luncheon. 19, 1962.s on july this speech came one week after his second arrest in albany, georgia. his press club taught k more than a year before dr. king's most famous "i have a dream" speech on the national mall. here is how the evening will work. first, joe madison will interview mr. booker who was a club member, who not only attended the speech in 1962, but he helped organize it. as a member of the club's speakers committee. second, joe will interview, by telephone, dr. cb jones, dr. jones helped write the speech. then, we will hear four speech excerpts, in the order that dr. king said them. , and wehear his opening will hear his closing. and we have to excerpts in the middle of the speech. there will be a panel discussion of these first, middle, and ending section after each section. one of these middle excerpts is a video clip. everything else is audio, but there is one video clip. this video clip is the only known video clip of this speech to exist. film of no video or this event beginning to end that we know of, and we have searched far and wide. at the time we were doing these national press club lunches in the 1960's, we only recorded them, we did not film them all, as we did today. video of there is no the entirety of the speech, and we are not able to play, for you, the entirety of the speech in the q&a because that would take too long, i want you to know that this video clip, the audio, and the entire speech, is org/mlk.ebsite at press. you will also see a printed transcript of this entire event beginning to end, including all the questions he was asked that day, that is available on the website, feel free to access that and learn a lot more about this speech after tonight. after we hear the clips and discuss them, joe will interview journalist bruce johnson, and joe will close the program promptly at 9:00 p.m.. dr. king's appearance here was one of the most significant things to ever happen at the national press club. and to mark the significance of this event, and let me tell you, it is long past due, we have made a plaque that we are bringing out for the first time here today, and i said at the beginning that we would do this. we will put this plaque right outside the stores of the ballroom just to the left, there is a photo of lbj and nexen there right now. lbj and nixon are going to get moved, they will not go away, but they are going to get moved to get moved because that is a highly prominent spots to have observed this highly significant event happened and that plaque will be at the national press club, which really is a living museum if you walk around and look at the walls. that plaque will be there as long as the press club stands. and while i am only president for another week, believe me, if i ever come back and do not see that placating there, there will be nonviolent direct action to make sure that that plaque is returned. [laughter] [applause] >> i don't think anybody's ever going to move it, frankly, because we are all in all of what we're all going to hear tonight, and i heard some of the excerpts earlier this afternoon and it sent chills down my spine with no further a, i want to introduce mr. joe madison. [applause] joe: thank you. for more than half a century, simeon booker devoted his career to journalism, race relations, black politics, and watched the civil rights movement evolved from its very beginning and the stories that he and his fellow black journalists told and the things they encountered are chronicled in a book that he has written, a biography, and putting this panel together, the first thing that we had to do was make sure that all of the participants are alive and here with us. when you consider it has been 50 plus years, we wanted to dig deep and far and get people who understood exactly what went on. it is interesting, the national press club, the very first beaker -- first beaker as you heard, was martin luther king, jr. you begin to wonder why it took so long to have the first speaker in 1962, you could've had jackie robinson, thurgood marshall, marian anderson, the list goes on and on. pretty washington. then you realize, they did not invent the first -- invite the first woman to the press club until 1971. and nikita khrushchev made that happen. so, we have come a long way and the person who has watched that journey is simeon booker. simeon booker, ladies and gentlemen, if you do not know, jet magazine would not be jet magazine without simeon booker and his piece. [applause] carol, isis wife, right beside him and let's give her a round of applause. [applause] joe: now, first of all thank you for being here. let's get to this, you were on the committee that actually dr. mlk to beite the speaker, to the best of your recollection, what went on in that meeting? what was it like? and carol, you can fill in, because i know you have an extensive paragraph in his autobiography about that meeting, but what you remember, simeon? simeon: [indiscernible] carol: he did or member when he wrote this book. he has asked me to -- let's see if this my jar his memory. carol: and 97, memory fades with every day. from "shocking the conscience." 2013, wrote this in published by university press of mississippi, ironically. he writes that he remembered the first time dr. king spoke at the club in 1962. simeon was only the second member of the club. joe: the second african-american? carol: the second african-american. was sponsored for membership, he was urged to be an active member and he was. he joined the speakers committee, which was one of the most important committees because it was the committee that chose the speakers for these wonderful newsmaker luncheons, here at the club. proposed that dr. king speak. dr. king had gotten some notoriety, a lot of press because of the montgomery bus s, but here never been interviewed by the national press. simeon thought the time had come. it was a year before the march on washington and the "i have a dream" speech. and it was two years before dr. king became the youngest recipient of the nobel peace prize. so, he still had not been named time magazine's man of the year, either. magazine had had dr. king on , and ifr at least twice you know the history of jet magazine, the cover was usually a young starlet, a pretty, young woman. it was a newsmaker, taking the cover. that was rather unusual for johnson publishing. jr. haduther king, never addressed a large audience of the national press. also, at the same time, in 1962, fbi, even earlier, the itself, will admit that j edgar asver had targeted dr. king a possible pawn of the communist movement in america. anybody who participated in civil rights at that time was suspect by the fbi as being not only a troublemaker, but communist pawn of the movement. pressedgar hoover use the and people that he knew to send out rumors and i think it might have been that, more than any racial issue, that caused dissension on the committee. joe: to invite him to speak. carol: because the chairman of the committee resigned in protest when the committee accepted simeon's recommendation to let dr. king speak. joe: the chairman of the speakers committee? carol: yes. this speech, itself, as it will get to later on, is a magnificent speech. and you can tell from the questions that follow debt, that the seat had been planted because there is one question about whether it had been written by stanley levinson, a new york lawyer who was considered by the fbi to be communist tainted. joe: maybe i can get closer with his microphone, so if you could, is there anything, simeon, that you have heard that you want to add or day carol pretty much get your thoughts there that you put down in the book? carol: can you hear joe? ; yes. carol: is there anything you add to my brilliant summary? [laughter] carol: are going home together tonight. simeon: keep talking. [laughter] [applause] joe: i got that treatment when i first walked into his office many years ago. "keep talking." carroll: sometimes it's better when i'm not in the room, because then he will talk. if i'm here, he will say, you do it. come on, simeon, talk a bit. ; about what? carol: dr. king. simeon: i've almost forgotten him. simeon when hesk was on the freedom rides, how did he feel when the back of the bus when people were being beaten up and he will say, i don't remember. 50 years later, he is in the most vivid event -- especially when there is one event after another. mind, i willon't tell you what i want to do, which is to go to another individual who is out in san francisco at stanford university. i had the pleasure of interviewing him on several occasions, he was dr. king's advisor and lawyer and by the way, his speechwriter. it was by chance that we were discussing this program that i mentioned we would be doing this and he said, i helped write that speech. is dr. clarence jones, who is at stanford university at the martin luther king jr. research and education institute. jantz, i know you are a long way away, but can you hear me? dr. jones: i can hear you. joe: can we give them a round of applause? [applause] have -- joe: we have given the background of this. to important was the speech dr. king at the time? dr. jones: we thought it was an important speech. first of all, let me just a for the record, this speech was fundamentally his speech, but there was a lot of discussion about it. about the material he should consider was jointly done with stanley levinson. the fbi was right, stanley levinson and i played a great role in preparing the text of the speech. -- a rather cynical his plannedard appearance. joe: why was that? 1962,nes: in [indiscernible] -- involved in a campaign offer georgia. public facilities. dr. king had been in and out of georgia. someone, i don't think he says it, but i'm one said to me, i don't think that there has ever been a need growth that has ever spoken at the national press club. , i find thatell hard to believe, but i guess it is. --i called up lily martin louis martin on the democratic national committee. joe: would you mind telling his audience who louis martin was at the time? dr. jones: he was the highest-ranking black and the democratic party. -- id, [indiscernible] i said, why has it taken so long to get a negro at the press club? and he said, you need to ask them. i said, that is what i am asking you. certainly say we, martin luther king, jr., stanley levinson, the particularly dr. king, we were focused on albany, georgia. to speakw the occasion at the press club. at him speaking about, not just albany, but the broader issue of race in america, because yes, he had received a lot of prominence from the montgomery bus boycotts, and by 1960 had been on the cover of time magazine, but a large majority of america, they just knew that there was a preacher -- [indiscernible] knew,idn't know what we that he was probably as erudite and more erudite than the people have spoken at the national press club. being the moniker of about the speech, -- [indiscernible] dr. king was brilliant, had a photographic memory, and was a scholar. critical of the national press club, and also critical of dr. king because he did not seem to respond to what i wanted him to take a much more harsher position. i wanted him to, when he spoke about being there, i wanted him to actually say as part of the speech, why has it taken so long for an african -- a negro to speak at the national press club. and he said no, that is often issue. this is july of 1962. president kennedy is the president of the united states. robert kennedy as the attorney general. speaker before me, -- let me say for the record, from , until december 31st, 1967, every single telephone call, without 24/7, everything will telephone call that took place between martin luther king, jr., clarence jones, stanley levinson, every single one was wiretapped. and the conversations transcribed. first, by handwritten notes, and then they were typed, and marked top-secret. it is a little bit off-topic, but your listener should know , anddisrespect to the fbi opportunityer, any where dr. king would be celebrated person was the last thing in the world he would have wanted. hisanted to destroy reputation. secondhand, ind don't have it before me, but i remember reading in the transcript of the wiretapped files, his file before they started tapping the joint file --1963, j edgar hoover anyway, everybody knows this. joe: -- question frominal me and then if you can expand, we only have a couple more minutes. that is ok. what was dr. king's reaction after the speech? how did he feel the reception was? what was his thought after his historic speech? dr. jones: i asked him, and i said, how are you received? i was not there. overid, i thought it went very well. people --ometimes even some of our friends, they have difficulty when you talk about matters publicly that they are embarrassed to hear. standpoint, hes felt that the mere fact that he spoke at the press club, the mere fact that he talked about the issues, which were confronting america as a result of his experience, coming from -- and he mentions a couple of times, at least one time, and i remember it in his speech, because i wanted it to be mentioned more, he was in albany, georgia, and i wanted him to talk about albany being a template or microcosm of what we are trying to do in the south. he was pleased. i don'tthink he was -- think he was overwhelmed in any way. i think he was just pleased. his first reaction was, they did not boo me. i said, well, let's see what happens in the press and how they're going to try to tear you up in the press. afterward. i do not recall -- him gettingt recall any negative press be back. joe: dr. jones, thank you so much for taking the time to join us. i really appreciate the insight. thank you very much. [applause] the audioet's go to clip, at least in part, of what dr. jones was talking about. [vlip] dr. king: mr. chairman, members ofed guests, the national press club, ladies welcomelemen, i warmly the opportunity to address such a distinguished group of journalists. as has been said, i almost not make it. convictedweek, i was and the city court of albany, georgia, for participating in a peaceful march, protesting segregated conditions in that community. i decided on the basis of conscience, not to pay the fine serve the jail sentence of 45 days. just as i was about to get adjusted to my new home for 45 days, reverend abernathy and i were noted by that some unknown donor had paid our finds -- fines, and that we had to leave the job. as the atlanta constitution suggested the other day, we have now reached a new landmark in race relations. we have witnessed persons being ejected from lunch counters during the citizens -- the sit-ins. and thrown into jail during the freedom rides. before the first time, we witness persons being kicked out of jail. [laughter] said,ng: victor hugo once that that is nothing more ,owerful and all of the world then an idea whose time has come. anyone sensitive to the present modes in our nation must know that the time for racial justice has come. the issue is not whether segregation and discrimination will be eliminated, but how they will pass from the american scene. with theme start mississippi organizer during the civil rights movement and worked with the federal government on minority business development, 's legacysident of sncc board, and i'm always so intimidated when i get around him, because he is just a brilliant individual, just let me get your initial reaction, because i know that you prepped for this, so you must have some thoughts before you came in here, when you were invited. just your initial reaction about this whole situation and what you just heard, what you heard and also, maybe a little history about the relationship of dr. king with sncc at that time in albany. courtland: before i begin, i would just like to say that i -- beingworking with in the same place with simeon when adam clayton powell dickere and it gregory -- gregory, in 1966 or 1967 and he was a person of high regard at that point, and was important to telling the story, as we know, jet magazine, along with simeon and larry stills were very important getting the message out. what strikes me about listening to dr. king and listening to whileey jones, is that america wants to celebrate how far it has come, and it should celebrate how far it has come, those of us who were involved in ,etting america to this point face very difficult circumstances, because from attorney jones's tone about being wiretapped, being talked about and thought about as a communist, being disregarded. clearly, dr. king was a brilliant person, as we have stated here tonight. but being disregarded as someone who is making a tremendous contribution, that what strikes me about mlk's opening statement is that understanding all of the difficulties that we were facing, in albany, georgia -- of course, they started the jail, nobel discussion. they were going to fill the jails. people were beginning to really deal with it, direct action. dr. king facing all of that in the south, not only in the south, but j edgar hoover, the distrust of, in some respects, the kennedy administration, he came here and made such an opening statements, he was able to be affable. -- not really be give you the sense of frustration that dr. jones talked about. was dr. kings bay contribution to america, when america needed to see a face of what was going on, the question that was always there, what do es want?o that was the question that was always post. and to face all that he faced in the south, and to come here and know that he was the first, and as you pointed out, there can marshal -- joe: jesse owens. courtland: knowing that they had not only disregarded him, but a whole group of people, not because they did not make any contribution, but because of the ignorance that people had, for him to come here and to be so gracious and to be so good about his opening, i think was the thing that struck me, in terms of the opening statement. joe: another person came to my mind. dr. ralph, who won the nobel peace prize and had not been invited here. judy richardson and i was told waset you know, that she here before you were, and on time. [laughter] joe: they have a thing going. member with sncc in the 1960's and one of the most outstanding documentarians, and to her credit, she worked on the 14 hour, eyes on the prize, that won an academy award. [applause] talk about how dr. king, in speaking here, was gracious, affable, i made a notes, the first attempt at humor in the first part of the speech seems to fall flat. there were a few jokes there that just not get a response, and i assume people just cannot get it. maybe, i don't know what they were expecting, but they did not get it. about albany.k what was going on in albany? mature,older now, more but at the time, let's be honest, mlk also had a major, ator confrontation with sncc that time in albany. i read a comment by my good friends, the late great, julian asd who referred to dr. king "the lord" and "here he comes." talk about that, because dr. king did not even bring that into the discussion in the speech. judy: they asked him, what is it about the conflict, and he says, we have no conflict. that is what we've always said. on the ground organizing, we do not have that conflict. naacp, and the youth groups of the naacp, particularly the rural areas where they had cc bryant, and all of those grassroots leadership, there was no problem. i think we had a different organizing style, dr. king was this incredible, intelligent, but he was also a charismatic leader. so, what we would say, is that we are doing grassroots leadership from the bottom up. so, when i think about albany, i think not only of dr. king and his spending time in jail, but i think of mama dolly nurtured us, who protected us with her 12 gauge. the many women in albany, georgia, and now county, wheeze to call it terrible carol. example,listen to, for bernice johnson reagan, who is the founder of sweet honey in the rock, it has been at the smithsonian for years, she comes out of the albany, georgia, movement. the youth movement was the absolute engine that came through in albany. building a in leadership, locally, that would survive even our deaths. so that, the main thing was, you are not the leaders. you are building leadership from the ground at and we were building leadership among those who normally would not have had a voice. so, when i look at -- for example, i should say, eyes on the prize, all 14 hours, is about to come on on sunday on the world channel, sunday just before downton abbey, at 8:00 p.m. the first will be at 7:30 p.m. with a 30 minute wraparound. i've been working on it with wgbh. but all 14 hours. a lot of stations do not get it. but, starting in february, it will go systemwide on pbs. again, it is all 14 hours. it is not just the freedom rides, when you get into that second hour, you hear dr. king's speeches. the fourth hour of the second series, it is all devoted to him and where he is talking against the vietnam war, you see the riverside speech. as a matter of fact, when he is talking about the fact that it did not cost the nation one penny to integrate lunch counters, but now we need is a radical redistribution of economic power. you see where he is now, which is incredible, but then you see him going into chicago in the second series. you see it in footage, with the people who were interviewed, and you see him going and trying to take the nonviolent action north to chicago. what happens when you go into northern racism, and that entrenched stuff. joe: how did the media, the press, respond to this, because one of the things that carol book isd in simeon's that dr. king, most people do but theize this, reality is that a lot of young people here think that it was constant news coverage. that the news coverage was constant. but that was not the case. franklin wants to jump in on this. but, it was not constant news coverage, was a? lord knows we were not getting a tremendous amount of news in the southern campaign. but you had the black press. explain the importance of the black press. franklin: we had a very divided society at the time. i'm going to talk about the washington, d.c., of 1952. african-americans cannot eat in any of the restaurants near here. we cannot stay in any of the hotels. my mother and father came here in graduate school. and my father said there was nowhere that he could eat except the supreme court and the methodist building. working at the library congress. of course, we never stayed in hotels in washington. joe: where did you stay? friend: we stay with relatives. whenever we travel. you either touch the green book which told you where you could stay, where you could eat, and washington, d.c., in the north or the south, and puerto rico, and the bahamas, and in mexico. joe: the doctor can carry a green book around? franklin: everyone had to carry at least a set of contacts or phone numbers. when we left are going to north carolina, when i saw the iwo jima bridge as a four-year-old, i knew that meant no more bathrooms, no more restaurants, no more filling stations until he got to our friends home. we would take our lunch from here and use the facilities of our friends in petersburg and eat the lunch. joe: tie that into the significance of then dr. king ,een invited in july of 1962 because then, i guess he had to hightail it out of town or stay at a cousins house? franklin: 1962 is the same year that the -- club rejected someone for mentorship. i came to washington, d.c., in 1960. the washington post had ads both for whites and blacks. the only place we could go, the restaurant that we could go to, i think there were maybe three restaurants that let people could go to. , keys restaurant, and billy simpson's. clifton terrace, right up on 13 straight -- 13 street, was segregated. black people cannot move into that. stokely carmichael was one of the first people to move into clifton terrace. this place made -- it was not only the press club, someone said you cannot have any black bus drivers because they would steal the money. town, we know was ruled by , i think mcmillan, and the people from the south. they ran the political situation. so, it was not only the press club, itself, was part of the -- one of the first things i did here, when i came to washington, d.c., is go to rfk stadium because they had no black people on the redskins team. know washington, so basically when dr. king came here, what john is talking about is what we all face, whether we lived here are whether we were traveling. thatwhat simeon did at point, 50 plus years, it took a lot of charts -- heart for simeon to walk into -- this time, it was not just the press club, the whole environment, the whole society that was close to the black community. and for simeon to take that stand was a tremendous courage. joe: in the professional organization, the american bar association did not accept blacks. the american dental association did not accept lacks. therefore, we had a parallel universe, a professional organization for black doctors, black physicians, dentists come a black attorneys. this, we have a video clip that you are going to see. then, an audio clip that you will hear. so, let's play those if you do not mind. right now. the video and the audio. [clip] dr. king -- or submit to unjust practices. we will do this peacefully and openly. because our aim is to persuade. we have not the means of nonviolence because our -- [indiscernible] at peace with itself. we will try to persuade with our words, but if our words fail, we will try to persuade with our acts. we will always be willing to talk and seek their compromise. and we are ready to suffer when necessary, and even risk our lives to become witnesses to the truth, as we see it. involved in a campaign to involve millions of negroes in the use of the franchise. some of our workers have already suffered violence and arrests for their reference. that we will continue. we believe that with violent intensified actions, the correspondingly expanded federal government program of vigorous law enforcement is indisputable. dr. king: this is where nonviolence breaks of communism and any other method which contends that the end justifies the means. meanseal sense, the represent the ideal and the making. the ends, and process. in the long run, destructive means cannot bring about constructive ends. because, the end is preexistent in the means. nonviolent resistance also provides a creative force through which men can channelized that discontent. it does not require that they abandon their discontent, this discontent is found and healthy. fromolent phase degenerating into morbid bitterness and hatred. hate is always tragic. as injurious to the hader as it is to be hated. a psychiatrist tells us now that many of the inner conflicts and things that happen in the sock -- subconscious r-rated and hate. so, they are now same level or perish. this is the beauty of nonviolence. it says that you can struggle without hating. you can fight war without violence. and it is my great hope, that as the negro plunges deeper into the quest for freedom, he will plunge even deeper into the velocity of nonviolence. as a race, we must work passionately and unrelentingly for our first class citizenship. we must never use second-class methods to gain it. often, we mustso never succumb to the contagion of using violence in our struggle, for if this happens, unborn generations will be the recipients of a long and desolate night of bitterness, and our chief legacy to the future will be an endless reign of meaningless chaos. the nonviolent resistance can summarize our message in the following simple terms: we will take direct action against injustice without waiting for other agents to act. we will not obey unjust laws, or submit to unjust practices. we will do this peacefully and openly. because our aim is to persuade. we adopt the means of nonviolence because our and as a community at peace with itself. we will try to persuade with our words. but if our words fail, we will try to persuade with our acts. we will always be willing to talk and seek their compromise, but we are ready to suffer when necessary, and even risk our lives to become witnesses to the truth as we see it. joe: let me tell you -- [applause] to: i did not get a chance properly introduce him, dr. john for the national museum of african american history and culture, the gorgeous building going up over there. and, of course, his father, john hope franklin, along with his father, he co-edited the book, "my life and era." the also served as advisor on the document resell -- documentary film. i have to tell you, dr. franklin, that is a tough audience he was speaking before. i mean, there were so many applause lines, i'm listening, that today, people would have been on their feet. think what we just heard from courtland and you and the others about what washington was. the establishment was segregated. and he gave that kind of speech. that had to be -- i'm sorry, but, it certainly was not his audience. am i over exaggerating this? dr. brickley? dr. franklin: not at all. we grew up being able to function into societies. joe: how does that apply to lobby hard? dr. franklin: we grew up being able to function in the black community, and he went to boston university. he can function in white academia. academics was a segregated as any other at that time. , what were theer issues when he arrived here in 1947? and he said, the big question in the city was, what george washington university lose their auditorium, and be open for everyone. the answer during his lifetime here was, no, it remained a segregated facility. so universities, the universities that we see now, georgetown, american university, george washington, they were exclusively white institutions. university of maryland, college park, my father was the first black professor there in 1964. when we arrived in hyattsville, there is a crisis of a black family moving in. the neighborhood demands to meet with the industry department to ask, who are these negroes moving and? where the coming? how long of a saying and how many children did they have? place. into a hostile i did not think i would ever want to live here. nobody spoke to us. i have lived in hostile new york, but i had not experienced this. significance,the what do you think came out of the speech that we are celebrating here? what is amazing to me is that martin luther king, jr. was 33 years old. think of another 33-year-old whatn who not only faced dy talked about and what john is talking about and what simeon wrote about, and you talk about hostile environments, he had to craft a message and a strategy, and a way of approaching that so that we would move forward as opposed to beginning to move in on each other. i mean, when you think of the brilliance of martin luther king, jr., at 33 years old, and he had already been on the scene for at least eight years. i thinkense is that when people think of -- when sncc andhink about a martin luther king, jr. and so forth, in 1962, i was 21 years old. there were others, old people, we consider people old in sncc if they were 20 years old. -- 28 years old. it does seem to me that what america has to appreciate, not only in terms of nok, but in terms of that whole generation of people who were generally olding from 17 or 18 years to martin luther king, jr. being at the outer limits of 33, a whole strategy or story our rhetoric that was able to move this country from where it had been to where it needed to go. i think that is something that people need to really appreciate, the genius of that group of people that made the difference. joe: i wondered, because i assume at that time, most of the members of the press club were active journalists? they were colonists. there were journalists. i just wonder, what the impact speech?r that judy: you mentioned the negro press. they were not in that room. but when you talk about the alternate universe, one of the things that you get amazed about with dr. king, and you see it throughout, and it is what allowed -- even though we may have had different organizing sncc people used to go over to dr. king's hall stressed sunday dinner. because there is interaction. it was so open. it was not just that he was absolutely brilliant, and when you listen to them, is even different than seeing on the page. when you hear him speak, when you hear that riverside speech, -- a lot ofr the this beach is he is doing around economic equity, i sat in my car here in d.c., at the hopeful parking lot. i'm sitting there because the pacifica station was playing a speech he had done about -- right after he received the nobel prize. and he is talking about southeast asia. ingives a 30 minute lecture the amazing wording and the feeling that he always had, he could story tell that. i would not move for my car. and it was cold. i would not move from the car because he was so -- he brought it all home. and the historical grounding that he had is so amazing. when i mention this thing about sncc and whatever conflict there might've been around organizers, that was not about dr. king, though. there might've been some concerns around some other c staff, bute scl not dr. king because he was always so open. courtland: i think the question you had, when i think about it, -- i will give you an answer that may not be the best, but it really did not make a difference what those journalists thought in that room. because, going back to this communist discussion, there was communism as a whole big thing after the mccarthy era and all of that, where people think that some of the rhetoric today was bad, but when we were down there, the whole thing about , and i was down fromssissippi and a woman a local community came up and said to me, i am really glad that you are coming -- you communists are here to help us out. [laughter] courtland: it didn't make a difference. was a big guilt with kennedy and this country -- a big deal with kennedy and this country. and were talking about stan levinsohn other people, but in sncc and people in the local communities and so forth, all of this was fully shares. classis chatter of the war, about whether this was communist or if dr. king was this. they saw the day-to-day realities, the ability to eat. feed their families. deal with terror. we want to talk about terror, we faced terror. and i think for dr. king, and other people and civil rights movements, is that they faced terror and they were able to develop strategies that did not paralyze them. they were able to move to change. joe: they kept moving. next audiogo to our clip. this will be the last audio clip that we will hear. and it is the end of the speech. of thisnear the end brilliant speech that he gave here at the national press club. listen up. [clip] dr. king: we have come to the day where a peaceful freedom is not enough for us as human beings, nor for the nation of which we are a part. we have been given pieces, but unlike bread, a slice of which does diminish hunger, a piece of liberty no longer suffices. freedom is like life. you cannot be given life in installments, you cannot be given breath, but nobody. nor your hearts but no blood vessels. freedom is one thing. you have it all, or you are not free. and our goal is freedom. i believe we will win it because the goal of the nation is freedom. destiny is bound up with the destiny of america. we built it for two centuries without wages. we made con -- cotton king. we built our homes and homes of our masters. through injustice and humiliation, and out of a bottomless vitality continue to live and grow. the inexpressible cruelties of slavery did not extinguish our existence. the opposition, we now face, surely fail. we feel that we are the conscience of america. we are its troubled soul. we will continue to insist that rightly done, because both god's will and the heritage of our nation speak through our echoing demands. we are simply seeking to bring into full realization the american dream, the dream yet unfulfilled, the dream of equality of opportunity, of privilege and property, widely distributed, the dream of a land where men no longer are subjected to the contents of a man's character being decided by the color of his skin. where every man will respect the dignity and worth of human personality. this is a dream, and when it is realized, the jangly discord of our nation will be transformed into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. and men everywhere will know that america is truly the land of the free, and the home of the brave. [applause] [applause] panelists and our we're going to, let me do this as i go across the panel. note. a i wonder what the journalists at the national press club expected to hear. they never heard and african-americans speak at their luncheon. i doubt if many of them had traveled to montgomery or to the south to hear king speak. what did they expect to hear? i don't mean this to be rude. was he talking over their heads? it.nder if they got i'm just asking you to reflect. >> is difficult to imagine what they thought. they may have expected a preacher but not a scholar. i think that they were probably surprised. at the presentation, at the decorum, at his civility. wilkerson, isabel and she talks about the meanness thate laws and the customs control the lives of black defies it's really migration theory. peopleration of black out of this terror is much more like people fleeing famine and war. black people were subjected to in the south and also in the mean.was i don't think that america expected to hear about itself. to hear that it was not giving the promise of america. judy richardson: he and so many others were able to survive that and to build organizations to help their communities thrive. he was so well grounded in his community and in himself. it didn't matter what the press thought. prize weid eyes on the had to go to the black press for photos. jet was always there. chicago defender. the black press was that alternate universe. >> i was very interested in the questions that the club transcribed. it reflects everything that has been sent so far. they were surprised. they were dubious. this wasn'ter said anything like the speech he gave in albany. explainedry nicely when i am preaching i preach and this is not that audience. teaching, telling people what they needed to know rather than extorting them to take some kind of action. after this he was on meet the , i think five times before he was assassinated. he had larger audiences than this afterwards. he could go over the same kinds of things that two or three reporters were asking him about. this was his introduction to the national press and it didn't end here. >> the courage to be one of only two african-americans in the press club at that time and the courage to go into that speakers say i want to martin luther king to be a luncheon speaker. think about this, to have the once the committee decided they were going to do this. it took a great deal of courage on the part of simeon booker. [applause] cortlandt: it was a range of reactions. on one and there was a small group of people who were just hateful. people it wasf something to do. at the other end of couple of frome like claude sifton the new york times may have gotten it. there was a lot of confusion. we would go somewhere to make a about,and we would talk not in such eloquent terms. the question and answer comes up. the first question we get is that, is it true that you want to marry my daughter? you would talk about your freedom and the need to change the relationship that existed in this country between blacks and whites. the first question would come up on several occasions about sex. kingse is that when there washis audience a range of reactions. end were hateful. in the middle.e maybe 15% got what he was trying to say. i am going to introduce now, he had to anchor the news. my good friend here in usa, heon at the view emmy awards.d the aw awardestigious tailgates that is only given with a unanimous vote. a unanimous vote. with that let me welcome to our panel bruce johnson. of wusa. [applause] me and said i am going to be late. how should we approach that? bring us up to date. where are we now? where is the national press now? it didn't take me but two with three sentences and then you were rolling. if you don't mind, i want you to tell people what you said to me on the phone as to what the message is you wanted to get across on this occasion. yearsfinally after 50 recognizing a speech that many of us are hearing for the very first time. how fascinating that speech is. i keep thinking how does it apply to today. can we apply it to today? bruce: i want to thank everybody up here. beneficiary of dr. kang and of each and every one of you. everything that you have done and the courage you have shown. you paid to the past. paved the path. [applause] they may not invite me back to speak. i'm going to tell you what i really think. just my opinion. of civiloduct disturbances in the 60's. in 19 608i graduated from high school. i spilled out into the streets. the national guard when in and we were at the other end. i was even sure why was out there except my friends were out there. why i was outout there. king it didn't come to louisville that often. that is the cloth that i'm cut from. i have serious concerns about where we are today. didn't need permission. he didn't care what people are going to say or do. he knew why he was here. i really don't care if they heard what he said. such ald you not hear great or greater? orator? sit is intowhere i the issue that it once was. federal protection of the laws. companies now know that racist behavior can cost you a lot of money. a lot of us go to social media. indifference is a big issue. a lot of my friends, white friends, they went to the polls and they voted for barack obama. they thought that was the end. we've done it. to ron walters and i said what does this mean? he said, it doesn't mean much. it will give you something to say look atids and this. much as he did with jackie robinson in baseball. it will give you much more than that. he put out there then you'll figure it out. that's what he was saying. then you see the state of the union address and the guy yells ie. you l indifference is still a big problem. friends.hite it is a very big problem with journalists. race still sells. we run to a race story. it has all the elements, ,iolence, fear misunderstanding, unpredictability. it is a great live shot. is gray television. it is great television. we'll look at their lives. the masses are interested in .hat our business has gone through a lot of change. the good side of social media is that the things that are not covered by mainstream can get covered. you fall in line. you may not have time for those kinds of stories. it doesn't have to be that competition. take your favorite network. not fox, but the other ones. race, you find black people on the panel. if it's about the economy, international affairs, politics at the highest level, it will be an all-white panel. a predominantly white male panel. they will sprinkle in white women. white women are the biggest beneficiaries of affirmative action. that's a fact, it is not slamming anybody. what is wrong with this picture? no thought of it. is guy making the decision the same guy who years ago after was made to think diversity. you know exactly what i'm talking about. we no longer work at diversity. you have to think outside the box. joe: what do we work at? bruce: you are rewarded for that. , they in washington reward me for that because that's what we're about. it doesn't mean i'm going to call you out on it. were supposed to make people uncomfortable. we're supposed to make public officials accountable. you still do that. the diversity thing comes from turning this around. don't hire one guy. diversity is good business. isn't that difficult? if i want black people to watch me, or hispanics, i am putting them on tv. i'm good until you go out that community. we come back to indifference. i haven't made it part of my training to know your community. culprit is the minority who comes into the shop and doesn't want to cover his or her own community. i mentor a lot of young people. i young hispanic woman who didn't want to cover the hispanic community. i said that's your base. they are looking at you because of you. it takes courage. you have to stand up to the power structure. you have to be good. this is a business. andhave to convince people sometimes you do it through your work. a good story is a good story. on 60 minutes, in terms of editing and being slick it is some of the worst television production wise that is the number one show because they tell good stories. it is a big part of my job to here isose i work with something you need to know about this person. we have the former sncc people here. i am thinking parallel black lives matter. there is a parallel there. young people get treated and covered the way that they cover the sncc people. i want to get back to the black lives matter. white people generally have no idea that white people police this way in white communities and that way in black communities. people havehite armedhot by police then black people. more unarmed black people get shot by police than whites people. shootings aretal coming at the hands of white male police officers. training is a big part of this. stuff,know this kind of we know that community policing works. just go to west baltimore. police department that isn't from the schools that doesn't live in the community they are committing considered an occupying force. if i chase you and your run, now i have cause to arrest you. that is zero tolerance. a white kid running down naked is avenue but not to be arrested. he's going to take and to a mental institution but he is not a be treated the same way as black youth in other parts of town. black lives matter because it is open to the eyes of white people. cortland: there is a mindset of whose people defined this. the black community has been defined one way. the thing that is critical is this whole drug issue. were 49,000 drug overdoses in the united states last year. number one state's utah. the other vermont's. new hampshire, these are the white communities where opiates are there. the governor of maine says it's because you black men who are coming up the main and selling heroin. cortland: people get introduced to these drugs. see,we are beginning to most black people who are in jail today for use of drugs. zero tolerance. now it is happening in the white community. now it is a social problem. it is a problem of health. i think that at some point what the difference is is who is making the decision, who was making the call. begin, we will see another iteration beyond black lives matter where we begin to come back to that discussion to seek out to define our lives to define what the definition is of good and bad. how money is spent by the government. how the police act because i think at some point we will move from the discussion of being in protest to being in power. that is the next stage. judy: what we did in september was a lot of the young activists from the larger black lives matter wanted to know what did you do. we knew the communication organizingssroots not just mobilizing and demonstrating and they really wanted to know how do you do that. she comes in from the trayvon martin group in florida and i was saying how do i do something beyond just responding. have you start being proactive. demonstrating when the cops killed yet another black person. joe: who is in charge of the news media? , the media give people what they want rather than what they need. that is not good for democracy. bruce: we tell people what they need first and then we give it to them. most people can't tell you what they want, you judge that by how many people watch it. they want black people covered as part of the mainstream and not just the underclass. there is no simple answer. when you go out and do that , not just people that look like you are think like you and act like you, think in terms of we have the same values and we are also interested in our kids being educated we also have some knowledge right it comes to education and business. when it comes to science. it doesn't have to be a white guy. does it have to be a white mathematician? you have to work at diversity. you are changing the mindset and the culture. we decide. it is a collective editorial rome. have people of color at the table. if there is nobody who looks like you at the table, you are not deciding siding. the people at the table decide. nobody is sitting up there at the corporate level and telling us. joe: can we give this distinguished group of people around of applause? [applause] [applause] joe: i will end with a shameless plug. you can hear this on sirius xm radio on martin luther king day. you.e thank all of thank you for doing this. if it does get moved when you come back and you need help in a nonviolent approach, call me. i will make sure that we will bring the group of people to keep it where it should be prominent. i think dr. martin luther king would be proud of these people. that you for finding speech. may it never be lost again. thank you very much. [applause] you are watching american history tv all weekend to weekend on c-span3. like us on facebook. next, journalists paul brandes discusses his book under this roof about the white house and the presidency. 21 inside stories. he explains how presidents from george washington to barack obama have left their imprint on the executive mansion. abraham lincoln's war office. jfk's situation room. the study of george washington at mount vernon.

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