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Most nearby young star clusters formed in three massive complexes

Efforts to unveil the structure of the local interstellar medium and its recent star-formation history have spanned the past 70 years (refs. 1–6). Recent studies using precise data from space astrometry missions have revealed nearby, newly formed star clusters with connected origins7–12. Nonetheless, mapping young clusters across the entire sky back to their natal regions has been hindered by a lack of clusters with precise radial-velocity data. Here we show that 155 out of 272 (57%) high-quality young clusters13,14 within 1 kiloparsec of the Sun arise from three distinct spatial volumes. This conclusion is based on the analysis of data from the third Gaia release15 and other large-scale spectroscopic surveys. At present, dispersed throughout the solar neighbourhood, their past positions more than 30 million years ago reveal that these families of clusters each formed in one of three compact, massive star-forming complexes. One of these fami ....

Astronomical Society Of The Pacific , Star Formation , Early Stellar Evolution , Star Forming Regions , Astronomical Society , Data Release , Local Bubble , Open Source Softw , Radcliffe Wave , Local Association , Sloan Digital Sky Surveys , Stellar Evolution , Astropy Project , Source Softw ,

A shock flash breaking out of a dusty red supergiant

Shock-breakout emission is light that arises when a shockwave, generated by the core-collapse explosion of a massive star, passes through its outer envelope. Hitherto, the earliest detection of such a signal was at several hours after the explosion1, although a few others had been reported2–7. The temporal evolution of early light curves should provide insights into the shock propagation, including explosion asymmetry and environment in the vicinity, but this has been hampered by the lack of multiwavelength observations. Here we report the instant multiband observations of a type II supernova (SN 2023ixf) in the galaxy M101 (at a distance of 6.85 ± 0.15 Mpc; ref. 8), beginning at about 1.4 h after the explosion. The exploding star was a red supergiant with a radius of about 440 solar radii. The light curves evolved rapidly, on timescales of 1−2 h, and appeared unusually fainter and redder than predicted by the models9–11 within ....

United States , American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts , Pipeline For The Antarctic Survey Telescope , Sloan Digital Sky , Antarctic Survey Telescope , Photometric All Sky Survey , Hubble Space Telescope , Discovery Report , Name Server Discovery Report , Name Server Astronote , East Asian , Eruption Time , Discovery Images , Astropy Project , Automated Photometry , Latest Data , Survey Telescope , Space Sci , All Sky Survey , Gaia Data Release , Multi Band Photometric Follow Up , Discovery Forced Photometry , Sloan Digital Sky Survey , Gamma Ray Bursters , Milky Way ,

A super-massive Neptune-sized planet

Neptune-sized planets exhibit a wide range of compositions and densities, depending on factors related to their formation and evolution history, such as the distance from their host stars and atmospheric escape processes. They can vary from relatively low-density planets with thick hydrogen–helium atmospheres1,2 to higher-density planets with a substantial amount of water or a rocky interior with a thinner atmosphere, such as HD 95338 b (ref. 3), TOI-849 b (ref. 4) and TOI-2196 b (ref. 5). The discovery of exoplanets in the hot-Neptune desert6, a region close to the host stars with a deficit of Neptune-sized planets, provides insights into the formation and evolution of planetary systems, including the existence of this region itself. Here we show observations of the transiting planet TOI-1853 b, which has a radius of 3.46 ± 0.08 Earth radii and orbits a dwarf star every 1.24 days. This planet has a mass of 73 ....

United States , Collier Cameron , Telescopio Carlos , Monte Carlo , Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program , Ames Research Center , Photometric All Sky Survey , Mission Conference , International Astronomical Union , Sloan Digital Sky , Plato Mission Conference , Kepler Science Operations Center , Meeting Of The American Astronomical Society , Program Working Group Tfop Wg Sub , Smithsonian Institution , Astrophysics Source Code Library , Gaia Early Data Release , Protoplanetary Cloud , Interest Catalog , Kepler Data Processing Handbook , Research Center , Observing Program Working Group , Sub Group , American Astronomical Society , Cumbres Observatory , Space Sci ,

Subsecond periodic radio oscillations in a microquasar

Powerful relativistic jets are one of the ubiquitous features of accreting black holes in all scales1–3. GRS 1915 + 105 is a well-known fast-spinning black-hole X-ray binary4 with a relativistic jet, termed a ‘microquasar’, as indicated by its superluminal motion of radio emission5,6. It has exhibited persistent X-ray activity over the last 30 years, with quasiperiodic oscillations of approximately 1–10 Hz (refs. 7–9) and 34 and 67 Hz in the X-ray band10. These oscillations probably originate in the inner accretion disk, but other origins have been considered11. Radio observations found variable light curves with quasiperiodic flares or oscillations with periods of approximately 20–50 min (refs. 12–14). Here we report two instances of approximately 5-Hz transient periodic oscillation features from the source detected in the 1.05- to 1.45-GHz radio band that occurred in January 2021 and June 2022. Circular pol ....

United Kingdom , Ms High Energy Astrophysics , Astrophysics Source Code Library , Astropy Project , High Energy ,

Vanadium oxide and a sharp onset of cold-trapping on a giant exoplanet

The abundance of refractory elements in giant planets can provide key insights into their formation histories1. Owing to the low temperatures of the Solar System giants, refractory elements condense below the cloud deck, limiting sensing capabilities to only highly volatile elements2. Recently, ultra-hot giant exoplanets have allowed for some refractory elements to be measured, showing abundances broadly consistent with the solar nebula with titanium probably condensed out of the photosphere3,4. Here we report precise abundance constraints of 14 major refractory elements on the ultra-hot giant planet WASP-76b that show distinct deviations from proto-solar and a sharp onset in condensation temperature. In particular, we find nickel to be enriched, a possible sign of the accretion of the core of a differentiated object during the evolution of the planet. Elements with condensation temperatures below 1,550 K otherwise closely match those of the Sun5 before sharply transitioning to b ....

United Kingdom , United States , Hans Wedepohl , D Monte Carlo , Hubble Pan , Oxford Research Encyclopedia Of Planetary Science , National Institute Of Standards , Space Sci , Galileo Probe Mass , Monte Carlo , New Crh , National Institute , Hubble Space , Research Encyclopedia , Planetary Science , Early Solar System , Arizona Press , Source Softw , Astropy Collaboration , Astropy Project ,