much more work is needed to protect all parts of the uk from the impact of climate change. a new government assessment of the risks concludes that even current levels of global warming will cost the country billions of pounds every year within a few decades. the report warns that while the world aims to limit warming to 1.5 degrees, the evidence shows that rises of up to 4 degrees by the end of the century certainly can't be ruled out. our climate editor justin rowlatt spells out the implications. remember arwen? i can barely stand up! the monster storm that ripped down trees and pylons across much of the north of the uk in november. more than 200,000 homes were left without power. we have had to sleep with all the clothes on because it's been so cold in the bedrooms. be warned, the government says today, we can expect more extreme weather as our world continues to warm, and we aren't prepared. we are already seeing more severe, extreme weather of many types. this is having an impact and we are not ready for the climate change that's already happening, let alone the climate change which is on the way. uk temperatures won't necessarily rise in line with the global average. this is now. we sometimes get temperatures 2 degrees above average in the south of england. now, if average global temperatures rise by 2 degrees, the increase would be more like 3 degrees. but we should also be prepared for this says this latest assessment of the risks of climate change. it's unlikely, but if global temperatures were to rise by 4 degrees, maximum summer temperatures in the south could be as much as 7 degrees hotter with the north up to six degrees hotter. the risks cut right across society, say ministers. infrastructure, roads, sewage systems, power stations will struggle as storms, droughts, floods and heatwaves become more frequent and more intense. 0ur health and productivity will suffer. farms will struggle to produce as much food. at the same time, the supply of goods from abroad is likely to be disrupted. to meet these challenges, the government needs to take action right away say its independent advisers on climate change. we really have got to start thinking about adaptation in everything we do. we've really got to start taking seriously the fact that our climate is changing and we are going to see quite significant changes over the next 30 years. the good news is that today's report finds investing in protecting the country from climate change is good value, with every pound delivering up to ten times that in economic benefits. but we all need to begin to make these investments now if we are going to be ready for the coming storms. justin rowlatt, bbc news. now on bbc news, it's time for the travel show, with christa larwood. this week on the show: how to survive one of the planet's longest lockdowns. we decided to start looking at how we're going to survive, how we're going to keep our staff engaged, how we're going to create revenue. the island with pride of place in lgbt history. it was pretty young the first time i visited the sunken forest and i think pulling in on that ferry, and next to the american flag, was this big beautiful rainbow flag. and just what is it that makes paris feel so parisian? theme music plays i've returned to my home city of melbourne after a long time away during the covid crisis. while this city has come through the pandemic well so far, in terms of preserving life, it has still suffered a big upheaval. if you ask the locals, they will tell you melbourne is the most locked down city in the world. that may or may not be exactly true, but it's certain that this city has endured a lot of restrictions, with 262 days of lockdown between march 2020 and october 2021. and one of the things the hardest hit was its internationally renowned food scene. but i'd heard that among the challenges they'd face, industry here was adapting and evolving. melbourne's food scene is really unique. i think it's because we are so isolated down here on the bottom of the planet, we've had to actually do it ourselves, but we're also the product of every different nation in the world which has come here over the last couple of hundred years and set up shop here. without the footfall of the city workers during the pandemic, melbourne city centre restaurants in particular suffered. but in the suburbs of melbourne, the opposite was happening. people were able to walk to their local takeaway or restaurants were turned into enotecas and delis. ok, so we're here, this is the place? 0ne place which has adapted was anchovy, a south east asian restaurant which started selling bahn mi sandwiches from a food truck during the pandemic and was so successful, they've opened a dedicated bahn mi sandwich bar. oh, my goodness! so, who's having the sardines? they're all for me. what are you having? laughter we'll share, we'll share... it looks incredible. that's good, i'm so glad, thank you. there's been a lot of creativity and a lot of community, a lot of banding together in a way that ijust don't think we've ever seen before. people sort of went back to basics, but thenjust elevated those basics. so, if you look at this sausage, for example, that's notjust something that's been bought or made by a butcher, they make this in—house, they age their meats, they use all the herbs and spices, so you're essentially getting a restaurant dish between bread, so there's still the character, there's still the heritage in something like a sandwich or a bahn mi, but you get a really holistic experience of a chef's skill. this is lygon street. it's also known as melbourne's little italy. it's known for restaurants like this that are busy 24/7 and on the face of it, it looks like it's really bounced back after the pandemic. there's people everywhere, eating, drinking, enjoying themselves. if you look a little bit closer, you see things like this, where half of this restaurant is now closed because there still aren't enough customers and not enough staff. but melbourne has also seen a huge amount of creativity from those in its restaurant scene, adapting to the problems they faced. people like shane delia, who is a much—loved chef in melbourne, he has a restaurant called maha and several other venues, he saw a massive opportunity in lockdown because the fine dining restaurants were finding it really hard to pivot into takeaway. i remember sitting with my wife on the couch, thinking, we're done. we're going to have to hand back the keys to the house and i don't even know how we're going to survive. i mean, we employ 110 staff. they've all got partners, they've all got kids, they've got friends, so the extended network is huge and the impact on them was something that was really a heavy weight for me to carry. so he saw that there was a real opportunity there to par—cook everything, have it ready to be finished at home and delivered in refrigerated boxes, and he'd shifted everything. it went from a small order each day— to hundreds of orders each day, to thousands of orders a week and then i realised that this is probably a more significant business that would help others within the industry. shane started the finish—at—home meals for his own restaurants at first, before expending to a platform offering the service from high—end restaurants all around the city and beyond. this is the providoor box. what do we have here? i see a lamb shoulder. yeah, so this is — so inside, you get the lamb shoulder that's already pre—roasted, then you canjust take it in this tray, put it into the oven. it'll come upjust like in the restaurant. i mean, this looks pretty good. laughs i'm not sure everything is going to make it into the box because i'm going to have to take some home. so, this has been incredibly successful. you must�*ve saved a lot of restaurants with this, right? you're a hero! no, i mean — look, we've helped a lot of restaurants. i think that the pandemic for restaurants in victoria and sydney would've been very different without the support of providoor, but it's not me — i mean, we've got a team of people. i was lucky enough to have the idea, but then i've got a great community of people around us that have brought it all together. but for many foreign nationals in the industry who've remained, the situation has been especially challenging, like melbourne chef sarai castillo, who was originally from mexico and was not eligible for government support. that was a massive issue during lockdown because the government chose not to give them support payments, so you'd think that that would be a really awful story and it was because there were a whole heap of people here that had lived here for years, were working full—time for businesses and very talented people in the industry, but what that did was flip it and they were like, 0k, we have these skills, we'll just start our own businesses. they've popped up like mushrooms all over melbourne. with established restaurant, movida, she started a delivery menu which then grew into a food venue of its own. so, yeah, we were not getting any support. it was like, if we have no money, if you have no savings, you're like, do whatever you can. for me, it was good because it was like a good opportunity, like, to show my food, to show my recipes. like, yeah, to show my cooking and it was great and, yeah, i never expected it. i was like, what is going to happen now and, yeah, so it was, like, bittersweet, but it was good at the end. so it seems like the phrase, when life gives you lemons you... you make lemonade... you made lemonade! and guacamole! that is phenomenal to see the effort that's going into keeping these places running. if you're heading to melbourne any time in the future, here are some of the things we think you should see and do. the maze of backstreets and alleyways around the central business districts are called the laneways and they are a great place to get lost. they are famous for their street art and buzzy cafes and now is a good time to see them. the city's inside out recovery programme brings eating and entertainment out into the streets, allowing business to recover as safely as it can. melbourne's wednesday summer night market is back after two years of closures. there's shopping, food trucks and live entertainment, and check out the spirit zone to see what lockdown has done to your aura. it's free entry but, as with most places in melbourne, you need to show proof of double vaccination to get in. the 3—week midsumma festival bills itself as an explosion of queer events that runs every january and february. it all kicks off with the carnival in alexandra gardens on january 23. there are 200 different events in 100 venues across the state of victoria and loads happening online too. and it has become a summer staple in melbourne, the annual sidney myer concert series returns to the music bowl. for more than 90 years, people have been enjoying the free performances by the melbourne symphony orchestra in mid february. take a picnic and enjoy a totally free concert at a safe social distance. well, do stay with us on the travel show because coming up... why this stretch of coastline will always be special to america's lg bt nature lovers. so at kind of a young age, i found myself inspired just walking through this community. i did not really know why i was so jazzed up. and the battle royale between two rivals who both claim to be the real reason for paris's unique charm. so, don't go away. we are off to the us where around 50 miles or so from the heart of new york city is a little—known national park fire island national park told. 32 miles of shoreline, forest but it is a faith that occupies the lgbt community. we went there to find out why. fire island national seashore is a national park. it's a barrier of 17 towns, 50 miles away from new york city. many of them are known for their long—standing lgbt communities. the sunken forest is a globally rare ecosystem. it's a very uncommon habitat. it's the fact that those holly trees are growing as close to the ocean and in such high density as they do right here that makes this place unique. the forest sits behind two dunes, making it appear to be below sea level. they protect the trees from ocean salt spray and allow them to grow as tall as the dunes. the sunken forest would not exist if it weren't for this delicate balance. too much salt spray could kill the forest. not enough, and the forest wouldn't have the minerals and nutrients that the ocean provides that feeds the trees. i grew up in mastic beach, which is sort of a lower income community on the south shore of long island. fortunately, mastic beach also happens to be one of the only places that you can walk onto fire island. it was a space i returned to every single summer. it's shifting landscape as a barrier island. every single day i come out here, it's a little bit different and i think that's all really inspiring because sometimes, we think of nature as this immutable, sort of unchangeable thing, but nature is really dynamic. i sort of came to my identity as a queer person later in life — towards the end of college. i sort of had to admit to myself that i was trans in some way. i identify now as trans feminine and non—binary. my pronouns are they/them. so at kind of a young age, i found myself inspired just walking through this community. i did not really know why i was so jazzed up. i knew about the lgbt history. before homosexuality was decriminalised, living an openly gay life was difficult in some states. isolated towns like cherry grove became safe havens for america's marginalised lgbt communities. i was pretty young the first time i visited the sunken forest. i was a volunteer. i was maybe 13, 11; at the time. and i think pulling in on that ferry, i saw these two flags. one was an american and next to the american flag was this big, beautiful rainbow flag, and i think it was the first time that i encountered a queer environment, queer space, queer community. eventually, i started leading programmes and actually, when i was 16, i started working as a park ranger. i've worked at fire island national seashore now for over ten years. there was this really significant grassroots effort that dates back all the way to the 1930s to actually create a national park, a national seashore, here at fire island. part of that was actually just an attempt to prevent robert moses and new york state from constructing a highway across the length of fire island. robert moses was a polarising urban planner in new york city. he was instrumental in the rapid construction of highways after the great depression. because the island is so narrow, a road across it would have completely reshaped the landscape. it would've threatened unique habitats like the sunken forest. in order to protect these towns, each one with their own really unique history and culture, they turned fire island into a national park so that future generations could come here and enjoy it for themselves. fire island national seashore became a national park in 1964. the biggest pleasures of working out here is just having this intimate knowledge of the space that i can then share with other people. i think that nature is something that i want to commune with often, especially when i'm feeling somewhat disconnected from the world. it's really nice to be able to get outside, to see all of these amazing plants, all of these amazing animals. it helps me to feel more connected to what's around me. french accordion music plays. now, paris is a city that's rightly proud of its traditional image but battlelines are being drawn over what truly makes it look and feel so uniquely parisian. upfor grabs, unesco world heritage status. so, will it be the crusty baguette or those distinctive blue—grey zinc rooftops that will triumph? we sent emeline nsingi nkosi to see two rivals slug it out for the honours. bells toll. you can't walk more than a street in paris without seeing someone with a baguette under their arm. i'm told the french get through 10 billion of them every year. jaunty music plays. it's no wonder, then, that the quality of the humble breadstick is taken so seriously, there is even an annual competition to be named the best baguette in paris. that one there. that looks good. and this place has won the award twice. law states a traditional baguette has to be made by hand with only four ingredients — water, salt, flour and yeast, and salt in the same place it's made. it is hoped the unesco status would protect this traditional method. battling the bakers are the roofers of paris, who claim that the beauty of the city's unique skyline is down in big part to the sea of blue—grey zinc roofs they maintain. this has got to be one of the best views in europe, and there's a couple of reasons for that. the first is that you can only build to a certain height, and the second one is that most of the rooftops are covered in the same blue and grey zinc. but paris hasn't always looks like this. in the late 19th century, emperor napoleon iii enlisted georges—eugene haussmann to completely redesign the city in one of the most ambitious plans of renovation in any city anywhere. inspired by london, a lighter, clean and safer paris soon emerged. the zinc rooftops became a symbol of the city's regeneration, covering around 75% of the roofs in paris. that's a lot of roofs! with not a lot of roofers to maintain them. now, several years since we tried to win this candidature, because it is very important to save the roofs of paris because each 50 or 60 years, you have to change the zinc. now, unfortunately, we have a terrible lack of well—trained roofers. why do you think there aren't enough young people who want to become roofers? young people think when you are on the roof, you have the rain, it's very cold or it's very hot. but in the same time, all the young roofers that i've met during my different reporting is on the roofs of paris all told me "what i feel here is the freedom". the roofs aren'tjust an architectural treasure but an artistic one, too. hi! nice to meet you. during lockdown, raphael started taking candid photos from the roof of his building. his account quickly went viral. what a view! it's fantastic that you kind of, from this lockdown, you've been able to just build this huge instagram following of the rooftops. did you expect that to happen? what was that like? not at all. i think it is like a different kind of pictures because everyone has seen, like, the eiffel tower taken from the ground. and this time, it's like paris from above, which is unusual. and especially during the lockdown, everyone wanted to escape, you know? people started to take pictures from their windows, sometimes they managed to go on the roof of their buildings, so there really was a need to take, like, some fresh air and be free from your apartment. so that's why i think these pictures, they spoke to a lot of people. you want me to go straight in? you're not even going to show me? ok. let's do it. let's do it! ok. so, you don't want the eiffel tower alone because that can be a bit boring. boring. here. might be good if i know where the shutter is! both laugh. it's fine! ok. are you taking the clouds in the pictures? is that bad? i was thinking the sky is so blue! it is! you do you. you are the artist! ok. so it's basically called skyline, i.e., just the sky. i would buy this. you would buy this? i mean, have you seen this? it's not straight at all! in the end, the ministry of culture decided the bakers should be nominated for intangible heritage status. unesco will make a final decision by the end of this year. the roofers say they'll continue their fight for recognition. well, that's it for this week, but coming up next time... a vision of the future from 19705 tokyo. carmen climbs the nakagin tower to find out why capsule living was the japanese craze that never quite took off. look at this tiny bathroom! i'm not going to even attempt to go inside. wow! it still works? yes. there's hot water? no hot water. 0oh, tough! don't forget, you can catch up with more of our recent adventures on bbc iplayer. we're on social media, too — just search for bbc travel show on facebook and instagram. until next time, from me and all of the travel show team here in melbourne, it's goodbye. hello. clear skies across most parts of the uk at the moment. may mean we're getting to see a full glimpse of the first full moon of the season, the wolf moon, but it also has led to temperatures dropping quite widely. a widely frosty start to tuesday morning, maybe as low as —3 to —5 in some parts of central, southern england, and it's here where we've got some dense patches of fog to start the tuesday morning commute. some of that could start to build for a while during the morning rush—hour but then slowly start to shift during the morning. lots of sunshine elsewhere. a bit more breeze to the north and west, so not as cold here, but it's here in northern ireland and western scotland we'll see some outbreaks of rain develop from lunchtime into the afternoon. most parts, though, will stay dry. cloud amounts increase. predominantly sunny, though, for northern england. and with winds lightest towards the south and east of the country, here, we'll see temperatures actually the lowest after that foggy start — only three to five celsius for one or two. the milder breeze out in the west lifts temperatures between 9 and 11 celsius. into this evening, some showers for a time in scotland and then another batch will push in on strengthening winds, all tied into this cold front. this is a bit more active than the one that precedes it, just bringing a few showers across england and wales during the night, meaning not as cold a start to wednesday morning. but cold air will be pushing southwards through the day behind this zone of cloud and showers which starts around the borders of scotland, northern england, north wales and then drifts its way southwards. in its wake, though, most will see good long sunny spells through the afternoon. one or two showers dotted around to the north and northwest, those showers turning wintry in northern scotland — just 2 degrees in lerwick, holding onto around 10 celsius in the south. but as we go through into wednesday night and thursday morning, a widespread frost will develop once again. perhaps for some of you, a colder night than will start tuesday. and that frost will be greeted with some sunshine overhead too. but a cold breeze down eastern coasts could feed in one or two wintry showers for a time. a noticeable wind—chill here. maybe feeling subzero through the day across some eastern coastal counties of england. come further west, with the winds lighter, temperatures up to where we should be for this stage in january. another chilly night to come, then, through thursday night into friday, and as the high—pressure starts to drift its way southwards once again, we are back to the problems with mist and fog in the south, but allowing more of an atlantic breeze to push in through the north, bringing varying amounts of cloud and lifting the temperature a little bit. and, crucially, for much of the uk, end of the week and the weekend will be staying dry. see you soon. this is bbc news. i'm david eades. our top stories: after tonga's volcanic eruption and tsunami, the wait goes on to hear from the pacific islanders cut off from the outside world. the australian and new zealand military are scrambled to provide humanitarian aid in what's fast becoming a race against time. america's airlines warn of catastrophic disruption to travel if 56 technology is rolled out near airports. downing street denies claims by the prime minister's former top adviser that borisjohnson was warned about staff holding a drinks party during lockdown. and, who betrayed the family of anne frank to the nazis? has one of the great wartime mysteries been solved?