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The impact of reservations for the Scheduled Castes as village heads (pradhans) is examined on school and governance outcomes. In general, SC reservation is not associated with improved outcomes. The impact differs spatially, based on past history of landlord or non-landlord control under British colonial rule. In historically landlord areas with greater presence of dominant
actually believe, for example, in the standards but want the time to adapt and model and actually make sure they can differentiate to the needs of children. do you think teachers bear any burden at all, any blame, if you will, for the fact that american students are not only being stagnant but are 15 years old losing in math and science and reading and overall standings. i m a huge believers in raising teachers pay and elevating teachers to be the world-class important profession, critical profession. i think it s a national security issue. there s also the question of teacher accountability. some people are not natural born teachers. we all have to do a better job. as you and i have talked about
chunk of money that these states could qualify for. that is form of national policy coercion, is it not? i don t think coercion, i think they try to incentivise. in indiana, the governor there decided he was going not to participate in federal dollars. there is a stall wart states rights guy that realize we are cheating on ourselves if we don t have standards. i do think the federal government should and can incentivise standards but to the teacher accountability and charter schools and nobody was complaining about that. they thought that was great. why shouldn t they inconvenient size demanding standards? paul: you take massachusetts that had a reform in 1993 that imposed terrific standards. you saw test scores and
states could qualify for? that s a form of national policy coercion, is it not? i wouldn t say it s coercion. i certainly think they try to incentivize. think there s a difference. for example, in indiana, governor there decided that he was going to mitch daniel decided he was going to not participate in the federal dollars. but he had not become core because he thought he was right. he realized that we re kidding ourselves if we don t have demanding standards. so he wasn t incentivized financially. i think the federal government should and can incentivize, just like not only did they do that with standards, they incentivize teacher accountability, incentivized charter schools and nobody was complaining about that. people thought that was great. why shouldn t they incentivize demanding standards? paul: here is another objection i hear, which is you take the example of massachusetts, which had a reform in 1993 which imposed really terrific standards and you saw test scores and