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P2X7R in Mast Cells is a Potential Target for Salicylic Acid and Aspir


7 P2X receptors carry out many important functions in the central and peripheral nervous system.
8,9 Compelling evidence has shown that P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pain.
10 P2X7R exists in neurons and glial cells of the nervous system, but is mainly expressed in cells of immune origin such as monocytes, macrophages, and microglia.
11 The absence of P2X7R can completely eliminate the inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity to both mechanical and temperature stimulation.
12–14 P2X7R in microglia plays an important role in chronic neuropathy and inflammatory pain by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. ....

United States , Johns Hopkins , Tocris Bioscience , Research Collaboratory , Shanghai Institute Of Biochemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Dong Lab , Protein Data Bank , Molecular Devices Inc , Committee Of Nanjing University Chinese Medicine , A Molecular Devices Inc , Animal Care , Use Committee , Nanjing University , Chinese Medicine , Alomone Labs , Vazyme Biotech , Taq Mastermix , Master Mix , Assay Kit , Yuanye Biotech , Rabbit Anti P , Mouse Peritoneal Mast Cell , Shanghai Institute , Genscript Biotech , Cell Current Clamp Recordings ,

Metabolically engineered stem cell–derived exosomes to regulate macrophage heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis


Abstract
Despite the remarkable advances in therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a large number of patients still lack effective countermeasures. Recently, the reprogramming of macrophages to an immunoregulatory phenotype has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA. Here, we report metabolically engineered exosomes that have been surface-modified for the targeted reprogramming of macrophages. Qualified exosomes were readily harvested from metabolically engineered stem cells by tangential flow filtration at a high yield while maintaining their innate immunomodulatory components. When systemically administered into mice with collagen-induced arthritis, these exosomes effectively accumulated in the inflamed joints, inducing a cascade of anti-inflammatory events via macrophage phenotype regulation. The level of therapeutic efficacy obtained with bare exosomes was achievable with the engineered exosomes of 10 times less dose. On the basis of the boosted nature to ....

United States , Soult Ukpyolsi , South Korea , Castillay Leóp , Republic Of Korea , Takara Bio , Exosomes Exos , Leica Biosystems , Bioanalyzer Santa Clara , Analyte Elisarray , Exos Msc , Korea Basic Science Institute National Research Facilities , Younglin Co , Science Research Programs , Korea Basic Science Institute , Agilent Technologies , National Research Foundation , Sungkyunkwan University , Central Lab Animal Inc , Ministry Of Health Welfare , Exostemtech Inc , Aldrich Co , Ministry Of Education , Equipment Center , Hyclone Laboratories Inc , Spectrum Laboratories Inc ,