictures. you become celebrities to us. sam. can you show us where i pictures. you become celebrities to | us. sam. can you show us where you are in the map? _ us. sam. can you show us where you are in the map? here _ us. sam. can you show us where you are in the map? here is _ us. sam. can you show us where you are in the map? here is the - are in the map? here is the water stability you _ are in the map? here is the water stability you show _ are in the map? here is the water stability you show us _ are in the map? here is the water stability you show us as well? i are in the map? here is the water| stability you show us as well? that is m hell stability you show us as well? that is my hell in _ stability you show us as well? that is my hell in front _ stability you show us as well? that is my hell in front of _ stability you show us as well? that is my hell in front of us. _ stability you show us as well? that is my hell in front of us. i - is my hell in front of us. recognise the roof, you is my hell in front of us.“ recognise the roof, you — is my hell in front of us]. recognise the roof, you — that is the water— recognise the roof, you — that is the water in _ recognise the roof, you — that is the water in front of us. recognise the roof, you - that is the water in front of us. changing weather wise _ the water in front of us. changing weather wise in _ the water in front of us. changing weather wise in your _ the water in front of us. changing weather wise in your area. - the water in front of us. changing weather wise in your area. is i weatherwise in yourarea. is actually changed quite a bit and for the last— actually changed quite a bit and for the last five — actually changed quite a bit and for the last five years, _ actually changed quite a bit and for the last five years, the _ actually changed quite a bit and for the last five years, the river- actually changed quite a bit and for the last five years, the river in i the last five years, the river in the last five years, the river in the past — the last five years, the river in the past three _ the last five years, the river in the past three years, - the last five years, the river in the past three years, i- the last five years, the river in the past three years, i have i the last five years, the river in i the past three years, i have never seen _ the past three years, i have never seen it— the past three years, i have never seen it so — the past three years, i have never seen it so hie _ the past three years, i have never seen it so-— the past three years, i have never seen it so. ~ ., ., , seen it so. we never got to 'ust 27- 30, seen it so. we never got to 'ust 27- 30. semn — seen it so. we never got to 'ust 27- 30. semn on i seen it so. we never got to 'ust 27- 30, sermon on september. i seen it so. we never got to just 27- 30, sermon on september. we i seen it so. we never got to just 27- 30, sermon on september. we are | 30, sermon on september. we are caettin 30, sermon on september. we are getting events — 30, sermon on september. we are getting events that _ 30, sermon on september. we are getting events that we _ 30, sermon on september. we are getting events that we never - 30, sermon on september. we are getting events that we never got i getting events that we never got before — getting events that we never got before. the beast from the east a few years — before. the beast from the east a few years ago, snowed in here for six days — few years ago, snowed in here for six da s. ., ,, few years ago, snowed in here for six da s. ., i. ., few years ago, snowed in here for six da s. ., ., ., , few years ago, snowed in here for six da s. ., i. ., ., , ., six days. have you got anything and mother watching. _ six days. have you got anything and mother watching. i _ six days. have you got anything and mother watching. i gotten - six days. have you got anything and mother watching. i gotten a - six days. have you got anything and mother watching. i gotten a betterl mother watching. i gotten a better time my life _ mother watching. i gotten a better time my life and _ mother watching. i gotten a better time my life and i _ mother watching. i gotten a better time my life and i have _ mother watching. i gotten a better time my life and i have found i mother watching. i gotten a better time my life and i have found a i mother watching. i gotten a better| time my life and i have found a new thing to get started on and do some of the weather watching them put some pictures and ifigured i'd give that a try in a pretty picture in it i was hooked.— that a try in a pretty picture in it i was hooked. pushed up, it took a few sna -s i was hooked. pushed up, it took a few snaps and _ i was hooked. pushed up, it took a few snaps and it's _ i was hooked. pushed up, it took a few snaps and it's become - few snaps and it's become an addiction _ few snaps and it's become an addiction. and _ few snaps and it's become an addiction. and you _ few snaps and it's become an addiction. and you need i few snaps and it's become an addiction. and you need to i few snaps and it's become an i addiction. and you need to know few snaps and it's become an - addiction. and you need to know the weathen _ addiction. and you need to know the weathen ln — addiction. and you need to know the weather. ., ._ , .., addiction. and you need to know the weather. ., , , ., , weather. in what ways can you see that the weather _ weather. in what ways can you see that the weather has _ weather. in what ways can you see that the weather has changed i weather. in what ways can you see that the weather has changed overi that the weather has changed over the years? that the weather has changed over the ears? ~ ., ., , that the weather has changed over the ears? a, ., , ., the years? more wind than we used to have, the years? more wind than we used to have. coastal— the years? more wind than we used to have, coastal erosion. _ the years? more wind than we used to have, coastal erosion. more _ the years? more wind than we used to have, coastal erosion. more and morei have, coastal erosion. more and more rain now and — have, coastal erosion. more and more rain now and more _ have, coastal erosion. more and more rain now and more and _ have, coastal erosion. more and more rain now and more and more - have, coastal erosion. more and more rain now and more and more floods. l rain now and more and more floods. you to— rain now and more and more floods. you to her_ rain now and more and more floods. you to her old — rain now and more and more floods. you to her old pals _ rain now and more and more floods. you to her old pals and _ rain now and more and more floods. you to her old pals and it's - you to her old pals and it's become quite a competition. we you to her old pals and it's become quite a competition.— quite a competition. we did for an entire year — quite a competition. we did for an entire year to _ quite a competition. we did for an entire year to see _ quite a competition. we did for an entire year to see many _ quite a competition. we did for an entire year to see many pictures l quite a competition. we did for an l entire year to see many pictures we could get on the telly. {line entire year to see many pictures we could get on the telly.— could get on the telly. one of our nictures could get on the telly. one of our pictures made — could get on the telly. one of our pictures made the _ could get on the telly. one of our pictures made the national- could get on the telly. one of our. pictures made the national weather and we _ pictures made the national weather and we got two points for that. one point _ and we got two points for that. one point for_ and we got two points for that. one point for reporting scotland. tell me who won- — point for reporting scotland. tell me who won. sam _ point for reporting scotland. tell me who won. sam was _ point for reporting scotland. tell me who won. sam was four i point for reporting scotland. tell. me who won. sam was four points ahead on the _ me who won. sam was four points ahead on the 31st _ me who won. sam was four points ahead on the 31st of— me who won. sam was four points ahead on the 31st of december. i l me who won. sam was four points i ahead on the 31st of december. i had him in the back. _ ahead on the 31st of december. i had him in the back. i _ ahead on the 31st of december. i had him in the back. i thought, _ ahead on the 31st of december. i had him in the back. i thought, i- ahead on the 31st of december. i had him in the back. i thought, i got- him in the back. i thought, i got to national pictures _ him in the back. i thought, i got to national pictures so, _ him in the back. i thought, i got to national pictures so, it _ him in the back. i thought, i got to national pictures so, it was - national pictures so, it was actually a _ national pictures so, it was actually a draw.— national pictures so, it was actually a draw. national pictures so, it was actuall a draw. ., ~ , ., ., ., ., actually a draw. thank you to all of our weather _ actually a draw. thank you to all of our weather watchers _ actually a draw. thank you to all of our weather watchers out - actually a draw. thank you to all of our weather watchers out there i actually a draw. thank you to all of| our weather watchers out there and thatis our weather watchers out there and that is always got time for tonight. thank you for spending this hour with us. the bbc will have a wide range of coverage as we head towards the 26th. we are going to leave you with this poem from one of the entrance and the bbc radio scotland's climate competition. is this something so bad enough it is considered fine? is there something so horrible that it considered so enlightening was make is this something so unfair that nobody cares? is there something so horrible, tough and strange, it is something with the label climate change. it is something so sad for all around and get so strong to keep us bound. it is something i hope will force us to try because all i can do now is cry. it is something to make us make smarter ways to be kinder, nicerthan to make us make smarter ways to be kinder, nicer than we are today. it's something to share was to really think hard about everything we have done to get to this card. my my hopes, my dreams, they are all good, but so are many others. which is why we should come and join together. i only really have one wish, as simple as it is. i know it may never happen but all i hope for is peace. i want to see my world, our world smiling so happily. us being happy that our world is cooled. i ask you to bring any peace you have to the world, any little piece of hope. this is bbc news. joe biden admits it is a precarious moment for democrats, and its sweeping economic agenda. tonight in washington, they are locked in intense negotiation ahead of a series of make or break votes for the head of the party. the bill is passed. one vote has gone through. the us has agreed a stopgap measure. that appears to have headed off the complete federal shutdown by tonight's deadline. the uk police officer that kidnapped, raped and murdered sarah everard will spend the rest of his life in jail. murdered sarah everard will spend the rest of his life injail. he will never be released. we will discuss the case at length tonight with the former met police officer

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