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Most nearby young star clusters formed in three massive complexes

Efforts to unveil the structure of the local interstellar medium and its recent star-formation history have spanned the past 70 years (refs. 1–6). Recent studies using precise data from space astrometry missions have revealed nearby, newly formed star clusters with connected origins7–12. Nonetheless, mapping young clusters across the entire sky back to their natal regions has been hindered by a lack of clusters with precise radial-velocity data. Here we show that 155 out of 272 (57%) high-quality young clusters13,14 within 1 kiloparsec of the Sun arise from three distinct spatial volumes. This conclusion is based on the analysis of data from the third Gaia release15 and other large-scale spectroscopic surveys. At present, dispersed throughout the solar neighbourhood, their past positions more than 30 million years ago reveal that these families of clusters each formed in one of three compact, massive star-forming complexes. One of these fami ....

Astronomical Society Of The Pacific , Star Formation , Early Stellar Evolution , Star Forming Regions , Astronomical Society , Data Release , Local Bubble , Open Source Softw , Radcliffe Wave , Local Association , Sloan Digital Sky Surveys , Stellar Evolution , Astropy Project , Source Softw ,

Improving prime editing with an endogenous small RNA-binding protein

Prime editing enables the precise modification of genomes through reverse transcription of template sequences appended to the 3′ ends of CRISPR–Cas guide RNAs1. To identify cellular determinants of prime editing, we developed scalable prime editing reporters and performed genome-scale CRISPR-interference screens. From these screens, a single factor emerged as the strongest mediator of prime editing: the small RNA-binding exonuclease protection factor La. Further investigation revealed that La promotes prime editing across approaches (PE2, PE3, PE4 and PE5), edit types (substitutions, insertions and deletions), endogenous loci and cell types but has no consistent effect on genome-editing approaches that rely on standard, unextended guide RNAs. Previous work has shown that La binds polyuridine tracts at the 3′ ends of RNA polymerase III transcripts2. We found that La functionally interacts with the 3′ ends of polyuridylated prime editing gu ....

Staphylococcusaureus Cas , Acids Res , Protein Cell , Open Source Softw ,

A 12.4-day periodicity in a close binary system after a supernova

Neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes are the remnants of massive star explosions1. Most massive stars reside in close binary systems2, and the interplay between the companion star and the newly formed compact object has been theoretically explored3, but signatures for binarity or evidence for the formation of a compact object during a supernova explosion are still lacking. Here we report a stripped-envelope supernova, SN 2022jli, which shows 12.4-day periodic undulations during the declining light curve. Narrow Hα emission is detected in late-time spectra with concordant periodic velocity shifts, probably arising from hydrogen gas stripped from a companion and accreted onto the compact remnant. A new Fermi-LAT γ-ray source is temporally and positionally consistent with SN 2022jli. The observed properties of SN 2022jli, including periodic undulations in the optical light curve, coherent Hα emission shifting and evidence for association with a γ-ray source, poin ....

Nordrhein Westfalen , Az Arbayjane Sharqi , United States , Portegies Zwart , Freitas Pacheco , Sloan Digital Sky , Sexten Center , Optical Survey , Zwicky Transient Facility Phase , Astronomical Data Analysis Software , Leiden Argentine Bonn , Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array Nustarx Ray , Keck Infrared Transient Survey , Society Of Photo , X Photometric Survey Telescope , Intermediate Palomar Transient , Discovery Report , Name Server Discovery Report , Early Data Release , Zwicky Transient Facility , Hubble Space Telescope Key Project , Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe , Hubble Space Telescope , Apache Point Observatory Catalog , Optical Diffuse Interstellar , Open Source Softw ,

Conserved and divergent gene regulatory programs of the mammalian neocortex

Divergence of cis-regulatory elements drives species-specific traits1, but how this manifests in the evolution of the neocortex at the molecular and cellular level remains unclear. Here we investigated the gene regulatory programs in the primary motor cortex of human, macaque, marmoset and mouse using single-cell multiomics assays, generating gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylome and chromosomal conformation profiles from a total of over 200,000 cells. From these data, we show evidence that divergence of transcription factor expression corresponds to species-specific epigenome landscapes. We find that conserved and divergent gene regulatory features are reflected in the evolution of the three-dimensional genome. Transposable elements contribute to nearly 80% of the human-specific candidate cis-regulatory elements in cortical cells. Through machine learning, we develop sequence-based predictors of candidate cis-regulatory elements in different species and demonstrate t ....

Las Vegas , Initiative Cell Census Network , International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium , Association For Computing Machinery , International Conference On Knowledge Discovery , Human Gene Deserts , Long Range Enhancers , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Cell Res , Cell Census Network , Genome Biol , Browser Database , Acids Res , Knowledge Discovery , Data Mining , Computing Machinery , Multiple Sclerosis Genetics , Open Source Softw , Computer Vision , Pattern Recognition ,

Minutes-duration optical flares with supernova luminosities

In recent years, certain luminous extragalactic optical transients have been observed to last only a few days1. Their short observed duration implies a different powering mechanism from the most common luminous extragalactic transients (supernovae), whose timescale is weeks2. Some short-duration transients, most notably AT2018cow (ref. 3), show blue optical colours and bright radio and X-ray emission4. Several AT2018cow-like transients have shown hints of a long-lived embedded energy source5, such as X-ray variability6,7, prolonged ultraviolet emission8, a tentative X-ray quasiperiodic oscillation9,10 and large energies coupled to fast (but subrelativistic) radio-emitting ejecta11,12. Here we report observations of minutes-duration optical flares in the aftermath of an AT2018cow-like transient, AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’). The flares occur over a period of months, are highly energetic and are probably nonthermal, implying that they arise from a near-relativistic ....

South Korea , United States , United Kingdom , Ch Ungch Ong Bukto , Ugarte Postigo , Rivera Sandoval , International Astronomical Union , Astrophysics Source Code Library , Gildas Team , Ms High Energy Astrophysics Cambridge Univ , Thai National Telescope , Zwicky Transient Facility Bright , Spectroscopic Survey Of Transient Objects , Sloan Digital Sky , Astronomical Society Of The Pacific , Astronomical Data Analysis Software , Galactic Center , Large Array Survey Telescope , Dark Energy , Line Data Analysis Software , Discovery Report , Name Server Discovery Report , Automatic Learning , Rapid Classification , Name Server Astronote , Black Hole ,