it's already illegal to call or text on a handheld phone while you're driving in the uk. but from next year, the rules are getting even tighter. drivers will be banned from taking photos, filming, searching playlists or playing games — even while stationary — on mobiles and tablets. those who break the law will face six points on their licence and a £200 fine. caroline davies reports. # happy birthday to you... joe cairns was 1a years old when his mother last waved him off to school. i always told him, you know, "i love ya". not always would he say it back. chuckles. sometimes he would. we got him settled in the van and i waved goodbye to him. the minibusjoe was riding in was hit by a lorry. the lorry driver was checking his social media on his phone moments before the crash. finding that out, i do remember being physically sick. i was, you know — it was just that reaction that my boy was killed for nothing. for likes, you know? checking his social media. the driverjames majury was jailed for eight years for dangerous driving. the current law bans driving while texting and calling, but this change will mean that it's easier for police to charge drivers holding their phone, regardless of the reason. from next year, there'll be very few exemptions for why you're able to hold your phone while you're driving. one of them will be if you're making an emergency phone call. but another proposed one is if you're paying for something contactlessly — for example, a toll or maybe a drive—through restaurant — but your car has to be stationary. you can still use devices like satnav, for instance, but they have to be in a cradle. the law was introduced in 2003 when calls and texts were what most mobiles were used for. although police can charge drivers with other driving offences if they are using their phone and not in control of their vehicle, this change will close a loophole. if you get caught now, you're going to get a £200 fine and six points on your licence. that is quite significant. the police will be able to enforce the law is —— the police will be able to enforce the laws much more strongly. joe's family continue to tell his story, to make drivers think again about how and when they use their phones. he had a life — a whole beautiful life to lead. through somebody�*s choice that day, they took his life away. and he is no more. and it has to be out there, it has to be how dangerous it is to use your phone whilst you are driving. caroline davies reporting. now on bbc news, it's time for click. this week— are virtual reality could transform the future of surgery. can california create a safe space for whistleblowers here in the present? and how to rebuild the past, piece by piece by piece. 0n on this programme, we see a lot of really useful technology but some things are just solutions looking for problems. yes, like vr. what was that? the rainforest, obviously. {iii rainforest, obviously. of course- _ rainforest, obviously. of course. we _ rainforest, obviously. of course. we have lost count of the number of virtual reality experiences we have had over the past few years. some feeling more useful than others. , ., , others. the first obvious place for vr was _ others. the first obvious place for vr was gaming _ others. the first obvious place for vr was gaming but - others. the first obvious place for vr was gaming but once i others. the first obvious place | for vr was gaming but once the technology had proved it was probably immersive we started to see signs that it really could take us to real places. it could put us in all sorts of situations, including education and even medicine. find and even medicine. and sometimes, _ and even medicine. and sometimes, technology| and even medicine. and sometimes, technology turns out to be most useful way you least expected. to be most useful way you least exected. �* , , to be most useful way you least “meted-— expected. i've seen vr used to help peeple — expected. i've seen vr used to help people overcome - expected. i've seen vr used to | help people overcome phobias. if than it used to teach students how to do surgery. but this has to be the most powerful use of vr i have ever seen. ,, ., ., ~ . seen. six-month-old archie was born with sagittal _ seen. six-month-old archie was born with sagittal service - born with sagittal service doses. ., ., ., doses. you are a happy boy, aren't you? _ doses. you are a happy boy, aren't you? a _ doses. you are a happy boy, aren't you? a condition - doses. you are a happy boy, l aren't you? a condition where doses. you are a happy boy, i aren't you? a condition where a bab 's aren't you? a condition where a baby's rooflines _ aren't you? a condition where a baby's rooflines in _ aren't you? a condition where a baby's rooflines in the - aren't you? a condition where a baby's rooflines in the skull - baby's rooflines in the skull views to early, this means as the brain grows the skull cannot go sideways to accommodate it, that it expands front and back, to the head shape. while it is not life—threatening, it leaves parents like amanda and judd faced with a difficult decision as to whether they opt for the risks of surgery or let nature take its course with the physical and psychological impacts that follow.- physical and psychological impacts that follow. he's been uuite impacts that follow. he's been quite "it _ impacts that follow. he's been quite "it has— impacts that follow. he's been quite --it has been _ impacts that follow. he's been quite --it has been quite - quite ——it has been quite overwhelming, it has been a lot of appointments and a lot of time away. 50 of appointments and a lot of time away-— of appointments and a lot of time awa . .,' time away. so when offered the chance to _ time away. so when offered the chance to be — time away. so when offered the chance to be the _ time away. so when offered the chance to be the first _ time away. so when offered the chance to be the first to - time away. so when offered the chance to be the first to use - time away. so when offered the chance to be the first to use a l chance to be the first to use a groundbreaking new ai platform that predicts the outcome of the operation in virtual reality, theyjumped at the chance. reality, they “umped at the chance. ., ., ., reality, they “umped at the chance. ., ., chance. you are able to see our chance. you are able to see your own — chance. you are able to see your own child's _ chance. you are able to see your own child's condition l chance. you are able to see| your own child's condition or your own child's condition or your own child's heart or head projected into this special environment with showing what will happen to your own child. i've come here to great 0rmond street hospital tojoin i've come here to great 0rmond street hospital to join the family for the consultation where, for the first time, they are going to get to see the virtual reality. you are about to see now what will hopefully be the final result.— be the final result. how are ou be the final result. how are you feeling? _ be the final result. how are you feeling? excited. - be the final result. how are you feeling? excited. and l you feeling? excited. and obviously there is always that worry, what he is going to have done. it worry, what he is going to have done. , , .,. ., done. it will be placed in an immersive _ done. it will be placed in an immersive world _ done. it will be placed in an immersive world and - done. it will be placed in an immersive world and you i done. it will be placed in an. immersive world and you will done. it will be placed in an - immersive world and you will be able to— immersive world and you will be able to interact things using the controllers. so able to interact things using the controllers.— the controllers. so here is archie's — the controllers. so here is archie's skull _ the controllers. so here is archie's skull as _ the controllers. so here is archie's skull as it - the controllers. so here is archie's skull as it stands | archie's skull as it stands now. _ archie's skull as it stands now. we _ archie's skull as it stands now, we have _ archie's skull as it stands now, we have done - archie's skull as it stands now, we have done the l now, we have done the reconstruction - now, we have done the reconstruction using. now, we have done thei reconstruction using the now, we have done the - reconstruction using the ct scan, — reconstruction using the ct scan, and _ reconstruction using the ct scan, and as_ reconstruction using the ct scan, and as you _ reconstruction using the ct scan, and as you can- reconstruction using the ct scan, and as you can see i reconstruction using the ct. scan, and as you can see this as the — scan, and as you can see this as the side _ scan, and as you can see this as the side view, _ scan, and as you can see this as the side view, the - scan, and as you can see thisl as the side view, the forehead is here, — as the side view, the forehead is here, the _ as the side view, the forehead is here, the back— as the side view, the forehead is here, the back of— as the side view, the forehead is here, the back of the - as the side view, the forehead is here, the back of the head, | is here, the back of the head, and _ is here, the back of the head, and these _ is here, the back of the head, and these lines _ is here, the back of the head, and these lines are _ is here, the back of the head, and these lines are the - and these lines are the sutures. _ and these lines are the sutures, the _ and these lines are the sutures, the ones- and these lines are the sutures, the ones that| and these lines are the i sutures, the ones that are working _ sutures, the ones that are working still, _ sutures, the ones that are working still, the - sutures, the ones that are working still, the growth. working still, the growth tines _ working still, the growth tines 50— working still, the growth lines. so the _ working still, the growth lines. so the way- working still, the growth lines. so the way we - working still, the growth lines. so the way we dol working still, the growth. lines. so the way we do the surgery— lines. so the way we do the surgery is— lines. so the way we do the surgery is we _ lines. so the way we do the surgery is we make - lines. so the way we do the surgery is we make a - lines. so the way we do the surgery is we make a small| surgery is we make a small window— surgery is we make a small window in _ surgery is we make a small window in the _ surgery is we make a small window in the bone - surgery is we make a small window in the bone here. l surgery is we make a small. window in the bone here. the algorithm _ window in the bone here. the algorithm is _ window in the bone here. algorithm is needed to window in the bone here.- algorithm is needed to create these images have been made possible by the harnessing of data from 60 operations over the course of the last seven years. the course of the last seven ears. ., , years. so here, the great is the head — years. so here, the great is the head shape _ years. so here, the great is the head shape as - years. so here, the great is the head shape as it - years. so here, the great is the head shape as it is - years. so here, the great is| the head shape as it is now. green — the head shape as it is now. green is _ the head shape as it is now. green is the _ the head shape as it is now. green is the predicted - the head shape as it is now. green is the predicted head| green is the predicted head shape. _ green is the predicted head shape. for— green is the predicted head shape, for the _ green is the predicted head shape, for the first- green is the predicted head shape, for the first changel green is the predicted head i shape, for the first change you can see — shape, for the first change you can see is _ shape, for the first change you can see is that _ shape, for the first change you can see is that the _ shape, for the first change you can see is that the back - shape, for the first change you can see is that the back of - shape, for the first change you can see is that the back of hisl can see is that the back of his head — can see is that the back of his head which— can see is that the back of his head which at _ can see is that the back of his head which at the _ can see is that the back of his head which at the moment i can see is that the back of his head which at the moment is| head which at the moment is sloping — head which at the moment is sloping down _ head which at the moment is sloping down is _ head which at the moment is sloping down is pushed - head which at the moment is sloping down is pushed up i head which at the moment is sloping down is pushed up ai sloping down is pushed up a little — sloping down is pushed up a little and _ sloping down is pushed up a little and there _ sloping down is pushed up a little and there is _ sloping down is pushed up a little and there is a - sloping down is pushed up a little and there is a more . little and there is a more regular— little and there is a more regular curvature - little and there is a more regular curvature to - little and there is a more regular curvature to it. i little and there is a more regular curvature to it. this immersive _ regular curvature to it. this immersive experience - regular curvature to it. tiiiii: immersive experience allows the parents to see from all angles are truly personalised picture of exactly how archie's head can be reshaped with surgery. would you like us to suggest anything about the head shape that you would like to see done differently?— differently? no, i think it's the back— differently? no, i think it's the back of— differently? no, i think it's the back of the _ differently? no, i think it's the back of the head - differently? no, i think it's the back of the head but i differently? no, ithink it's| the back of the head but we differently? no, ithink it's- the back of the head but we are noticing — the back of the head but we are noticing the most.— noticing the most. indeed, and that, you _ noticing the most. indeed, and that, you should _ noticing the most. indeed, and that, you should see _ noticing the most. indeed, and that, you should see within - noticing the most. indeed, and that, you should see within a i that, you should see within a week or two of surgery... well. you can see — week or two of surgery... well. you can see the _ week or two of surgery. .. well. you can see the back— week or two of surgery... well. you can see the back going - week or two of surgery... well. you can see the back going on. | you can see the back going on. if parents feel the shaping could be improved, like the back of the head being made broader than the images, adjustments can be made, as long as the surgeon supports the view, of course. a lot to think about. it the view, of course. a lot to think about.— think about. it is. it's hard to ut think about. it is. it's hard to put words _ think about. it is. it's hard to put words to _ think about. it is. it's hard to put words to it - think about. it is. it's hard to put words to it but - think about. it is. it's hard to put words to it but as i think about. it is. it's hard i to put words to it but as well as it is a lot to take in, it is reassuring, knowing that that's what we've got to expect and, yeah, and have that explained and we're not going to sort of be waiting and what's happening.- to sort of be waiting and what's happening. to sort of be waiting and what's ha eninu. ., . ., ., what's happening. how much of a difference did _ what's happening. how much of a difference did it _ what's happening. how much of a difference did it make, _ what's happening. how much of a difference did it make, being - difference did it make, being able to see this in vr rather thanit able to see this in vr rather than it being explained or a 2d image? it than it being explained or a 2d imaue? ., , ., ,, ., than it being explained or a 2d imaie? ., , .,~' ., , image? it does make a big difference _ image? it does make a big difference because - image? it does make a big difference because to - image? it does make a big difference because to be i difference because to be honest, i did not realise thought of the size of the forehead and things like that that it was going to make a difference so being able to see the whole head and different angles and everything, it was quite nice to see, wasn't it? this was a big day for amanda and judd but also a big day for you, the first time that you have shown your technology here in action. how are you feeling about it? i in action. how are you feeling about it? . , in action. how are you feeling about it?— about it? i was slightly apprehensive - about it? i was slightly apprehensive because | about it? i was slightly - apprehensive because we're giving them a lot information and the question was will that migratory well, it will be beneficial but will it be too much for them? and i was delighted to see how they took to it. it was their first experience with vr and they seem to enjoy the experience and got a lot from it flow delighted. it and got a lot from it flow delighted-— and got a lot from it flow deliahted. , , ., ,, delighted. it seems to boost their confidence. _ delighted. it seems to boost their confidence. indeed, . delighted. it seems to boost i their confidence. indeed, which is what we _ their confidence. indeed, which is what we are _ their confidence. indeed, which is what we are hoping - their confidence. indeed, which is what we are hoping to - is what we are hoping to achieve, they have an idea of what the future holds an hour when they sign the consent form, is what i would informed consent. but before it is what i would call truly informed consent. i would call truly informed consent-— i would call truly informed consent. ., . ., consent. having confirmed the decision to _ consent. having confirmed the decision to go _ consent. having confirmed the decision to go ahead, - consent. having confirmed the decision to go ahead, within i consent. having confirmed the decision to go ahead, within a | decision to go ahead, within a few weeks the big day arrived. the theatre is being prepared as in a few minutes, archie is coming into his surgery where a spring like this is going to be inserted into his skull through a small cut. it will immediately expand and start to change the shape of his head and continue to do so over the next four weeks and at that point, it can be removed. invented by doctor giovanni 13 years ago, the technique has reduced operation time from three hours to a0 minutes, cut blood transfusions by 90% and provides more predictable outcomes. provides more predictable outcomes-— provides more predictable outcomes. ,,, ., m outcomes. spring engaged. and it is a predictability _ outcomes. spring engaged. and it is a predictability that - outcomes. spring engaged. and it is a predictability that has - it is a predictability that has made the data usable for visualisation is with 90% accuracy. visualisation is with 90% accuracy-— visualisation is with 9096 accura . ., ., , accuracy. today we have used this to capture _ accuracy. today we have used this to capture the _ accuracy. today we have used this to capture the surface - accuracy. today we have used this to capture the surface of| this to capture the surface of the whole head. before and after the procedure. when we overlap the images from the circumstance and compare the shape difference and we use some modelling to understand how changes over time. so some modelling to understand how changes over time.- how changes over time. so we have finished _ how changes over time. so we have finished the _ how changes over time. so we have finished the surgery, - how changes over time. so we have finished the surgery, it i have finished the surgery, it is gone _ have finished the surgery, it is gone really well, the springs _ is gone really well, the springs are in and we have seen an expansion on the table and we should meet our predictions over— we should meet our predictions over the — we should meet our predictions over the next weeks.— we should meet our predictions over the next weeks. what we've seen here _ over the next weeks. what we've seen here is _ over the next weeks. what we've seen here is being _ over the next weeks. what we've seen here is being created - over the next weeks. what we've seen here is being created for. seen here is being created for one particular condition but it could be applied to many different types of surgery in the future.— different types of surgery in the future. ~ ., ., , ., the future. what we have shown here is essentially _ the future. what we have shown here is essentially proof - the future. what we have shown here is essentially proof of - here is essentially proof of principle, but if you take a condition, an art form, take it granular enough that you can study it and put it on engineering and ai platforms and you can actually predict the future with a reasonable degree of accuracy. what i would like to see as a surgeon in ten, perhaps 20 years time, is that most surgeries, most surgical practice is done this way, where the control and power is very much given to the parents and patients. tiara power is very much given to the parents and patients. two weeks on from surgery _ parents and patients. two weeks on from surgery and _ parents and patients. two weeks on from surgery and we - parents and patients. two weeks on from surgery and we visited i on from surgery and we visited archie at his family home. quite relieved that we are over the other side now. archie is doing really well. so we have been told that now he has had it done, this should not be any concerns with development so we're really with how it went. but having the opportunity of doing the vr really, really sort of reassured us that we were doing the right thing. it was not something that really crossed our mind at first but being able to actually see the before and after was quite a relief without pressure being lifted off our shoulders so we are happy. lifted off our shoulders so we are happy-— are happy. but really 'ust seems so incredibly h are happy. but reallyjust seems so incredibly hard| are happy. but reallyjust. seems so incredibly hard for everyone involved. the family were amazing. _ everyone involved. the family were amazing. i— everyone involved. the family were amazing. i think - everyone involved. the family were amazing. i think they - everyone involved. the family i were amazing. i think they were so keen to raise awareness of the condition they were happy for us to follow their journey, despite the fact it really was quite intimate.— despite the fact it really was quite intimate. absolutely. did ou aet quite intimate. absolutely. did you get any — quite intimate. absolutely. did you get any kind _ quite intimate. absolutely. did you get any kind of _ quite intimate. absolutely. did you get any kind of sense - quite intimate. absolutely. did you get any kind of sense of. you get any kind of sense of how much being able to see those images in vr would help family to make the decision? yes, i think they were already pretty confident they were going to go ahead with the operation at you could just tell it provided them with that extra bit of reassurance that they felt they were making the right decision. and they knew what to expect from the surgery, and in the weeks that followed, and that really may have given them a little bit more confidence along the way. yeah, absolutely. thank you for telling that story and archie, and yourfamily, lots of telling that story and archie, and your family, lots of love, best wishes from us. hello and welcome to the week in tech. it was the week the fbi is investigating thousands of fake e—mail sent from one of its own servers. startrack discovery fans will now only be able to discover season four if they live in canada or us after netflix lost streaming rights to paramount days before release. and video sharing site youtube announced plans to make dislike numbers private. apple will soon finally let users repair their own phones, selling the tools and parts available some of the common fixes. yes, those of us with the inclination, time and knowledge can purchase the manual and parts to fix things like screen and battery replacement in the iphone 12 and 13. it offers the service next year before a global rollout so let me tell you from experience, it is not for the faint hearted. balloon robots with soft insides are now a possibility thanks to a new way of making soft actuators, those are the bits that make things move. scientists at princeton use bubble casting to create a soft robots such as this star shaped one that can perform delicate tasks like picking up a blueberry. and finally, this is dog phone, the toys pets can use to video call their owners. to help with separation anxiety, the internal accelerometer inside this toy allows your canine companion to simply move the ball to start the call. and can even answer incoming calls by moving the ball to receive. that's obviously been thought up in a lab! i think it is fair to say that facebook has had a good few weeks. mostly that is down to francis blowing the whistle on her former employers francis blowing the whistle on herformer employers by francis blowing the whistle on her former employers by leaking thousands of internal documents. the facebook fails, as they are known, reveal the inner workings of the company and james clayton has been wondering whether her testimony along with a new california law might inspire others to come forward as well. people like frances haugen are a rare thing in silicon valley. the decision she made to take on facebook was not taken lightly. the company _ was not taken lightly. tue: company intentionally was not taken lightly. tta: company intentionally hides vital information from the public, from the us government and from governments around the world. ,, . ., and from governments around the world. ,, ., , , ., world. silicon valley is a notoriously _ world. silicon valley is a notoriously secretive - world. silicon valley is a | notoriously secretive and notoriously secretive and notoriously litigious place when it comes to employees who want to put their head above the parapet to raise concerns. how did big tech get so big? 0ne how did big tech get so big? one of the reasons it got so big, to be honest, is by exploiting thousands of people who work there. the way that they have managed to keep that exploitation going is by silencing people who work there, including through incredibly wide and broad nondisclosure agreements. i have honestly almost never seen anything like it. i am a human rights lawyer who used to bring cases against the cia and the culture of secrecy at big tech is basically as bad as i used to see in the cia. it is basically as bad as i used to see in the cia.— to see in the cia. it means whistleblowers _ to see in the cia. it means whistleblowers who - to see in the cia. it means whistleblowers who want i to see in the cia. it means| whistleblowers who want to to see in the cia. it means - whistleblowers who want to come forward, like haugen, need to be extremely brave and have extremely deep pockets. nondisclosure and non— disparagement agreements have often been used here in silicon valley to try and silence employees. take the notorious case of theronos, for example. behind me are what used to be theronos's very plush offices —— theranos. the company claimed it could diagnose hundreds of diseases with just a few drops of blood. the problem was that that idea was a fantasy. it didn't work. every person should have the ability to get that type of test. ., , ., , , test. elizabeth holmes, its founder. — test. elizabeth holmes, its founder, raised _ test. elizabeth holmes, its founder, raised hundreds. test. elizabeth holmes, its| founder, raised hundreds of millions of dollars from investors. and for years, no—one knew that the technology didn't work. even major investors were in the dark. it took whistleblowers to come forward to expose the truth here, but they were met with a huge amount of legal pressure. now, a new law in california aims to re— tip the balance away from companies using ndas to silence employees. the silence no more act passed into california law last month and it essentially dilutes the power of ndas. workers will have more protections to bring up have more protections to bring up things like harassment and discrimination. it is a huge win for whistleblowers. cher used to work at apple. she filed complaints with the company about equal pay and then aired some of her grievances publicly —— cher scarlett. grievances publicly -- cher scarlett-— grievances publicly -- cher scarlett. ~ ., ~ ., , scarlett. when we work at these hu . e scarlett. when we work at these huge companies _ scarlett. when we work at these huge companies that _ scarlett. when we work at these huge companies that have - scarlett. when we work at these huge companies that have not i huge companies that have not only big, huge external law firms but they also have lawyers in—house, is very intimidating stop you know, i go and seek a lawyer and i am looking up and it is like $500 an hour. that is five times what i make. there is no way i can afford it, and i certainly don't understand all this legal jargon, so most peoplejust give up. it is very intimidating and scary. she believes the _ intimidating and scary. she believes the new _ intimidating and scary. she believes the new law - intimidating and scary. she believes the new law is a game changer. t believes the new law is a game chan . er. ~ believes the new law is a game chanaer. ~ ., ., changer. i think that more --eole changer. i think that more people will _ changer. i think that more people will start _ changer. i think that more people will start speaking | changer. i think that more . people will start speaking out because of this, because there will be that plain language there that says you are allowed to talk about these things, and they won't be so worried that a lawyer can come after them and take everything from them, or that they won't be able to work again because they violated or breached some agreement in their contract. they are going to see that they are allowed to talk about that and they are going to. talk about that and they are auoin to. ., talk about that and they are otitn to. ., ., ., ., going to. law in california comes into _ going to. law in california comes into force - going to. law in california comes into force in - going to. law in california i comes into force in january, comes into force injanuary, and scarlett is looking to replicate it in her home state of washington. things are changing in america's tech sector. farfrom francis haugen being an outlier, she may well have encouraged others to do the same. big tech has many problems, and the best disinfectant, as they say, is light. welcome to 0lympia, in greece, as you have never seen it before — unless you 2000 years old, that is. the greek government has recently done a deal with to recreate the ancient amphitheatres and temples in augmented reality, so visitors can feel what the place was like in a time of great warriors, thinkers, athletes and architect. experts and archaeologists use cameras and archaeologists use cameras and drones to scan the entire site in 3d, capturing as much detail as possible on both the buildings and the artefacts, and visitors can enjoy the results in ar on their phones. among the 27 monuments that they can see are the original 0lympic stadiums, the temples of zeus and hera, and the workshop of a renowned scholar, all of which have now been digitally refurbished. the technology _ digitally refurbished. the technology is _ digitally refurbished. "tte technology is definitely changing the way we can digitally explore historical and archaeological sites. it presents a different way of experiencing our cultural heritage stop actually, besides the sd, heritage stop actually, besides the 3d, the digital representation of the monument, it has the potential to demonstrate, to focus on aspects of life in ancient societies.— aspects of life in ancient societies. a ., societies. as part of the same ro'ect, societies. as part of the same project, visitors _ societies. as part of the same project, visitors to _ societies. as part of the same project, visitors to the - project, visitors to the olympic museum in athens can 0lympic museum in athens can use a hollow lens headset to see a miniature version of the site and it is hoped that this form of digital archiving will continue to offer a portal to another era, helping us to feel part of history, to understand what humanity has achieved in the past and possibly showing us what we are still capable of today. speaking of which, let us hop from greece to italy, to another ancient treasure, where jen copestake has been sifting through the rubble. the lost city of pompeii was destroyed ljy city of pompeii was destroyed by an eruption of mount vesuvius in the first century. while a lot of the site was remarkably preserved, many details of life here were lost, including some of the colourful frescoes of the buildings. above the main site is the casina rustica, storage site for two frescoes destroyed in the initial eruption damaged further by bombing in world war ii. i further by bombing in world war ii. 4' it i: i: i: ii. i think here we get 10,000 ieces ii. i think here we get 10,000 pieces and — ii. i think here we get 10,000 pieces and fragments - ii. i think here we get 10,000 pieces and fragments at - ii. i think here we get 10,000 pieces and fragments at the i pieces and fragments at the moment. this is only a little part. in these two rooms we have more and more in a box that have never been studied before. fragments come in all sorts of sizes, from tiny bits of rubble big pieces. 50 sorts of sizes, from tiny bits of rubble big pieces. so no-one knows exactly _ of rubble big pieces. so no-one knows exactly how _ of rubble big pieces. so no-one knows exactly how these - knows exactly how these frescoes look like.- knows exactly how these frescoes look like. there are lots of missing _ frescoes look like. there are lots of missing pieces. - frescoes look like. there are lots of missing pieces. it - frescoes look like. there are lots of missing pieces. it is i lots of missing pieces. it is not — lots of missing pieces. it is not like _ lots of missing pieces. it is not like an ordinary puzzle. there — not like an ordinary puzzle. there will be a lot of holes in this— there will be a lot of holes in this fresco. these are 3—dimensional pieces which are flat on— 3—dimensional pieces which are flat on one side. on the flat side, — flat on one side. on the flat side, there is usually some decoration, some colour, and there — decoration, some colour, and there is— decoration, some colour, and there is a _ decoration, some colour, and there is a kind of a 3—dimensional structure, and these — 3—dimensional structure, and these pieces do not match exactly _ these pieces do not match exactly. it is a very difficult and — exactly. it is a very difficult and challenging problem. the -uzzle and challenging problem. the puzzle has — and challenging problem. t'te puzzle has remained and challenging problem. ttj: puzzle has remained unsolved for decades, and now the team led by a university in venice will create a robotic system to analyse and eventually pieced together the frescoes. called repair, or reconstructing the past, artificial intelligence and robotics meet cultural heritage, it is the first time machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques will be used to take on a project of this scale. used to take on a pro'ect of this sash used to take on a pro'ect of this saith this scale. the robot is scanning _ this scale. the robot is scanning a _ this scale. the robot is scanning a piece - this scale. the robot is scanning a piece of - this scale. the robot is i scanning a piece of fresco using polarised lenses, and so at the end of the process the piece will be scanned in 3d, with the same infrastructure and the same type of technology we can also scan the same piece using spectral sensors that are able to collect information that the human eyes cannot see. this information includes the residual colours of pigments used by the romans that cannot be seen with the naked eye. what we can see here is basically the light coming from our object at different wavelengths. we can select the wavelengths. we can select the wavelength that we want to look at, and this may give us initial information of our material or our sample. different points on the objects can be selected to examine mostly, with information given about similarities and differences between pixels in the image. 0nce differences between pixels in the image. once all of the information is collected, an algorithm will suggest how it dinks the pieces fit together, and what is missing, and run it past a human expert.— past a human expert. there is ttoin to past a human expert. there is going to be — past a human expert. there is going to be a _ past a human expert. there is going to be a kind _ past a human expert. there is going to be a kind of- past a human expert. there is going to be a kind of human i past a human expert. there is| going to be a kind of human in the loop process. so imagine what happens. the system will propose a gas, and then some expert will look at the proposal and might say, look, this area is wrong, so it can provide negative feedback. tt provide negative feedback. if this works, i think it will have _ this works, i think it will have a _ this works, i think it will have a huge potential in future projects. — have a huge potential in future projects, both in pompeii and elsewhere, for not only wall paintings but also pottery fragments, which is the majority of fines during most excavations stop there is a huge — excavations stop there is a huge potential in reconstructing and analysing these — reconstructing and analysing these fines.— reconstructing and analysing these fines. the final piece of these fines. the final piece of the puzzle — these fines. the final piece of the puzzle is _ these fines. the final piece of the puzzle is a _ these fines. the final piece of the puzzle is a robot - these fines. the final piece of the puzzle is a robot that - these fines. the final piece of the puzzle is a robot that will| the puzzle is a robot that will be built to be able to handle and reconstruct the frescoes using soft hands. the and reconstruct the frescoes using soft hands.— using soft hands. the robot will tick using soft hands. the robot will pick up _ using soft hands. the robot will pick up with _ using soft hands. the robot will pick up with its - using soft hands. the robot will pick up with its hands i using soft hands. the robotl will pick up with its hands all the fragments, grasping every single piece, and i think this kind of robotic colleague is like — maybe internet before 19 years. now it is new, and i hope it will be very usual and common for us in the future to have this kind of help. haifa have this kind of help. how interesting _ have this kind of help. how interesting was _ have this kind of help. how interesting was that. - have this kind of help. how interesting was that. that i have this kind of help. how interesting was that. that was jen in pompeii, would you believe. unfortunately that is it from us for this week. as ever, you can keep up with the team on social media. find us on youtube, facebook, instagram and twitter @bbcclick. thanks for watching. goodbye. hello there. if you haven't already heard, the weather story is on the change — certainly to the feel of our weather over the next few days. in fact, we'll start to see the first signs of that this weekend, gradually turning colder from the north. and it's this weather front that's producing some rain. the cold air tucking in behind the front, with a scattering of showers waiting in the winds. that gradually slips its way south into northern ireland and northern england. ahead of it, we should see early—morning cloud, mist and murk starting to thin and break for some glimpses of sunshine and highs of 13 celsius. plenty of showers following into the far north of scotland and already the first signs of that colder air arriving. but the real cold air pushes through saturday night into sunday, and the wind direction changes to this northerly flow. so, for all of us, we'll notice the difference first thing on sunday morning. there'll be more in the way of sunshine right across the country, but it will be noticeably colder, particularly when you factor in the strength and the direction of the wind. welcome to bbc news. i'm mark lobel. our top stories: a us teenager who shot dead two people and injured another during racialjustice protests last year has been found not guilty of murder in a trial that polarized america. —— guilty of murder in a trial that polarised america. gunfire. police in the netherlands fire warning shots as people take to the streets, protesting against the partial lockdown imposed to curb rising covid cases. belarus' authoritarian leader alexander lukashenko speaks exclusively to the bbc. he admits that his forces may have helped migrants cross into the european union. translation: i told the eu i'm not going to take migrants on the border, hold them at the border and if they keep coming from now on, i

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