The impact of reservations for the Scheduled Castes as village heads (pradhans) is examined on school and governance outcomes. In general, SC reservation is not associated with improved outcomes. The impact differs spatially, based on past history of landlord or non-landlord control under British colonial rule. In historically landlord areas with greater presence of dominant
Indonesian President Joko Widodo has called on State agencies to fight corruption in public services by improving service quality, including stepping up digitalisation.