India's national security strategy has shifted from a defensive stance to a more proactive approach, notably with the introduction of the Doval Doctrine in 2014.
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India no longer needs to conform to norms established by other countries. Colloquially referred to as the “Jaishankar Doctrine,” this set of 21st-century foreign policy principles is enabling India to project its influence in a way it has never done so before.
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U.S.-India defense cooperation has accelerated in the past few years. In 2016, the United States designated India as a major defense partner. That same year the two countries signed a Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) that enabled them to cross-service their logistical needs. In 2018, Washington authorized India to receive license-free access to a wide range of military and dual-use technologies.
Finally, after lengthy negotiations, then-Secretary of Defense Mark Esper
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Yet, despite these many indicators of a burgeoning defense relationship between two countries that as late as the 1980s had maintained standoffish relations for decades, the Austin visit also involved a throwback to those earlier times. Austin voiced his unhappiness with India’s interest in purchasing the Russian S-400 air defense system the same system that is at the center of a dispute between the United States and Turkey. Ankara has purchased the S-400 and that has resulted in