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Structural basis of lipid head group entry to the Kennedy pathway by FLVCR1

Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the two most abundant phospholipids in mammalian cells, are synthesized de novo by the Kennedy pathway from choline and ethanolamine, respectively1–6. Despite the essential roles of these lipids, the mechanisms that enable the cellular uptake of choline and ethanolamine remain unknown. Here we show that the protein encoded by FLVCR1, whose mutation leads to the neurodegenerative syndrome posterior column ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa7–9, transports extracellular choline and ethanolamine into cells for phosphorylation by downstream kinases to initiate the Kennedy pathway. Structures of FLVCR1 in the presence of choline and ethanolamine reveal that both metabolites bind to a common binding site comprising aromatic and polar residues. Despite binding to a common site, FLVCR1 interacts in different ways with the larger quaternary amine of choline in and with the primary amine of ethanolamine. Structure-guided mutagenesis ident ....

Clustal Omega , Acta Crystallogr , Send Energy , Aspects Med , Lipid Res , Acids Res , Cell Biol , Acta Lipids Lipid , Resolution Revolution , Recent Advances ,

Unlocking the Power of Quick and Engaging Instagram and Pinterest Posts

Social media efforts that fall short of your desired engagement levels can be avoided; mastering the art of quick and engaging Instagram and Pinterest posts is a game-changer in today’s world of fleeting attention spans. How can you transform your social media presence from a mere existence to a dynamic force that commands attention?You’ll learn […] ....

Demographic Precision , Platform Specific Preferences Once , Platform Specific Terrain , Captivating Visuals , Eye Catching Images Visual , Visual Vanguard , High Quality Photos , Resolution Revolution , Consistent Aesthetics Consistency , Compelling Captions , Captivating Captions , Evoke Emotion , Hashtags Strategically , Hashtag Strategy , Mix Popular , Create Branded Hashtags , Special Characters , Embrace Authenticity , Strategic Placement , Avoid Overindulgence , Instagram Stories , Pinterest Pins , Reels Instagram , Ephemeral Appeal , Interactive Elements , Swipe Up Feature ,

Electron cryo-microscopy sheds light on how bioenergy makers are made in our body


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IMAGE: Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane to facilitate insertion of synthesized proteins (yellow) encoded by the mitochondrial genome. A gating mechanism of the exit tunnel (cyan) enables protein.
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Credit: Dan W. Nowakowski and Alexey Amunts
Mitochondria are organelles that act as the powerhouses in our body. They use oxygen which we inhale and food we eat to produce energy that supports our life. This molecular activity is performed by bioenergetic nano-factories incorporated in specialized mitochondrial membranes. The nano-factories consist of proteins cooperatively transporting ions and electrons to generate chemical energy. Those have to be constantly maintained, replaced and duplicated during cell division. To address this, mitochondria have their own bioenergy protein-making machine called the mitoribosome. Given its key role, a deregulation of the mitoribosome can lead to medical disorders such as deaf ....

Alexey Amunts , Resolution Revolution , Biomechanics Biophysics , Cell Biology , Molecular Biology , தீர்மானம் புரட்சி , உயிர் வேதியியல் , பயோமெக்கானிக்ஸ் உயிர் இயற்பியல் , செல் உயிரியல் , மூலக்கூறு உயிரியல் ,