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Researchers identify potential therapeutic target to prevent neurodegeneration after a stroke Researchers with the Peter O Donnell Jr. Brain Institute at UT Southwestern have identified a new protein implicated in cell death that provides a potential therapeutic target that could prevent or delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases following a stroke. Scientists from the departments of pathology, neurology, biochemistry, and pharmacology at UTSW have identified and named AIF3, an alternate form of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a protein that is critical for maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Once released from mitochondria, AIF triggers processes that induce a type of programmed cell death. ....
The nervous system In a new study, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have gained new insights into how signal molecules are transported in some of the longest cells in the nervous system. The discovery is made by examining the transport process in fruit flies. The researchers hope that the results can contribute to understanding human illnesses such as neuropathy and neurodegenerative disease. Photo: Colourbox The nervous system is the internet of the human body and can in the same way transfer signals over long distances very quickly. Some of the most important elements in this signaling are the axons. They are projections of the nerve cells which send signals to other nerve cells or muscles. For instance, axons that jut out from nerve cells in the spinal cord can be over one meter long. ....
Date Time Technique allows mapping of epigenetic information in single cells at scale Decoding epigenomic information from individual cells from the mouse brain. Histones are attached to DNA as beads on a string, with different versions decorating the genome as “epigenetic stickers”, labelling which genes are turned on or off. The method single-cell CUT&Tag allows to examine tens of thousands of single cells at the same time to determine their histone profiles. Illustration by Amagoia Agirre. Histones are tiny proteins that bind to DNA and hold information that can help turn on or off individual genes. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a technique that makes it possible to examine how different versions of histones bind to the genome in tens of thousands of individual cells simultanously. The technique was applied to the mouse brain and can be used to study epigenetics at a single-cell level in other complex tissues. The study is published in Natu ....
Date Time Imaging helps understand empathy loss in dementia A patient with frontotemporal dementia discovers his grandson’s birthday cake in the fridge. He doesn’t think twice before getting out a knife and fork and eating every last piece an hour before the birthday party is set to begin. For patients with this early-onset neurodegenerative disease, some of the first symptoms are a profound loss of inhibition and empathy, which leads to a change in social behaviour that is completely out of character. “He wasn’t thinking about his grandson at all; and typically, that loss of empathy extends even for those things where empathy is usually most robust, for example toward pets or grandchildren,” said Dr. Elizabeth Finger, associate professor at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry and a neurologist at St. Joseph’s Health Care London. ....
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and a risk factor for early-onset dementia. The injury is characterized by a physical insult followed acutely by complement driven neuroinflammation. ....