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The genetic code of living cells has been reprogrammed to enable the site-specific incorporation of hundreds of non-canonical amino acids into proteins, and the encoded synthesis of non-canonical polymers and macrocyclic peptides and depsipeptides1–3. Current methods for engineering orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to acylate new monomers, as required for the expansion and reprogramming of the genetic code, rely on translational readouts and therefore require the monomers to be ribosomal substrates4–6. Orthogonal synthetases cannot be evolved to acylate orthogonal tRNAs with non-canonical monomers (ncMs) that are poor ribosomal substrates, and ribosomes cannot be evolved to polymerize ncMs that cannot be acylated onto orthogonal tRNAs—this co-dependence creates an evolutionary deadlock that has essentially restricted the scope of translation in living cells to α-l-amino acids and closely related hydroxy acids. Here we break this deadlock by developing tRNA d ....
Frontiers | Functional characterization of VirB/VirD4 and Icm/Dot type IV secretion systems from the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas euvesicatoria frontiersin.org - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from frontiersin.org Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
A week in Marrakech | TheCable thecable.ng - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from thecable.ng Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
A week in Marrakech | TheCable thecable.ng - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from thecable.ng Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.