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The stability of R-spine defines RAF inhibitor resistance: A comprehensive analysis of oncogenic BRAF mutants with in-frame insertion of αC-β4 loop

Although targeting BRAF mutants with RAF inhibitors has achieved promising outcomes in cancer therapy, drug resistance remains a remarkable challenge, and underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we characterized a previously unknown group of oncogenic BRAF mutants with in-frame insertions (LLRins506 or VLRins506) of αC-β4 loop. Using structure modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, we found that these insertions formed a large hydrophobic network that stabilizes R-spine and thus triggers the catalytic activity of BRAF. Furthermore, these insertions disrupted BRAF dimer interface and impaired dimerization. Unlike BRAF(V600E), these BRAF mutants with low dimer affinity were strongly resistant to all RAF inhibitors in clinic or clinical trials, which arises from their stabilized R-spines. As predicted by molecular docking, the stabilized R-spines in other BRAF mutants also conferred drug resistance. Together, our data indicated that the stability of R-spine ....

United States , Matrigel Corning , Promega Glomax , Discrete Optimized Protein Energy , Cell Signaling Technology , Graphpad Instat Software , University Of Vienna , American Type Culture , Promega Glomax Multi Detection , Supplementary Materials , Cysteine Reactive , Temper Analysis , Animal Ethics Committee , National Cancer Centre Singapore , Institutional Animal Care , Use Committee , Graphpad Instat , Graphpad Software , Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial , Cell Biol , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , செல் சமிக்ஞை தொழில்நுட்பம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் வியன்னா , அமெரிக்கன் வகை கலாச்சாரம் , துணை பொருட்கள் , விலங்கு நெறிமுறைகள் குழு ,