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Although haemoglobin is a known carrier of oxygen in erythrocytes that functions to transport oxygen over a long range, its physiological roles outside erythrocytes are largely elusive1,2. Here we found that chondrocytes produced massive amounts of haemoglobin to form eosin-positive bodies in their cytoplasm. The haemoglobin body (Hedy) is a membraneless condensate characterized by phase separation. Production of haemoglobin in chondrocytes is controlled by hypoxia and is dependent on KLF1 rather than the HIF1/2α pathway. Deletion of haemoglobin in chondrocytes leads to Hedy loss along with severe hypoxia, enhanced glycolysis and extensive cell death in the centre of cartilaginous tissue, which is attributed to the loss of the Hedy-controlled oxygen supply under hypoxic conditions. These results demonstrate an extra-erythrocyte role of haemoglobin in chondrocytes, and uncover a heretofore unrecognized mechanism in which chondrocytes survive a hypoxic environment through Hedy. Haem ....
Fior Markets recently published a research study on Natural Source Vitamin E Market 2023 that defines the market size, market characteristics and focu ....
/PRNewswire/ The "Catharanthine Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report, By Type:; By Application; By Region; Segment Forecast, 2023-2032". ....
We have developed a new type of drug-loaded microbubble complex based on PLGA that targets gambogic acid to the area of brain tumors through UTMD. ....
[215+ Pages Report] According to a market research study published by Facts and Factors, the demand analysis of Global Tocotrienol Market size & share. ....