Transcripts For BBCNEWS The Context with Christian Fraser 20

the british economy is likely to shrink over the next year, and , by the end of this year, inflation will reach more than 10%. tonight with the context, director of uk in a changing europe anand menon — and republican strategist rina shah. hello and welcome to the show, the world health organization describes the following figure as sobering. the covid—19 pandemic is estimated to have caused almost 15 million excess deaths worldwide — nearly three times the number officially reported. it includes deaths directly from the virus — as well as those caused indirectly because people were unable to access treatment for other illnesses, like cancer. take a look at this graph. the shaded area in grey is the declared deaths during 2020 and 2021. the pink line above it, the estimated deaths over the same period from the w.h.0. — with that huge spike in the middle of last year. most of the excess deaths occurred in the americas, europe and south east asia. the wave that swept across south america last year saw peru record the most excess deaths per 100,000 of population — with 437. russia had the next highest figure with 367. india was hit by the delta variant which resulted in a figure of 171, while the united states — which is set to pass a total of1 million covid—related deaths in the coming days — was at 1110. the uk's excess deaths per 100,000 stood at 109 — behind it's european neighbours of italy, germany and spain — but still above the global average of 96. the death toll was higher amongst men, older adults and people in lower—middle income countries. here's dr samira asma from the world health organisation. reporting deaths from covid—19 is important to monitor the impact of the pandemic and the response. it is important to save lives and for us all to be better prepared for future emergencies. well lets bring in dr krisha u—die—ah—kumar for more on this. are you shocked by this? kate is a staa caerin are you shocked by this? kate is a staggering member _ are you shocked by this? kate is a staggering member and _ are you shocked by this? kate is a staggering member and it - are you shocked by this? kate is a staggering member and it is - are you shocked by this? kate is a staggering member and it is quite | staggering member and it is quite serious but it is not surprising. we have known from the beginning we are doing a poorjob of counting infections as well as counting deaths. it is important for the world health organization as a central body to liberty come out with his number and this analysis but we have other groups come out with models and projection over the last few months that have shown the same range anywhere from 15 to 20 million excess deaths. mit? same range anywhere from 15 to 20 million excess deaths.— million excess deaths. why do you think there — million excess deaths. why do you think there is _ million excess deaths. why do you think there is a _ million excess deaths. why do you think there is a disparity _ million excess deaths. why do you think there is a disparity between l think there is a disparity between what we have been told by some countries and what the reality is? it's a combination of factors. in many countries we do not have systems and data that is accurate yet. so the systems themselves have to be built up because nobody is counting. unfortunately many of the deaths that are happening. secondly because the testing was not always done that may not be categorised as related to covid—19 and so would not show up under the covid—19 statistics. and third, we know there are political reasons that leaders may not want to report how high these figures actually are because it may undermine their own credibility. it may undermine their own credibility-— it may undermine their own credibili . ~ . , ,, credibility. we are seeing the us approaching _ credibility. we are seeing the us approaching that _ credibility. we are seeing the us approaching that 1 _ credibility. we are seeing the us approaching that 1 million - credibility. we are seeing the us approaching that 1 million figure | credibility. we are seeing the us l approaching that1 million figure of deaths resulting from covid—19. why do you think the us has been hit hard like that? the do you think the us has been hit hard like that?— do you think the us has been hit hard like that? the us has had an unfortunate _ hard like that? the us has had an unfortunate series _ hard like that? the us has had an unfortunate series of _ hard like that? the us has had an unfortunate series of factors - hard like that? the us has had an| unfortunate series of factors which comes all the way back to political leadership. before the pandemic, external organisations judge the us uk in fact as the two most prepared countries for an outbreak for a pandemic and we had seen them both fall woefully short of their potential. it has come down to political leadership and come down to a lack of commitment to see it through and unfortunately much of our response has become politcised as opposed to following the science and following public health. we'll chat more in a minute, but if you were watching on wednesday, you'll have seen christian talking to dr anthony fauci — president's biden's chief medical adviser. it's now nearly two and a half years since covid—19 infections started to spread across the world. a few hours ago, the w:h.o. said all countries need to invest in more resilient health systems. dr fauci told us what he believed the world needed to do to combat the future spread of variants. he also gave us his throughts on when we could expect the next global pandemic to hit. the idea about not only responding to this outbreak but putting in place with lessons learned how we might be better prepared for the next pandemic and one of the reasons why sometimes that's difficult is that you can't predict when the next pandemic could be. it could be a year from now or it could be a0 years from now. but that's the reason why it when you talk about preparedness you have to realise that you must sustain preparedness otherwise you will get caught. protection is not lifelong. it's different from measles and polio and smallpox where if you get infected or you get vaccinated you are good for a lifetime. mostly because those viruses don't have very many variants. they are pretty constant viruses. the ones that we have seen a decade or two ago it's the same measles we are seeing now. i wanted to bring him to doctor fauci coming. you agree with what he is saying about the future? absolutely. two years into this pandemic where we treated it as an emergency or crisis we have got to shift that to be more about sustainable long—term covid—19 control. everything we do has to not just fix the acute problem now, but also make sure we are better prepared for the future and also that our health systems are better at treating all the other health challenges that they have to face. we can look at things like surveillance, data systems, supply chains, building up those capabilities let help with covid—19, let help with protection and preparation and will help with things like essential health services and primary care. here are our ruest services and primary care. here are our guest panelists. _ services and primary care. here are our guest panelists. were - services and primary care. here are our guest panelists. were you - our guest panelists. were you surprised when you read the figure of 50 million? i surprised when you read the figure of 50 million?— surprised when you read the figure of 50 million? i was a bit surprised because reporting _ of 50 million? i was a bit surprised because reporting has— of 50 million? i was a bit surprised because reporting has been - of 50 million? i was a bit surprised because reporting has been so - because reporting has been so confusing at least here us ask state side i_ confusing at least here us ask state side i can— confusing at least here us ask state side i can say that a course two years— side i can say that a course two years is— side i can say that a course two years is a — side i can say that a course two years is a long time now that so many— years is a long time now that so many of— years is a long time now that so many of us _ years is a long time now that so many of us have forgotten almost about _ many of us have forgotten almost about that freeze on contact tracing and as_ about that freeze on contact tracing and as somebody who studied health at a graduate level, i can tell you i at a graduate level, i can tell you i get _ at a graduate level, i can tell you i get that— at a graduate level, i can tell you i get that in— at a graduate level, i can tell you i get that in the early 2000 and at that time — i get that in the early 2000 and at that time i— i get that in the early 2000 and at that time i had never imagined delilah — that time i had never imagined delilah stating our nations capital that we _ delilah stating our nations capital that we as a country would experience what we've experienced over the _ experience what we've experienced over the past two years. the tone of this pandemic on every aspect of life and — this pandemic on every aspect of life and this is true globally of course — life and this is true globally of course i_ life and this is true globally of course. i can speak here in america and sitting — course. i can speak here in america and sitting in— course. i can speak here in america and sitting in the nations capital i can say— and sitting in the nations capital i can say one — and sitting in the nations capital i can say one thing was for sure i never_ can say one thing was for sure i never expected so much confusion at the federal— never expected so much confusion at the federal level when the time to make _ the federal level when the time to make first — the federal level when the time to make first hit i shores. i felt we were _ make first hit i shores. i felt we were better prepared and trust that our leaders to do better for us. of course _ our leaders to do better for us. of course we — our leaders to do better for us. of course we know america is complicated by the way our states work _ complicated by the way our states work our— complicated by the way our states work. our state executives and governors _ work. our state executives and governors and those leaders it seems every— governors and those leaders it seems every american had a different experience based on their daily lives _ experience based on their daily lives and _ experience based on their daily lives. and so when we talk about figures _ lives. and so when we talk about figures globally i think i actually over the — figures globally i think i actually over the course of these two years have _ over the course of these two years have turned — over the course of these two years have turned toward somebody who is quite sceptical of how governments have reported and i am still questioning how effective of a job my country and his administration despite _ my country and his administration despite the one that was in power when _ despite the one that was in power when the — despite the one that was in power when the pandemic first hit our shores— when the pandemic first hit our shores i— when the pandemic first hit our shores i will say and not sure who to trust— shores i will say and not sure who to trust and — shores i will say and not sure who to trust and this was not something that i_ to trust and this was not something that i ever— to trust and this was not something that i ever expected myself to feel at this— that i ever expected myself to feel at this point in my life. i mean an annual— at this point in my life. i mean an annual hut— at this point in my life. i mean an annual but i— at this point in my life. i mean an annual but i will say this, they trust — annual but i will say this, they trust in — annual but i will say this, they trust in institutions we have here has eroded — trust in institutions we have here has eroded rapidly and if this continues to trend this meet more americans— continues to trend this meet more americans are to be sceptical when each public— americans are to be sceptical when each public health emergency hits us personaiiy~ _ each public health emergency hits us personally. do each public health emergency hits us ersonall . ~ ., ., personally. do you think of fatigue is startin: personally. do you think of fatigue is starting to _ personally. do you think of fatigue is starting to hit _ personally. do you think of fatigue is starting to hit and _ personally. do you think of fatigue is starting to hit and that - personally. do you think of fatigue is starting to hit and that could - is starting to hit and that could potentially have an impact going forward on how people react if we do see another version of this pandemic? i see another version of this pandemic?— see another version of this pandemic? see another version of this andemic? ., , ,, .,~ ., pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that — pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but _ pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but yes _ pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but yes i _ pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but yes i think- pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but yes i think ms. - pandemic? i can only speak for the uk on that but yes i think ms. a i uk on that but yes i think ms. a sense _ uk on that but yes i think ms. a sense of— uk on that but yes i think ms. a sense of covid—19 _ uk on that but yes i think ms. a sense of covid—19 fatigue - uk on that but yes i think ms. a sense of covid—19 fatigue and l sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have _ sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen— sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen that _ sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen that in _ sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen that in terms - sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen that in terms of - sense of covid—19 fatigue and we have seen that in terms of the i have seen that in terms of the rapidly— have seen that in terms of the rapidly failing _ have seen that in terms of the rapidly falling numbers - have seen that in terms of the rapidly falling numbers of- have seen that in terms of the i rapidly falling numbers of people wearing — rapidly falling numbers of people wearing masks— rapidly falling numbers of people wearing masks even _ rapidly falling numbers of people wearing masks even on - rapidly falling numbers of people wearing masks even on public. wearing masks even on public transport _ wearing masks even on public transport and _ wearing masks even on public transport and achieve - wearing masks even on public transport and achieve in - wearing masks even on public. transport and achieve in london wearing masks even on public- transport and achieve in london and one of— transport and achieve in london and one of the _ transport and achieve in london and one of the useful— transport and achieve in london and one of the useful and _ transport and achieve in london and one of the useful and interesting . one of the useful and interesting things— one of the useful and interesting things about _ one of the useful and interesting things about the _ one of the useful and interesting things about the report - one of the useful and interesting things about the report today, i one of the useful and interesting. things about the report today, not only the _ things about the report today, not only the fact — things about the report today, not only the fact that _ things about the report today, not only the fact that it's _ things about the report today, not only the fact that it's good - things about the report today, not only the fact that it's good to - only the fact that it's good to have data collected _ only the fact that it's good to have data collected across _ only the fact that it's good to have data collected across the - only the fact that it's good to have data collected across the world - only the fact that it's good to have i data collected across the world with the same _ data collected across the world with the same methodology— data collected across the world with the same methodology which - data collected across the world with the same methodology which will i data collected across the world with l the same methodology which will help us to leam— the same methodology which will help us to learn from _ the same methodology which will help us to learn from our— the same methodology which will help us to learn from our experience - the same methodology which will help us to learn from our experience with l us to learn from our experience with covid-i9 _ us to learn from our experience with covid-i9 but — us to learn from our experience with covid—19 but also _ us to learn from our experience with covid—19 but also it _ us to learn from our experience with covid—19 but also it reminds - us to learn from our experience with covid—19 but also it reminds us - us to learn from our experience with covid—19 but also it reminds us thatl covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid-i9 _ covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid-i9 is — covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid—19 is their— covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid—19 is their right _ covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid—19 is their right in _ covid—19 but also it reminds us that covid—19 is their right in some - covid—19 is their right in some parts — covid—19 is their right in some parts of— covid—19 is their right in some parts of the _ covid—19 is their right in some parts of the world _ covid—19 is their right in some parts of the world and - covid—19 is their right in some parts of the world and as - covid—19 is their right in some parts of the world and as longj covid—19 is their right in some i parts of the world and as long as covid—19 is their right in some - parts of the world and as long as it still rice _ parts of the world and as long as it still rice there _ parts of the world and as long as it still rice there is _ parts of the world and as long as it still rice there is the _ parts of the world and as long as it still rice there is the danger- still rice there is the danger of mutation _ still rice there is the danger of mutation and _ still rice there is the danger of mutation and new— still rice there is the danger of mutation and new variance - still rice there is the danger of| mutation and new variance and still rice there is the danger of. mutation and new variance and of still rice there is the danger of- mutation and new variance and of it coming _ mutation and new variance and of it coming back— mutation and new variance and of it coming back against _ mutation and new variance and of it coming back against which - mutation and new variance and of it coming back against which we - mutation and new variance and of it coming back against which we are l mutation and new variance and of it l coming back against which we are not properly— coming back against which we are not properly vaccinated _ coming back against which we are not properly vaccinated as _ coming back against which we are not properly vaccinated as doctor - coming back against which we are not properly vaccinated as doctor fauci i properly vaccinated as doctor fauci was seeing — properly vaccinated as doctor fauci was seeing so _ properly vaccinated as doctor fauci was seeing so we _ properly vaccinated as doctor fauci was seeing so we should _ properly vaccinated as doctor faucil was seeing so we should remember covid-i9 _ was seeing so we should remember covid-i9 is — was seeing so we should remember covid-i9 is not _ was seeing so we should remember covid—19 is not gone _ was seeing so we should remember covid—19 is not gone until— was seeing so we should remember covid—19 is not gone until it's - was seeing so we should remember covid—19 is not gone until it's gonel covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere — covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere and _ covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere and if _ covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere and if that's _ covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere and if that's not - covid—19 is not gone until it's gone everywhere and if that's not going | everywhere and if that's not going to happen — everywhere and if that's not going to happen we _ everywhere and if that's not going to happen we need _ everywhere and if that's not going to happen we need to— everywhere and if that's not going to happen we need to be - everywhere and if that's not going to happen we need to be putting i to happen we need to be putting precautionary— to happen we need to be putting precautionary measures - to happen we need to be putting precautionary measures in - to happen we need to be putting precautionary measures in place| to happen we need to be putting. precautionary measures in place for the future — precautionary measures in place for the future is — precautionary measures in place for the future. , ., ., precautionary measures in place for thefuture. , . ., ., , . the future. is that a realistic oint of the future. is that a realistic point of view? _ the future. is that a realistic point of view? it _ the future. is that a realistic point of view? it is. - the future. is that a realistic point of view? it is. we - the future. is that a realistic point of view? it is. we will| point of view? it is. we will transition _ point of view? it is. we will transition at _ point of view? it is. we will transition at some - point of view? it is. we will transition at some point - point of view? it is. we will. transition at some point from point of view? it is. we will- transition at some point from this being a pandemic to an endemic disease so it will not go away. we don't really have a realistic pathway for eradication but what we know is we have developed a science and we have the tools to do much better than we have so far. we have got effective vaccines and there is a lot of work happening on the next generation vaccines that will be even better. we have got or anti—viral drugs that can help save lives and protect vulnerable health systems. we have been much too little to make sure people around the world get access to those life—saving medications. we have a better understanding of when masks should be used in lend other public health measures should be applied in more focused ways. if we follow the science we can make sure we are saving almost every life going forward if we make tools available in a more equitable way. unfortunately the complacency is real and the fatigue is real and there are competing priorities including the horrific situation in ukraine so less and less attention is going to the covid—19 response right now. is going to the covid-19 response riaht now. ., ., is going to the covid-19 response riaht now. ., ,, i. the united nations humanitarian chief says a new convoy is on its way to evacuate the remaining civilians trapped in a steelworks in mariupol. it's expected to arrive on friday. ukraine says, russian forces are trying to �*eliminate' those defending the plant. the azov—stal steel works is the last part of mariupol under ukrainian control. although some have been evacuated, hundreds of civilians are still sheltering there. the kremlin promised a three day ceasefire — and it says a humanitarian corridor is open. but a ukrainian military commander inside the plant says russia is ignoring the ceasefire. he made the comments on telegram — have a listen. yet another time the russians have not kept their promise of cease—fire and have not given an opportunity to the civilians who seek shelter from the firing basements of the plants to evacuate. i appeal to the world community to evacuate the civilians and i appeal personally to the supreme commander to extract the wounded soldiers who suffered terrible pain dying from their wounds without the necessary treatment. give us the opportunity to collect the bodies of fallen soldiers so that ukrainians can say goodbye to their heroes and react appropriately to the critical situation in which the enemy does not observe any ethical norms, conventions or laws. killing people in front of the eyes of the whole world guided by impunity and because they can. as russia intensifies its attacks on eastern ukraine — many thousands of people are trapped in horrifying conditions. our correspondent andrew harding reports. this footage was filmed by the driver of another school bus. one of the two that went missing. mikael is a local history teacher. last friday he left for a rescue mission and never came back. then, a surprise announcement on russian television. mikael has been captured alive. then another surprise. while we spoke to his wife her phone rings. it's her husband, still held captive but calling with important news. he spoke about a prisoner exchange she says. my husband said the russians might swap him for prisoners held by our government. soon i hope. so maybe everything will work out. perhaps it will but for others still trapped in the town no help at hand. this is as close as we can get to the town right now. there are the boom of artillery in the distance and some shells landing in this field. we have been told all rescue efforts have now been suspended because of the danger but that still leaves something like 2000 civilians trapped in this town and we are told many more civilians caught in other front line towns. the city of dnipro was shaken last night by missile strikes — which damaged a railway facility and a major bridge. our chief international correspondent lyse doucet is there. let me ask you about the latest on this inoculation convoy heading towards the steel works, what more do we e—mail? it towards the steel works, what more do we e-mail?_ do we e-mail? it was announced by none other— do we e-mail? it was announced by none other than _ do we e-mail? it was announced by none other than the _ do we e-mail? it was announced by none other than the un _ do we e-mail? it was announced by i none other than the un humanitarian chief all too mindful that the world is watching transfixed in horror at what's happening deep underneath that labyrinth of tunnels and bunkers where some few hundred civilians are said to be sheltering. martin announced in a conference in portland that another convoy is on its way to mariopul and expected to reach tomorrow morning a measure of how fast it is to cover in order to reach there and of course there is an even greater distance in terms of the struggle to get inside and whether or not it will be able to break through in the midst of what the commander is now in this last stand of the steel plants have told difficult and many battles. we have heard already on this programme that russia said it was now going to be a three—day pause in order to allow the civilians to be evacuated but everything else we hear is a thunderous attack on the steel plant that are still continuing. and thunderous attack on the steel plant that are still continuing.— that are still continuing. and why is mariopul _ that are still continuing. and why is mariopul so — that are still continuing. and why is mariopul so important - that are still continuing. and why is mariopul so important for - that are still continuing. and why . is mariopul so important for russia? mariopul is cursed by geography. it is on the edge of the eastern ukraine and all of that is in the sight of moscow and it's one of the main priorities for the russian leader particularly since his wider goal it seemed at the beginning of this invasion to take far larger swing of territory including the capital of kyiv have been blockaded and effectively stopped by the ukrainian resistance. now he seems to be focusing notjust on taking all of the dumb bus but also building a crucial land bridge between eastern ukraine and crimea and mariopul stands in the way. we had a line from the deputy prime minister scene civilians will be evacuated from mariopul on friday at noon local time. given the number of times he had seen these efforts being made in the past that have failed, how much trust do you think there is now that the russians will allow this to happen and allow the civilians to make their way to safety? civilians to make their way to safe ? , ., , safety? there is no trust in this rocess. safety? there is no trust in this process. absolutely _ safety? there is no trust in this process. absolutely none. - safety? there is no trust in this process. absolutely none. they safety? there is no trust in this - process. absolutely none. they can only be hope that at last those last civilians about 200 including children, terrifying to imagine the conditions under which they are living, not seeing sunlight for more than 60 days. very little food and very little water. will that last be able to escape tomorrow? the deputy prime minister says perhaps it will but everything we have seen before or perhaps they will not.— or perhaps they will not. obviously back in ukraine _ or perhaps they will not. obviously back in ukraine and _ or perhaps they will not. obviously back in ukraine and you _ or perhaps they will not. obviously back in ukraine and you have - or perhaps they will not. obviously back in ukraine and you have been| back in ukraine and you have been talking to people in that town about how they feel about what's been happening in about the humanitarian effort across the country. what do you think has changed since the last time you were there? what you think has changed since the last time you were there?— time you were there? what has not chanced is time you were there? what has not changed is that _ time you were there? what has not changed is that the _ time you were there? what has not changed is that the war _ time you were there? what has not changed is that the war drags - time you were there? what has not changed is that the war drags on i time you were there? what has not. changed is that the war drags on and the ukrainians are connected to this —— fighting this war and believing they can win and i have to say yesterday for the very first time after having speaking to so many people most of this year in ukraine and never hearing a single person saying they would lose this war, yesterday for men we met outside a cafe who are working in security, who are from the region, both in their words and their facial expressions and said there is a great possibility that russia can and will succeed as difficult as it still is to take that entire region but equally without almost a breath they said if russia does take if he will take it back.— here in the uk — interest rates have risen to the highest level in 13 years as the bank of england tries to curb soaring price rises. rates have gone up for the fourth time since december — from 0.75% to 1%. inflation, the rate at which prices are increasing, is also expected to hit more than ten % by the end of the year — the highest level for a0 yea rs. it's being driven by rising fuel, energy and food costs — partly due to the war in ukraine. and there's more bad news — the economy was predicted to grow next year by more than 1% — now the bank of england expects it to shrink by 0.25% amid warnings of a real risk now of recession. our economics editor faisal islam has the details. butter seems to be the biggest price impact. at this nottingham deli, they don't need the bank of england to tell them inflation is surging in a way we haven't seen in a generation. as much as you try to stop passing on the price rises, that's gone now. we have to cut our cloth according to our means. that's it. energy prices and raw materials costs are contributing to the bank of england now predicting even faster rises in prices, with the headline rate of inflation forecast to hit over 10% by the end of the year. as a result, the bank's predictions for the economy are being slashed over the next two years, with the economy forecast to shrink next year put up outside, the city centre is a tale of two types, vacancy sign, jobs vacancies but vacant commercial property showing and economy yet to fully recover from pandemic lockdowns now facing another black cloud. i am going to give it this year to see if it picks up any. if not... you are going to give up? i can't keep living on my savings. what's becoming clear in the data is the cost of living squeeze, as rising prices impacting upon disposable income, that's starting to have its own impact on the economy generally, with some fearing the economy is starting to shrink. that word "recession" is starting to rear its head. it seems to be a combination of recession styles inflation with high inflation this year. yes, we are in a very difficult position, and i have used this analogy quite a bit, i'll use it again. we are walking a very narrow path between, on the one side, inflation, which is far higher than it should be and we want it to be, and on the other side, because we are being hit by big external shocks, which are causing inflation, that are so big, they are causing a big loss of real income to people and businesses in this country. in the last week and's central bank announced a surprise rise in interest rates. and in the united states we had an interest rate hike from the us federal reserve. its biggest increase in more than two decades. what was the reaction to that in the united states? this decades. what was the reaction to that in the united states?- decades. what was the reaction to that in the united states? this is a massive bombshell— that in the united states? this is a massive bombshell for _ that in the united states? this is a massive bombshell for many - that in the united states? this is a massive bombshell for many of. that in the united states? this is a - massive bombshell for many of course and we have seen yesterday it's been absolutely abysmal as we are looking at the american stock market right now and the dow tumbled a thousand points as one of the worst days in 2020 and that's really shocking to many of us here but it's to be expected on some level as well. federal reserve chairman of course outlines some degree of a blueprint i would say as to how they plan to tackle innovation and instead of raising rates by 75 basis points they did by 50 and of course this is all in hopes to really do what they can for inflation. all americans are feeling it. it's notjust at the gas pump is is when you go to the grocery store and you are trying to get a sense of items. like me and trying to buy formula and other things for my little ones and i'm thinking to myself may crush these prices are unbelievable. so something had to be done. how did we get here. that's what a lot of americans are wondering. they're not very financially savvy of course. we can figure out on one hand that that biden administration though the president does not have a direct hand we should note administration to do something pretty massive to get us here and that was to keep printing money. so, the federal reserve had to do something i believe we will see that site rate but right now here in a terrible place in terms of american prices. this time last year many economists i was speaking to you were saying that 20/20 too was going to be a bumpy year and we will see their wearing 20s post covid—19 globally. it has not happened? we wearing 20s post covid-19 globally. it has not happened?— wearing 20s post covid-19 globally. it has not happened? we should never trust an economist _ it has not happened? we should never trust an economist but _ it has not happened? we should never trust an economist but i _ it has not happened? we should never trust an economist but i think - it has not happened? we should never trust an economist but i think what - trust an economist but i think what we have _ trust an economist but i think what we have is— trust an economist but i think what we have is a — trust an economist but i think what we have is a global price crisis going — we have is a global price crisis going on— we have is a global price crisis going on at the mermansk and it's affecting _ going on at the mermansk and it's affecting every corner of the world and the _ affecting every corner of the world and the debate that's happening between and within countries is whether— between and within countries is whether this is temporary or a danger— whether this is temporary or a danger it— whether this is temporary or a danger it will be long—term. about a month— danger it will be long—term. about a month ago— danger it will be long—term. about a month ago they made a speech in which _ month ago they made a speech in which they— month ago they made a speech in which they raised the spectre of long—term inflationary pressures and the problem central banks and governments are wrestling with is the way— governments are wrestling with is the way to— governments are wrestling with is the way to deal with in is to raise interest— the way to deal with in is to raise interest rates but if you raise interest _ interest rates but if you raise interest rates but if you raise interest rates at a time when economies are very fragile because of covid-i9 — economies are very fragile because of covid—19 you risk pushing those economies— of covid—19 you risk pushing those economies into a session and the real spectre that is haunting the thoughts — real spectre that is haunting the thoughts of all economies a stagflation. that horrible combination we had in the 19705 of low growth — combination we had in the 19705 of low growth plu5 inflation which is very hard — low growth plu5 inflation which is very hard to tackle if you are a government and everyone is very hard to tackle if you are a government and everyone i5ju5t trying _ government and everyone i5ju5t trying their best to figure out what balance _ trying their best to figure out what balance of— trying their best to figure out what balance of promoting growth while raising _ balance of promoting growth while raising intere5t balance of promoting growth while raising interest rates get5 balance of promoting growth while raising interest rates gets them rai5ing interest rates gets them 'u5t rai5ing interest rates gets them just right — rai5ing interest rates gets them just right and i don't think anyone knows _ just right and i don't think anyone knows as— just right and i don't think anyone knows as yet who will get this know5 as yet who will get this right — knows as yet who will get this ri . ht. ., ., knows as yet who will get this riuht. ., ~' ,, good evening. the weather's been a tale of two halves today. certainly more sunshine around than yesterday, particularly across england and wales — and strong sunshine at that. so it's been warmer more widely — we've had 21 degrees celsius and we'll have similar warmth over the coming few days as we've got the south—westerly winds and the azores high with us. but the weather, we realise — temperatures in the high teens, low 20s — will depend on the amount of cloud we have. and we've had rather more cloud further north under a weather front. particularly for the north and west of scotland, that weather front will continue here this evening. 1—2 sharp showers elsewhere, but nowhere near as many as yesterday — fairly isolated, they will fade away. and under the starry skies, it'll be a bit of mist around, probably more mist in coastal and hill fog in southern and western areas, and our weatherfront really starts to pep up. so turning quite wet for northern ireland and scotland through the second part of the night. mild across the board, but a wet start for some tomorrow, some appreciable rain as it meanders its way slowly southwards, we'll see the sunshine returning with just a few showers in the north, the sunshine fading further south. but strong sunshine hanging on in parts of the south and the east, east anglia and southeast england. so 20—21, as we've seen today — cooler for parts of northern england, wales because we've got that cloud and rain, but still quite warm. the other side of that weather front when the sunshine comes out for the likes of eastern scotland. does mean that we'll see fewer areas with high levels of tree pollen tomorrow. but nevertheless, it's still high in southern and eastern areas where we keep the sunshine. now that rain will eventually reach southern areas — some uncertainty as to how much we'll see, but perhaps a dampening for the ground before that azores high re—establishes itself for much of the weekend — just the northwest, i think, pestered by the odd weather front. we will see some cloud mulling around those early showers on that weather front in the south, perhaps some cloud for parts of eastern scotland, northeast england. but here, with onshore breezes, it could be just a little bit cooler on saturday. but where we see the sunshine, generally speaking, with a light wind, it'll feel pleasantly warm, some strong sunshine. by sunday, similar story first thing, a bit on the cool side once again. but then we've got this weather system starting to push its influence into the north and west of scotland and northern ireland. so i think here, we will see cloudier skies, perhaps some patchy rain — temperatures around 13—14. but again, warm where we see that sunshine, dry for many. hello, i'm maryam moshiri. you're watching the context on bbc news. the world health organization estimates that a "staggering" 15 million excess deaths occured globally due to the covid pandemic. if we don't count, we will miss the opportunity to be better prepared for the next time. as china still grapples with how to deal with coronavirus, we'll analyse how its zero covid policy affects the money in our pocket. a new white house press secretary, as karinejean—pierre becomes the first black woman and the first openly lgbtq+ person to serve as press secretary. and how examining your car's licence plate can indicate the health of the insect population. tonight with the context, director of uk in a changing europe, anand menon, and republican strategist rina shah. china's zero covid policy has been one of the strictest in the world. but a recent surge in infections is forcing it to reconsider how it deals with the pandemic. the latestjump in daily cases, widely spread across the country, has been driven largely by the omicron variant. tens of millions of people in china have been put under lockdown. it includes shanghai — with a population of 25 million people and home to the world's busiest port. china is the world's biggest commodity buyer and shanghai is the gateway for the raw materials that are heading into the country. it's also a financial hub. the city of shandong — with 101 million residents — is china's biggest agricultural exporter and a global source of fruits and vegetables. or how about hebei, home to 7a million people? it's a massive producer of wheat, maize and millet. its other key industries are iron processing and steel production. this gives you just a flavour of why the zero covid policy that china continues to follow affects all of us. let's speak to wanyuan song from bbc reality check. thanks forjoining us. let me ask you first of all, talk me through these areas, why they in particular have been so hard hit.— have been so hard hit. thanks for invitin: have been so hard hit. thanks for inviting me- _ have been so hard hit. thanks for inviting me. like _ have been so hard hit. thanks for inviting me. like you _ have been so hard hit. thanks for inviting me. like you mentionedl inviting me. like you mentioned earlier— inviting me. like you mentioned earlier about _ inviting me. like you mentioned earlier about shanghai, - inviting me. like you mentionedl earlier about shanghai, shanghai inviting me. like you mentioned i earlierabout shanghai, shanghai is the powerhouse _ earlierabout shanghai, shanghai is the powerhouse of— earlierabout shanghai, shanghai is the powerhouse of china's - earlier about shanghai, shanghai is. the powerhouse of china's economy. it the powerhouse of china's economy. it has _ the powerhouse of china's economy. it has many— the powerhouse of china's economy. it has many factorie5, _ the powerhouse of china's economy. it has many factorie5, including - the powerhouse of china's economy. it has many factorie5, including the. it has many factorie5, including the home _ it has many factorie5, including the home to _ it has many factorie5, including the home to many— it has many factorie5, including the home to many global— it has many factorie5, including the home to many global brands, - it has many factorie5, including the home to many global brands, 5uch| it has many factorie5, including the . home to many global brands, such as tesla, _ home to many global brands, such as tesla, such— home to many global brands, such as tesla, such as — home to many global brands, such as te5la, such as iphone5. _ home to many global brands, such as te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai - te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai totais _ te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai totais one — te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai total5 one third _ te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai total5 one third of _ te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai total5 one third of china's - te5la, such as iphone5. shanghai i total5 one third of china's economy, including _ total5 one third of china's economy, including very — total5 one third of china's economy, including very important _ including very important semiconductors, - including very important semiconductors, so- including very important semiconductors, so the i including very important - semiconductors, so the lockdown including very important _ semiconductors, so the lockdown in shanghai _ semiconductors, so the lockdown in shanghai has — semiconductors, so the lockdown in shanghai has directly— semiconductors, so the lockdown in shanghai has directly caused... - semiconductors, so the lockdown in shanghai has directly caused... for| shanghai has directly caused... for example. _ shanghai has directly caused... for example. one _ shanghai has directly caused... for example, one estimation _ shanghai has directly caused... for example, one estimation thinks . shanghai has directly caused... for. example, one estimation thinks that the lockdown — example, one estimation thinks that the lockdown in _ example, one estimation thinks that the lockdown in shanghai _ example, one estimation thinks that the lockdown in shanghai for- example, one estimation thinks that the lockdown in shanghai forjust - the lockdown in shanghai forjust two weeks — the lockdown in shanghai forjust two weeks could _ the lockdown in shanghai forjust two weeks could cost _ the lockdown in shanghai forjust two weeks could cost about - the lockdown in shanghai forjust two weeks could cost about 3 - the lockdown in shanghai forjust - two weeks could cost about 3 million iphones _ two weeks could cost about 3 million iphones not — two weeks could cost about 3 million iphones not being _ two weeks could cost about 3 million iphones not being able _ two weeks could cost about 3 million iphones not being able to _ iphones not being able to be produced _ iphones not being able to be produced it— iphones not being able to be produced. it was _ iphones not being able to be produced. it was in - iphones not being able to be produced. it was in other. iphones not being able to be - produced. it was in other places, car factories, _ produced. it was in other places, car factories, 10—15% _ produced. it was in other places, car factories, 10—15% of - produced. it was in other places, car factories, 10—15% of chips - produced. it was in other places, | car factories, 10—15% of chips and car factories, 10—15% of chips and car productions, _ car factories, 10—15% of chips and car productions, and _ car factories, 10—15% of chips and car productions, and for- car factories, 10—15% of chips and car productions, and for the - car factories, 10—15% of chips and car productions, and for the uk . car productions, and for the uk consumers _ car productions, and for the uk consumers of _ car productions, and for the uk consumers of a _ car productions, and for the uk consumers of a lot _ car productions, and for the uk consumers of a lot of— car productions, and for the uk consumers of a lot of the - car productions, and for the uk consumers of a lot of the cars i car productions, and for the uk l consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here — consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here come _ consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here come from _ consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here come from the - consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here come from the eu - consumers of a lot of the cars we buy here come from the eu and i consumers of a lot of the cars we . buy here come from the eu and the consumers of a lot of the cars we - buy here come from the eu and the eu relies _ buy here come from the eu and the eu relies on _ buy here come from the eu and the eu relies on china — buy here come from the eu and the eu relies on china for— buy here come from the eu and the eu relies on china for car— buy here come from the eu and the eu relies on china for car components, - relies on china for car components, so if the _ relies on china for car components, so if the lockdown _ relies on china for car components, so if the lockdown continues - relies on china for car components, so if the lockdown continues in - so if the lockdown continues in china, — so if the lockdown continues in china, customers _ so if the lockdown continues in china, customers here - so if the lockdown continues in china, customers here in- so if the lockdown continues in china, customers here in the l so if the lockdown continues in. china, customers here in the uk so if the lockdown continues in - china, customers here in the uk will unfortunately— china, customers here in the uk will unfortunately pay _ china, customers here in the uk will unfortunately pay more _ china, customers here in the uk will unfortunately pay more for - china, customers here in the uk will unfortunately pay more for what - china, customers here in the uk willi unfortunately pay more for what they are buying _ unfortunately pay more for what they are buying and — unfortunately pay more for what they are bu inc. �* ., unfortunately pay more for what they arebu in. �* . , unfortunately pay more for what they arebu in. �* ., , , are buying. and what exactly is the lockdown causing? _ are buying. and what exactly is the lockdown causing? it _ are buying. and what exactly is the lockdown causing? it is _ are buying. and what exactly is the lockdown causing? it is not - are buying. and what exactly is the lockdown causing? it is notjust - lockdown causing? it is notjust about workers not be owed to go to work, it is a logistical impact. you are correct. _ work, it is a logistical impact. you are correct, because _ work, it is a logistical impact. you are correct, because china has to keep— are correct, because china has to keep the — are correct, because china has to keep the factories _ are correct, because china has to keep the factories running - are correct, because china has to keep the factories running by - keep the factories running by keeping _ keep the factories running by keeping workers _ keep the factories running by keeping workers in _ keep the factories running by keeping workers in a - keep the factories running by keeping workers in a closed i keep the factories running by - keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more _ keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more like — keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more like a _ keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more like a bubble _ keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more like a bubble system, - keeping workers in a closed loop, so it is more like a bubble system, but| it is more like a bubble system, but because _ it is more like a bubble system, but because the — it is more like a bubble system, but because the cities _ it is more like a bubble system, but because the cities were _ it is more like a bubble system, but because the cities were closed - it is more like a bubble system, but because the cities were closed and i because the cities were closed and the roads— because the cities were closed and the roads were _ because the cities were closed and the roads were shot, _ because the cities were closed and the roads were shot, some - because the cities were closed and the roads were shot, some people| the roads were shot, some people counted _ the roads were shot, some people counted hard — the roads were shot, some people counted hard to _ the roads were shot, some people counted hard to get _ the roads were shot, some people counted hard to get to _ the roads were shot, some people counted hard to get to the - the roads were shot, some people. counted hard to get to the shanghai ports. _ counted hard to get to the shanghai ports. so— counted hard to get to the shanghai ports. so they— counted hard to get to the shanghai ports, so they need _ counted hard to get to the shanghai ports, so they need to _ counted hard to get to the shanghai ports, so they need to find - ports, so they need to find alternative _ ports, so they need to find alternative ways _ ports, so they need to find alternative ways to - ports, so they need to find alternative ways to access | ports, so they need to find - alternative ways to access those areas, _ alternative ways to access those areas. and — alternative ways to access those areas. and so _ alternative ways to access those areas, and so because _ alternative ways to access those areas, and so because of- alternative ways to access those . areas, and so because of reasons, there _ areas, and so because of reasons, there has— areas, and so because of reasons, there has been— areas, and so because of reasons, there has been a _ areas, and so because of reasons, there has been a huge _ areas, and so because of reasons, there has been a huge delay- areas, and so because of reasons, there has been a huge delay and l areas, and so because of reasons, . there has been a huge delay and the cost of— there has been a huge delay and the cost of logistics _ there has been a huge delay and the cost of logistics has _ there has been a huge delay and the cost of logistics has been _ cost of logistics has been increasing _ cost of logistics has been increasing. capacity- cost of logistics has been - increasing. capacity domestically has been — increasing. capacity domestically has been about _ increasing. capacity domestically has been about 60% _ increasing. capacity domestically has been about 60% of - increasing. capacity domestically has been about 60% of normal . has been about 60% of normal capacity — has been about 60% of normal ca aci . �* , has been about 60% of normal caaci . v ., ., has been about 60% of normal caaci . �*, ., ,, ., has been about 60% of normal caaci . �*, ., , capacity. let's talk about these rice capacity. let's talk about these price rises _ capacity. let's talk about these price rises we _ capacity. let's talk about these price rises we are _ capacity. let's talk about these price rises we are seeing - capacity. let's talk about these i price rises we are seeing because capacity. let's talk about these - price rises we are seeing because of what is happening in china, because of its zero covid policy. are these, do you think, having spoken to the economists in the area, short—term price rises? or are we going to see these price rises stay a a while? most of the experts we have spoken to, they— most of the experts we have spoken to, they all— most of the experts we have spoken to, they all believe _ most of the experts we have spoken to, they all believe this _ most of the experts we have spoken to, they all believe this is _ most of the experts we have spoken to, they all believe this is going - to, they all believe this is going to, they all believe this is going to be _ to, they all believe this is going to be a — to, they all believe this is going to be a long—term _ to, they all believe this is going to be a long—term effect, - to, they all believe this is going to be a long—term effect, and l to, they all believe this is going i to be a long—term effect, and so to, they all believe this is going - to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably— to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably going _ to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably going to _ to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably going to see _ to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably going to see a - to be a long—term effect, and so we are probably going to see a huge . are probably going to see a huge price _ are probably going to see a huge price increase _ are probably going to see a huge price increase in _ are probably going to see a huge price increase in the _ are probably going to see a huge price increase in the coming - are probably going to see a huge price increase in the coming few| price increase in the coming few months. — price increase in the coming few months. and _ price increase in the coming few months, and some _ price increase in the coming few months, and some think- price increase in the coming few months, and some think that. price increase in the coming few. months, and some think that this kind of— months, and some think that this kind of increase _ months, and some think that this kind of increase will _ months, and some think that this kind of increase will probably- months, and some think that this kind of increase will probably lastj kind of increase will probably last until 2025 — kind of increase will probably last until 2025. kind of increase will probably last until2025. . . , ., kind of increase will probably last until2025. , ., until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been aood until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to — until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to talk— until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to talk to _ until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to talk to you. _ until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to talk to you. thank - until2025. ok, wanyuan song, it has been good to talk to you. thank you i been good to talk to you. thank you very much indeed. let us bring in our panelists, anand menon and rina shah. how much do you think this situation talks to us about the reliance we have, particularly in countries like the uk, in europe, in the united states, on products from china and also on china importing products from us? i think there are two ways of answering that question. first is, we have just had a crash course over the last two years, whether it is ukraine, the experience of the trump presidency, what is happening now in china, on how much we depend on stuff made elsewhere. we are learning about supply chains and, yeah, china is a massive supplier of a lot of manufactured good and components for a lot of manufactured goods that are notionally from other countries. you think of some well—known phones, for instance. the second thing, thinking a little bit about the ideology of this, is we depend very strongly on a country that does not share our liberal democratic values, and looking what is happening with russia at the moment, i think many policymakers in the west are feeling increasingly uncomfortable about the level of dependence on china, because ultimately one of the tools in our arsenal if tension with china grows its economic, and we are so dependent on china at the moment, i wonder if that would even be possible. do wonder if that would even be ossible. ,, wonder if that would even be ossible. i. ., wonder if that would even be ossible. , ., ., ., i] possible. do you agree with that? i certainly do. _ possible. do you agree with that? i certainly do, because _ possible. do you agree with that? i certainly do, because i— possible. do you agree with that? i certainly do, because i have - possible. do you agree with that? i certainly do, because i have seen i possible. do you agree with that? i j certainly do, because i have seen it in the _ certainly do, because i have seen it in the republican party and the republican party of years ago. a real warning on china and how closely— real warning on china and how closely aligns with really getting everything we need, it seems, here in the _ everything we need, it seems, here in the united states, from china, so ithink— in the united states, from china, so i think in_ in the united states, from china, so i think in general, what we should look for— i think in general, what we should look for is, — i think in general, what we should look for is, and hope for, genuinely, i5 look for is, and hope for, genuinely, is that china really start— genuinely, is that china really start to — genuinely, is that china really start to triple down and say, this is enough. — start to triple down and say, this is enough, this zero covid policy is not working — is enough, this zero covid policy is not working for us. there are some indicators _ not working for us. there are some indicators that could lead to that, but it _ indicators that could lead to that, but it is— indicators that could lead to that, but it is really too early at this point — but it is really too early at this point. we have not see any indication— point. we have not see any indication of them dropping quarantine time, that —— vaccinating the elderly. there is so little _ —— vaccinating the elderly. there is so little known, and that is what us lawmakers — so little known, and that is what us lawmakers continues to be detriment say, look— lawmakers continues to be detriment say, look how little we are getting out of _ say, look how little we are getting out of china. of course, we know the leaders _ out of china. of course, we know the leaders want — out of china. of course, we know the leaders want to look very strong in front— leaders want to look very strong in front of— leaders want to look very strong in front of their people, but in general— front of their people, but in general this reliance on how we go about— general this reliance on how we go about our— general this reliance on how we go about our everyday life, it has got to change. — about our everyday life, it has got to change, and that cannot happen overnight — to change, and that cannot happen overnight. us lawmakers are talking about _ overnight. us lawmakers are talking about stronger steps, but right now it isjust _ about stronger steps, but right now it isjust so — about stronger steps, but right now it i5ju5t so early about stronger steps, but right now it is just so early because about stronger steps, but right now it i5ju5t so early because i think, in general, — it i5ju5t so early because i think, in general, the world does not know as much— in general, the world does not know as much as — in general, the world does not know as much as it— in general, the world does not know as much as it could know about this zero covid — as much as it could know about this zero covid policy. a as much as it could know about this zero covid policy.— zero covid policy. a suppose some --eole zero covid policy. a suppose some people are saying. _ zero covid policy. a suppose some people are saying, look, _ zero covid policy. a suppose some people are saying, look, the - zero covid policy. a suppose some people are saying, look, the way i people are saying, look, the way china is stop— starting, the sporadic nature of these lockdowns, really is adding to the unpredictable tea of where we may be in the next few months, and that is having a knock on impact about how people view the economic short—term future. people view the economic short-term future. ., ., , ,., , ., people view the economic short-term future. ., ., , , ., , ., future. no, absolutely. china is not alone in focusing _ future. no, absolutely. china is not alone in focusing on _ future. no, absolutely. china is not alone in focusing on those - future. no, absolutely. china is not| alone in focusing on those domestic policies, i think most governments would act like that. the problem with china is the rest of the world is so dependent on them for trade, when they behave this way, it has far more spill—over effects on the global economy. far more spill-over effects on the global economy.— far more spill-over effects on the global economy. the white house has announced a new press secretary. karinejean—pierre is the first black woman and first openly lgbtq+ person to serve in the role. i want to bring you in at this point because you know her personally. tell us more stop look karine and i have shared the small screen on msnbc -- have shared the small screen on msnbc "— have shared the small screen on msnbc -- karine and i. we have different policy _ msnbc -- karine and i. we have different policy views. _ msnbc -- karine and i. we have different policy views. she - msnbc -- karine and i. we have different policy views. she share| different policy views. she share something i believe is needed in the press— something i believe is needed in the press secretary role of the transparency for she is loyal to the bidens, _ transparency for she is loyal to the bidens, but — transparency for she is loyal to the bidens, but she was also in the 0bama — bidens, but she was also in the 0bama white house, so she is not unknown — 0bama white house, so she is not unknown. during the biden campaign, she was— unknown. during the biden campaign, she was really involved with women providing. _ she was really involved with women providing, that i was involved with as well _ providing, that i was involved with as well. though i was the republican through— as well. though i was the republican through my— as well. though i was the republican through my career, i was the republican women providing leader. she is— republican women providing leader. she is black and gay and immigrant, she is— she is black and gay and immigrant, she is of— she is black and gay and immigrant, she is of haitian descent, that is not easy— she is of haitian descent, that is not easy to _ she is of haitian descent, that is not easy to rise to power in washington, and i think her representing those buckets, those identities, though i'm not who subscribes identity politics, i think— subscribes identity politics, i think it — subscribes identity politics, i think it matters and evil... —— matters _ think it matters and evil... —— matters i_ think it matters and evil... —— matters. i think it is an important role that— matters. i think it is an important role that the american people do put a good _ role that the american people do put a good emotive emphasis on. it is important — a good emotive emphasis on. it is important the press secretary tells us the _ important the press secretary tells us the truth about what the administration does and says. important, she was born in martinique to haitian immigrants — she could hardly be more in contrast to the four white press secretary we saw under president trump. i am no exert saw under president trump. i am no expert on white _ saw under president trump. i am no expert on white house _ saw under president trump. i am no expert on white house politics, - saw under president trump. i am no expert on white house politics, but| expert on white house politics, but i would agree that representation does matter, and having somebody of that backer is very, very symbolically important indeed. when you had the first woman in that role, it helped inspire women. she is obviously very, very good at her job as well, but symbolically i think it is important. ok. job as well, but symbolically i think it is important. ok, thank you very much- — the actress amber heard has been giving a second day of testimony in the defamation trial brought by her former husband johnny depp. she told the court in virginia on thursday that mr depp "whacked her" in the face after they attended the met gala together. he originally sued for $50 million, over an article in the washington post where amber heard claimed she was a victim of abuse — allegations he denies. ms heard then counter—sued for $100 million. let's hear some of the trial today. i remember he threw a bottle at me. it missed me, but it broke the chandelier. and at some point, i remember... maybe this was the shove that i was talking about, but at some point, johnny and i are in a struggle in the living room and he kind of like shoves me down on the sofa. and i get up and i'm trying to get him off of me, and he'sjust stronger than me. i don't know how else to describe it. and at some point, hejust whacks me in the face. let's speak to nomia iqbal, who's been following the case. tell us what happened in court today. tell us what happened in court toda . , , , tell us what happened in court toda. , , ,�* , tell us what happened in court toda., , .�*, today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity _ today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity tell — today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity tell her— today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity tell her side - today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity tell her side of - today. yes, this is amber heard's opportunity tell her side of the i opportunity tell her side of the story. remember, _ opportunity tell her side of the story. remember, up- opportunity tell her side of the story. remember, up until- opportunity tell her side of the i story. remember, up until now opportunity tell her side of the - story. remember, up until now we've only heard _ story. remember, up until now we've only heard mr— story. remember, up until now we've only heard mrjohnny_ story. remember, up until now we've only heard mrjohnny depp's - story. remember, up until now we've only heard mrjohnny depp's side - story. remember, up until now we've only heard mrjohnny depp's side of. only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things. _ only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things. and — only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things. and today, _ only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things, and today, day— only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things, and today, day two - only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things, and today, day two of - only heard mrjohnny depp's side of things, and today, day two of her. things, and today, day two of her giving _ things, and today, day two of her giving evidence _ things, and today, day two of her giving evidence in— things, and today, day two of her giving evidence in what _ things, and today, day two of her giving evidence in what is- things, and today, day two of her giving evidence in what is day- things, and today, day two of heri giving evidence in what is day four of the _ giving evidence in what is day four of the trial, — giving evidence in what is day four of the trial, she _ giving evidence in what is day four of the trial, she portrayed - giving evidence in what is day four of the trial, she portrayed her- of the trial, she portrayed her ex-husband _ of the trial, she portrayed her ex—husband as— of the trial, she portrayed her ex—husband as someone - of the trial, she portrayed her ex—husband as someone who| of the trial, she portrayed her- ex—husband as someone who almost of the trial, she portrayed her— ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides _ ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides she _ ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides. she said _ ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides. she said there _ ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides. she said there was— ex—husband as someone who almost had two sides. she said there was this - two sides. she said there was this one side _ two sides. she said there was this one side who _ two sides. she said there was this one side who was _ two sides. she said there was this one side who was the _ two sides. she said there was this one side who was the love - two sides. she said there was this one side who was the love of- two sides. she said there was this one side who was the love of my i one side who was the love of my life and the _ one side who was the love of my life and the other— one side who was the love of my life and the other side, _ one side who was the love of my life and the other side, she _ one side who was the love of my life and the other side, she described, i and the other side, she described, as an _ and the other side, she described, as an awful— and the other side, she described, as an awful thing, _ and the other side, she described, as an awful thing, and _ and the other side, she described, as an awful thing, and there - and the other side, she described, as an awful thing, and there was l and the other side, she described, as an awful thing, and there was a j as an awful thing, and there was a particular— as an awful thing, and there was a particular moments— as an awful thing, and there was a particular moments during - as an awful thing, and there was a particular moments during her- particular moments during her evidence — particular moments during her evidence where _ particular moments during her evidence where she _ particular moments during her evidence where she broke - particular moments during her. evidence where she broke down particular moments during her- evidence where she broke down in tears _ evidence where she broke down in tears and — evidence where she broke down in tears and really _ evidence where she broke down in tears and really struggled - evidence where she broke down in tears and really struggled to - evidence where she broke down in tears and really struggled to hold i tears and really struggled to hold her breath — tears and really struggled to hold her breath as _ tears and really struggled to hold her breath as she _ tears and really struggled to hold her breath as she relayed - tears and really struggled to hold her breath as she relayed an - her breath as she relayed an allegation— her breath as she relayed an allegation of— her breath as she relayed an allegation of sexual- her breath as she relayed an allegation of sexual assaultl her breath as she relayed an - allegation of sexual assault that she said — allegation of sexual assault that she said happened _ allegation of sexual assault that she said happened in— allegation of sexual assault that she said happened in australia i allegation of sexual assault that - she said happened in australia when she said happened in australia when she visited _ she said happened in australia when she visited mr— she said happened in australia when she visited mr depp _ she said happened in australia when she visited mr depp as _ she said happened in australia when she visited mr depp as he _ she said happened in australia when she visited mr depp as he was- she visited mr depp as he was filming — she visited mr depp as he was filming pirates _ she visited mr depp as he was filming pirates of _ she visited mr depp as he was filming pirates of the - she visited mr depp as he was. filming pirates of the caribbean. she said — filming pirates of the caribbean. she said she _ filming pirates of the caribbean. she said she was— filming pirates of the caribbean. she said she was shocked. - filming pirates of the caribbean. she said she was shocked. to i filming pirates of the caribbean. - she said she was shocked. to quote her, she said she was shocked. to quote her. she _ she said she was shocked. to quote her. she said. — she said she was shocked. to quote her. she said. i_ she said she was shocked. to quote her, she said, i had _ she said she was shocked. to quote her, she said, i hadju5t_ she said she was shocked. to quote her, she said, i had just married - her, she said, i hadjust married this man — her, she said, i hadjust married this man and _ her, she said, i hadjust married this man, and we _ her, she said, i hadjust married this man, and we heard - her, she said, i hadjust married this man, and we heard a - her, she said, i hadjust married this man, and we heard a lot - this man, and we heard a lot of evidence — this man, and we heard a lot of evidence from _ this man, and we heard a lot of evidence from her— this man, and we heard a lot of evidence from her over- this man, and we heard a lot of evidence from her over how- this man, and we heard a lot of| evidence from her over how she claimed — evidence from her over how she claimed that _ evidence from her over how she claimed that he _ evidence from her over how she claimed that he was _ evidence from her over how she claimed that he was someone . evidence from her over how she . claimed that he was someone who evidence from her over how she - claimed that he was someone who was very controlling, — claimed that he was someone who was very controlling, he _ claimed that he was someone who was very controlling, he was _ claimed that he was someone who was very controlling, he was jealous - claimed that he was someone who was very controlling, he was jealous of - very controlling, he was jealous of her career. — very controlling, he was jealous of her career. she— very controlling, he was jealous of her career, she claimed, - very controlling, he was jealous of her career, she claimed, that- very controlling, he was jealous of her career, she claimed, that he l her career, she claimed, that he would _ her career, she claimed, that he would get — her career, she claimed, that he would get incredible _ her career, she claimed, that he would get incredible jealous - her career, she claimed, that he would get incredible jealous of. would get incredible jealous of whenever— would get incredible jealous of whenever she _ would get incredible jealous of whenever she interacted - would get incredible jealous of whenever she interacted with. would get incredible jealous of- whenever she interacted with men and women _ whenever she interacted with men and women and _ whenever she interacted with men and women and that — whenever she interacted with men and women and that would _ whenever she interacted with men and women and that would lead _ whenever she interacted with men and women and that would lead to - whenever she interacted with men and women and that would lead to violentl women and that would lead to violent moments _ women and that would lead to violent moments she — women and that would lead to violent moments. she claims _ women and that would lead to violent moments. she claims he _ women and that would lead to violent moments. she claims he called - women and that would lead to violent moments. she claims he called her. women and that would lead to violent moments. she claims he called her a| moments. she claims he called her a go-getter_ moments. she claims he called her a go-getter and — moments. she claims he called her a go—getter and used _ moments. she claims he called her a go—getter and used an— moments. she claims he called her a go—getter and used an offensive - moments. she claims he called her a| go—getter and used an offensive word used on _ go—getter and used an offensive word used on women _ go—getter and used an offensive word used on women. her— go—getter and used an offensive word used on women. her case _ go—getter and used an offensive word used on women. her case is - go—getter and used an offensive word used on women. her case is that - go—getter and used an offensive word used on women. her case is that in. used on women. her case is that in this relationship, _ used on women. her case is that in this relationship, she _ used on women. her case is that in this relationship, she was - used on women. her case is that in this relationship, she was the - this relationship, she was the victim, — this relationship, she was the victim, she _ this relationship, she was the victim, she was _ this relationship, she was the victim, she was the _ this relationship, she was the victim, she was the victim - this relationship, she was the victim, she was the victim of| victim, she was the victim of domestic— victim, she was the victim of domestic abuse, _ victim, she was the victim of domestic abuse, whereas i victim, she was the victim ofj domestic abuse, whereas mr victim, she was the victim of- domestic abuse, whereas mr depp in his own _ domestic abuse, whereas mr depp in his own testimony _ domestic abuse, whereas mr depp in his own testimony said _ domestic abuse, whereas mr depp in his own testimony said he _ domestic abuse, whereas mr depp in his own testimony said he never- his own testimony said he never struck— his own testimony said he never struck miss _ his own testimony said he never struck miss heard, _ his own testimony said he never struck miss heard, he _ his own testimony said he never struck miss heard, he has - his own testimony said he neverj struck miss heard, he has never struck— 5truck miss heard, he has never struck any— struck miss heard, he has never struck any woman _ struck miss heard, he has never struck any woman and _ struck miss heard, he has never struck any woman and that - struck miss heard, he has never struck any woman and that she i struck miss heard, he has never. struck any woman and that she was the aggressor, she _ struck any woman and that she was the aggressor, she was _ struck any woman and that she was the aggressor, she was the - the aggressor, she was the intimidator. _ the aggressor, she was the intimidator. he _ the aggressor, she was the intimidator. he says- the aggressor, she was the intimidator. he says that l the aggressor, she was the i intimidator. he says that she the aggressor, she was the - intimidator. he says that she had this need — intimidator. he says that she had this need for— intimidator. he says that she had this need for conflict _ intimidator. he says that she had this need for conflict and - intimidator. he says that she had. this need for conflict and violence, but will— this need for conflict and violence, but will we — this need for conflict and violence, but will we have _ this need for conflict and violence, but will we have heard _ this need for conflict and violence, but will we have heard so - this need for conflict and violence, but will we have heard so far- this need for conflict and violence, but will we have heard so far on i but will we have heard so far on both _ but will we have heard so far on both sides. _ but will we have heard so far on both sides, the _ but will we have heard so far on both sides, the claims - but will we have heard so far on both sides, the claims of- but will we have heard so far on l both sides, the claims of violence in both— both sides, the claims of violence in both cases. _ both sides, the claims of violence in both cases, and _ both sides, the claims of violence in both cases, and just— both sides, the claims of violence in both cases, and just to - both sides, the claims of violencej in both cases, and just to remind, as you _ in both cases, and just to remind, as you were — in both cases, and just to remind, as you were saying _ in both cases, and just to remind, as you were saying that _ in both cases, and just to remind, as you were saying that, - in both cases, and just to remind, as you were saying that, this - in both cases, and just to remind, as you were saying that, this all . as you were saying that, this all hinges — as you were saying that, this all hinges on — as you were saying that, this all hinges on an— as you were saying that, this all hinges on an opinion _ as you were saying that, this all hinges on an opinion piece - as you were saying that, this all hinges on an opinion piece thatl hinges on an opinion piece that amber heard _ hinges on an opinion piece that amber heard wrote _ hinges on an opinion piece that amber heard wrote in - hinges on an opinion piece that amber heard wrote in 2018, i hinges on an opinion piece that. amber heard wrote in 2018, being hinges on an opinion piece that- amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim _ amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim of— amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim of domestic _ amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim of domestic abuse, _ amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim of domestic abuse, but - amber heard wrote in 2018, being a victim of domestic abuse, but she . victim of domestic abuse, but she never— victim of domestic abuse, but she never named _ victim of domestic abuse, but she never named anyone _ victim of domestic abuse, but she never named anyone in _ victim of domestic abuse, but she never named anyone in it, - victim of domestic abuse, but she. never named anyone in it, whereas victim of domestic abuse, but she - never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says— never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says she — never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says she was _ never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says she was referring _ never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says she was referring to - never named anyone in it, whereas mr depp says she was referring to him - depp says she was referring to him and that— depp says she was referring to him and that it — depp says she was referring to him and that it led _ depp says she was referring to him and that it led to... _ depp says she was referring to him and that it led to... it— depp says she was referring to him and that it led to... it basically- depp says she was referring to him and that it led to... it basically a l and that it led to... it basically a grew being — and that it led to... it basically a grew being destroyed. _ and that it led to... it basically a grew being destroyed. this- and that it led to... it basically a grew being destroyed. this obviously carnered so grew being destroyed. this obviously garnered so much _ grew being destroyed. this obviously garnered so much interest _ grew being destroyed. this obviously garnered so much interest -- - grew being destroyed. this obviously garnered so much interest -- his - garnered so much interest —— his career being destroyed. how much longer is this going to go on for? next week, there will be a break for a week— next week, there will be a break for a week in— next week, there will be a break for a week in the — next week, there will be a break for a week in the case, _ next week, there will be a break for a week in the case, and _ next week, there will be a break for a week in the case, and then - next week, there will be a break for a week in the case, and then it- next week, there will be a break for a week in the case, and then it is. a week in the case, and then it is expected — a week in the case, and then it is expected to _ a week in the case, and then it is expected to last _ a week in the case, and then it is expected to last until _ a week in the case, and then it is expected to last until the - a week in the case, and then it is expected to last until the end - a week in the case, and then it is expected to last until the end of| expected to last until the end of the month, so— expected to last until the end of the month, so we've _ expected to last until the end of the month, so we've got - expected to last until the end of the month, so we've got still. expected to last until the end of. the month, so we've got still some time to— the month, so we've got still some time to go— the month, so we've got still some time to go yet _ the month, so we've got still some time to go yet in— the month, so we've got still some time to go yet in terms— the month, so we've got still some time to go yet in terms of- the month, so we've got still some time to go yet in terms of the - the month, so we've got still somel time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've — time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've got _ time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've got her— time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've got her memory- time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've got her memory this - time to go yet in terms of the case, and you've got her memory this is i time to go yet in terms of the case, j and you've got her memory this is a —— you've got to remember that there is a jury— —— you've got to remember that there is a jury involved _ —— you've got to remember that there is a jury involved in _ —— you've got to remember that there is a jury involved in this _ —— you've got to remember that there is a jury involved in this case. - —— you've got to remember that there is a jury involved in this case. two - is a jury involved in this case. two years— is a jury involved in this case. two years ago. — is a jury involved in this case. two years ago. johnny _ is a jury involved in this case. two years ago. johnny depp _ is a jury involved in this case. two years ago, johnny depp had - is a jury involved in this case. two years ago, johnny depp had taken is a jury involved in this case. two i years ago, johnny depp had taken on a british— years ago, johnny depp had taken on a british newspaper— years ago, johnny depp had taken on a british newspaper who— years ago, johnny depp had taken on a british newspaper who he - years ago, johnny depp had taken on a british newspaper who he had - a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, _ a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, and _ a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, and at _ a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, and at that - a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, and at that time - a british newspaper who he had sued for defamation, and at that time it. for defamation, and at that time it felt like _ for defamation, and at that time it felt like it— for defamation, and at that time it felt like it was _ for defamation, and at that time it felt like it was depp— for defamation, and at that time it felt like it was depp versus - for defamation, and at that time it felt like it was depp versus heard, but it— felt like it was depp versus heard, but it really— felt like it was depp versus heard, but it really was _ felt like it was depp versus heard, but it really was not, _ felt like it was depp versus heard, but it really was not, it _ felt like it was depp versus heard, but it really was not, it was him i but it really was not, it was him taking _ but it really was not, it was him taking on— but it really was not, it was him taking on this _ but it really was not, it was him taking on this paper. _ but it really was not, it was him taking on this paper. at- but it really was not, it was him taking on this paper. at this - taking on this paper. at this time it really— taking on this paper. at this time it really is— taking on this paper. at this time it really is depp— taking on this paper. at this time it really is depp versus _ taking on this paper. at this time it really is depp versus heard, i taking on this paper. at this time i it really is depp versus heard, and he is _ it really is depp versus heard, and he is suing — it really is depp versus heard, and he is suing her— it really is depp versus heard, and he is suing herfor_ it really is depp versus heard, and he is suing her for $50 _ it really is depp versus heard, and he is suing her for $50 million fori he is suing her for $50 million for defamation — he is suing her for $50 million for defamation. she _ he is suing her for $50 million for defamation. she is _ he is suing her for $50 million for defamation. she is counter- he is suing her for $50 million for| defamation. she is counter suing. and for— defamation. she is counter suing. and for his — defamation. she is counter suing. and for his lawsuit _ defamation. she is counter suing. and for his lawsuit to _ defamation. she is counter suing. and for his lawsuit to be - and for his lawsuit to be successful, _ and for his lawsuit to be successful, he _ and for his lawsuit to be successful, he has- and for his lawsuit to be successful, he has to i and for his lawsuit to be i successful, he has to prove and for his lawsuit to be - successful, he has to prove that and for his lawsuit to be _ successful, he has to prove that the claim _ successful, he has to prove that the claim was— successful, he has to prove that the claim was false _ successful, he has to prove that the claim was false and _ successful, he has to prove that the claim was false and that _ successful, he has to prove that the claim was false and that that - claim was false and that that article — claim was false and that that article specifically— claim was false and that that article specifically caused - claim was false and that thati article specifically caused him damage. _ article specifically caused him damage, amber— article specifically caused him damage, amber heard's - article specifically caused him| damage, amber heard's team article specifically caused him - damage, amber heard's team are saying _ damage, amber heard's team are saying she — damage, amber heard's team are saying she is _ damage, amber heard's team are saying she is protected _ damage, amber heard's team are saying she is protected by- damage, amber heard's team are saying she is protected by free - saying she is protected by free speech — saying she is protected by free seech. ., ., ., ., ,, ., speech. ok, nomia, good to talk to ou. speech. ok, nomia, good to talk to you- thank — speech. ok, nomia, good to talk to you- thank you _ speech. ok, nomia, good to talk to you. thank you very _ speech. ok, nomia, good to talk to you. thank you very much. - flying insects are on the decline — that's according to a new survey led by the kent wildlife trust and bugline. over the last 17 years, numbers fell by nearly 60%. the data was collected by insects sampled on vehicle numbers plates by citizen scientists across the uk. the survey is based on the "windscreen phenomenon", a term given to the anecdotal observation that people tend to find fewer insects squashed on the windscreens of their cars now, compared to the past. let's speak to paul hetherington from buglife. first of all, talk me through exactly what this windscreen phenomenon is. how does it work? how do you get all this data from people? it do you get all this data from --eole? , do you get all this data from neale? , , do you get all this data from --eole? , ,,, ., do you get all this data from n-eole? , ., ., . . people? it is based on the old adage of, i people? it is based on the old adage of. i remember— people? it is based on the old adage of, i remember my _ people? it is based on the old adage of, i remember my parents - people? it is based on the old adage of, i remember my parents used - people? it is based on the old adage of, i remember my parents used to l of, i remember my parents used to have to stop the car and wipe the windscreen down, so it has come down to that, but we had to be more scientific about it. if you think about it, when screens are different shapes and angles, but number plates are all in the same vertical plane, so you have the same plane for number plates, so that is why number plates were chosen for some back into thousand four, there was a survey done using exactly this methodology, so what we have done is recreated that and this time, it works through an app —— in 200a. we have comparable baseline data that we can look back at.— we can look back at. when you talk about flying — we can look back at. when you talk about flying insects, _ we can look back at. when you talk about flying insects, what - we can look back at. when you talk about flying insects, what exactly i about flying insects, what exactly are you talking about, small ones, big ones, flies, bees or the whole lot? �* , .. big ones, flies, bees or the whole lot? , insects that fly or go to gets platted as you drive along. they might be peters, they may be butterflies, they might be bees — they will all cause a splat. we are not measuring a specific species here, we'rejust not measuring a specific species here, we're just measuring the volume of insects.— here, we're just measuring the volume of insects. people have been tellin: ou volume of insects. people have been telling you with _ volume of insects. people have been telling you with this _ volume of insects. people have been telling you with this anecdotal- telling you with this anecdotal evidence that there been far fewer of these insects around then there were before. that must were you a lot. it were before. that must were you a lot. , ., . ., , lot. it is horrific, really, when ou lot. it is horrific, really, when you consider— lot. it is horrific, really, when you consider that _ lot. it is horrific, really, when you consider that in _ lot. it is horrific, really, when you consider that in under - lot. it is horrific, really, when you consider that in under 20 | lot. it is horrific, really, when - you consider that in under 20 years, effectively, six out of every ten have... that is all we have left —— that must worry you a lot. we have lost four out of every ten in such a sport short space of time. we are without some of these insects, particularly the rarer ones out there. who; some of these insects, particularly the rarer ones out there.— the rarer ones out there. why has this been happening? _ the rarer ones out there. why has this been happening? there - the rarer ones out there. why has this been happening? there are i the rarer ones out there. why has this been happening? there are a| this been happening? there are a number of _ this been happening? there are a number of factors _ this been happening? there are a number of factors that _ this been happening? there are a number of factors that have - this been happening? there are a i number of factors that have caused it. probably the biggest one is the loss of habitat and the loss of connectivity between habitats. in england, we have lost 97% of our wild flower england, we have lost 97% of our wildflower rich grassland, since the late 1930s. that equates to about 1.5 times the size of wales, to put it in perspective, a massive, massive area that has been lost. and thatis massive area that has been lost. and that is just one habitat. all habitats have come under stress. urbanisation, road—building, rail building, intensive agriculture, all of these things have led to a loss of these things have led to a loss of habitat, and as you lose that habitat, you lose the can of gevity. any problem there, i might have somewhere that is really good, but if somewhere goes wrong, there is not anywhere people can get to safely —— the loss of connectivity. what is the answer to this? we have known about this a few years, haven't we, that this is the trajectory? what is the answer? what needs to change in our society for things to make a difference? we reall things to make a difference? - really do need to invest in insect superhighways. or b lines, which is a can —— connectivity lanes. i'll be called them insect superhighways, is more like stepping stones. if you can get about 10% of a line filled with stepping stones, it will allow the connectivity to flow. it will also reduce or even stop our herbicides and has besides —— pesticides, which is a contrary —— contributory factor. let's bring in our panelists. have you noticed any reduction in insects when you bike around the countryside?— when you bike around the countryside? when you bike around the count side? , , ., , , countryside? yet, but i 'ust assume i am auoin countryside? yet, but ijust assume i am going progressively _ countryside? yet, but ijust assume i am going progressively slower- countryside? yet, but ijust assume i am going progressively slower on | i am going progressively slower on the bike so they have more time to avoid me. ijust think this is a fantastic and fascinating experiment, i was reading about it today, and of course the serious subtext to it all, which is, we are losing biodiversity, and the next stage now is to try and figure out getting that biodiversity back and we have lost.— getting that biodiversity back and we have lost. ~ . ., we have lost. what about in the us? is this an issue _ we have lost. what about in the us? is this an issue there? _ we have lost. what about in the us? is this an issue there? in _ we have lost. what about in the us? is this an issue there? in the - is this an issue there? in the washington. _ is this an issue there? in the washington, dc— is this an issue there? in the washington, dc area, - is this an issue there? in the washington, dc area, we - is this an issue there? in the | washington, dc area, we had is this an issue there? in the - washington, dc area, we had cicadas, and for— washington, dc area, we had cicadas, and for anybody interested, google that! �* , that! laughter biodiversity - that! laughter biodiversity is i that! laughter - biodiversity is really that! laughter _ biodiversity is really important. it is one _ biodiversity is really important. it is one of— biodiversity is really important. it is one of those moments where you go back to _ is one of those moments where you go back to your— is one of those moments where you go back to your childhood and you remember what you've been taught in schools. _ remember what you've been taught in schools. and — remember what you've been taught in schools, and so i think what we're learning _ schools, and so i think what we're learning from this research is going guide _ learning from this research is going guide future generations. i have very young daughters that are interested in different species as well, _ interested in different species as well, so — interested in different species as well, so let's see. this research is fascinating. — well, so let's see. this research is fascinating, but it could also give us a guide — fascinating, but it could also give us a guide to the future and why these insects matter to the earth and really — these insects matter to the earth and really protecting them. gk, and really protecting them. ok, thanks for— and really protecting them. ok, thanks for that, _ and really protecting them. ok, thanks for that, and _ and really protecting them. oi, thanks for that, and paul hetherington, the best of luck for the research going forward, and thanks for your time.— the research going forward, and thanks for your time. now to soccer. or football, as we orfootball, as we know or football, as we know it here. the person who is usually sat in this seat is christian fraser. he's a fan of premier league side burnley and one of our panellists tonight, anand, is a fan of leeds united. both are threatened by relegation. this is the premier league table as it stands. take a look. leeds and burnley are both above the relegation zone, everton just below them. so one of those three teams willjoin norwich and watford and be relegated out of the division, but who will it be? let's imagine everton will definitely survive and it's between burnley and leeds. we co nta cted we contacted christian before the programme and this is what he had to say... there you go — the government has been thrown! what do you reckon, leeds or burnley? i been thrown! what do you reckon, leeds or burnley?— been thrown! what do you reckon, leeds or burnley? i was a couple of thins. leeds or burnley? i was a couple of things- firstly. _ leeds or burnley? i was a couple of things. firstly, the _ leeds or burnley? i was a couple of things. firstly, the prospect - leeds or burnley? i was a couple of things. firstly, the prospect is - things. firstly, the prospect is profoundly suppressing so i do not know why i'm smiling! we have a bigger city, a betterfan base and a better kit. there is only one answer. sorry, christian. iwould not even argue _ answer. sorry, christian. iwould not even argue for— answer. sorry, christian. iwould not even argue for burnley - answer. sorry, christian. iwould not even argue for burnley right| not even argue for burnley right now. i will go to you. do you care about what we are saying? i now. i will go to you. do you care about what we are saying? i do... i know the words _ about what we are saying? i do... i know the words man _ about what we are saying? i do... i know the words man u. _ about what we are saying? i do. .. i know the words man u. i _ about what we are saying? i do... i know the words man u. i know - know the words man u. i know allegiances, they go deep. but watching the soccer clubs across the pond. _ watching the soccer clubs across the pond. i_ watching the soccer clubs across the pond. i am — watching the soccer clubs across the pond, i am fascinated and i do wish there _ pond, i am fascinated and i do wish there was— pond, i am fascinated and i do wish there was an — pond, i am fascinated and i do wish there was an american love for soccer— there was an american love for soccer the _ there was an american love for soccer the way in which it is over there. _ soccer the way in which it is over there. but— soccer the way in which it is over there. but it— soccer the way in which it is over there, but it is exciting. i played as a _ there, but it is exciting. i played as a young — there, but it is exciting. i played as a young girl, i played into college _ as a young girl, i played into college i_ as a young girl, i played into college. i am as a young girl, i played into college. lam more as a young girl, i played into college. i am more fascinated about what women are doing here stateside, with the _ what women are doing here stateside, with the national women's soccer league. _ with the national women's soccer league, the natalie actress natalie portman i5 actress natalie portman is now owning — actress natalie portman is now owning her own club. this is all good _ owning her own club. this is all good news _ owning her own club. this is all good news. women in soccer really deserve _ good news. women in soccer really deserve equal pay, so these strides towards _ deserve equal pay, so these strides towards equity, they really important because the more fans, the better, _ important because the more fans, the better, and. _ important because the more fans, the better, and, shoot, i need a crash course _ better, and, shoot, i need a crash course in — better, and, shoot, i need a crash course in getting acquainted with british— course in getting acquainted with british soccer! | course in getting acquainted with british soccer!— british soccer! i am sure if you get a ticket over _ british soccer! i am sure if you get a ticket over here, _ british soccer! i am sure if you get a ticket over here, anand - british soccer! i am sure if you get a ticket over here, anand will - british soccer! i am sure if you get a ticket over here, anand will take you to a leeds match, which may or may not be in the premier league next season! we don't know. anand, i don't even want to talk about it, because christian is not here, but burnley obviously a great team? really? latte burnley obviously a great team? reall ? ~ l, , burnley obviously a great team? reall ? l l, , l, , l, l, really? we are trying to be fair and balanced, really? we are trying to be fair and balanced. as _ really? we are trying to be fair and balanced, as we _ really? we are trying to be fair and balanced, as we always _ really? we are trying to be fair and balanced, as we always have - really? we are trying to be fair and balanced, as we always have been. really? we are trying to be fair and i balanced, as we always have been on the bbc! anand menon, rina shah, thank you for your time. just a quick reminder. elections are taking place across the uk today — to elect local officials and councils and members of the northern ireland assembly. it's being seen as a key test of what the public has made of the last few years of their political leaders' work. and we'll have a special programme presented by huw edwards for viewers here in the uk, starting at 20 to midnight, to bring in all the results and developments as they happen. so please keep watching, don't miss it. bye—bye. hello there. thursday was a warmer day on the whole, temperatures more widely getting into the high teens and the low 205, because we had more of that strong may sunshine, especially across england and wales. scotland and northern ireland at times had a lot more cloud with a weather front, and that's still on the scene for friday. once that clears away, though, for the weekend, it is looking fine and warm for the vast majority, for most of the time. and the reason for the warmth are the south—westerly winds around our azores high, which will stay with us through friday and into the weekend. but as i say, we do still have a weather front which will work its way southwards, giving a much wetter day for parts of northern ireland, northern england, parts of wales as well during the day on friday. to the north of that, as it clears away, things will brighten up significantly and it'll be quite warm following on behind east of the grampians. little bit of mist first thing in southern areas clearing away. we hang on to that sunshine longest, east anglia and the southeast. strong sunshine, high levels of tree pollen again and 21, but what a different day across parts of wales and northern england underneath that weather front. but it's likely to be a weak affair as it reaches southern areas. there may be some rain to dampen the ground, but not perhaps as significant as we need, but that high pressure does keep the weather fronts at bay for the weekend. so if there are plans, it's looking fine, dry, a little bit on the chilly side first thing saturday, a little bit of mistiness around, but that clears very quickly at this time of year. could be some cloud blown onshore across eastern scotland, northeast england. and here, with the onshore breezes, perhaps temperatures a degree or two down on those of recent days, but warm for many inland in sunshine. sunday, perhaps, brings less cloud for eastern areas but more cloud for the west of northern ireland and scotland. even some showery rain for the northern and western isles, northwest highlands, so a little bit cooler here, cloudier, certainly. but again, where we see the sunshine, temperatures will get into the high teens and low 205, which is above where they should be at this time of year. now, that high pressure melts that weather front away into monday. there will still be some weather fronts close by to the north and west, so a similar sort of picture. but for england and wales, it looks mostly dry and fine with variable amounts of cloud. but when the sun comes out, it feels warm, whilst further north and west, a bit breezier with more cloud and some rain potentially. 13s and 145, so back down to where we have the average at this time of year. into monday and tuesday, you can see there's low pressure close by to the north. that's where the tightly packed isobars, that's where the breezier weather will be. at times, it is possible those weather fronts will work their way southwards but as weak affairs. they're moving into that area of high pressure, which will tend to quash or dampen the activity somewhat. so again, we continue with that pattern, with the strongest sunshine, the most abundant sunshine in southern areas, where it'll be warmer. but further north, rather more cloud. and it's because of the position of ourjet stream, as you can see here. still around the middle of the week, it's sat across the uk, but gradually later in the week, it's pushed further north, which allows the azores high to push further north, pushing the weather fronts and their influence out of their way. and at the same time as it does that, it's going to latch onto some very warmer air further south and push that further northwards as well. so its warm already when we see the sunshine, but we could see temperatures getting higher still from the middle of next week onwards. that's temperatures into the mid—20s. but it will, even before then, be often warm and sunny, particularly for england and wales. some rain, mainly but not exclusively, in the north and later in the week pushing away here too. but plenty of time to keep up—to—date on that. a stark warning from the bank of england on interest rates, as pressure on the uk economy intensifies. to combat rising prices rates go up to 1%, but there could be worse to come. we can see a case in which there will need to be a further rise in the bank rates. hard times ahead, then, for thousands of businesses and millions of consumers. what's more important, having a piece of nice cheese at the weekend or paying your electric bill? you know, they're the certain choices people have got to make. inflation is now expected to hit 10%, the highest level since the 19805. also tonight... the energy giant shell announces record profits of more than £7 billion injust three months. thousands ofjobs are at risk, with convenience store chain

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