coming up in around ten minutes�* time we will have newswatch but first, here is click. tick, tick... we've heard the warnings for some time. they've been getting louder and louder. the question is, has our time to act run out? 2020 was the joint hottest year on record. hurricanes and flash floods have battered the planet. the earth is in crisis. and maybe, just maybe, this time, something will be done. next week, we'll be at the cop26 un climate change conference in glasgow, where pressure is building on those in power to make big changes. and this is the first of three click specials all about sustainability — what we can change and how much technology can help. we all know plastic is a problem for our planet. left unchecked, the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by 2050. but much of the harm comes from things that we cannot see so clearly, like the fossil fuels emitting greenhouse gases. they currently emit more than 30 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide each year, and every bit of c02 that goes into the air pushes the global temperature up just that little bit more. and we can'tjust flick a switch, turn everything off and kill our missions dead, so even to get to net zero, ——and kill our emissions dead, so even to get to net zero, we're going to have to start sucking huge amounts of c02 back out. dan simmons and nick kwek have been looking into carbon capture technologies to see if they really could help us turn back the clock. clock ticks. for this film, we are focusing on c02 — the carbon that is produced mainly by burning fossil fuels and is the biggest contributor to rising temperatures. for decades, we've been able to capture carbon dioxide at scale at the source it's produced. in 2014, this was the first power station to use what's called carbon capture and storage. the flue gases are diverted to a purpose—built facility where the c02 is stripped away in a chemical process. it's then compressed and stored two miles underground. the system here stops around two—thirds of the c02 from reaching the atmosphere. last year, that was three quarters of a million tons. other projects are even more efficient. so couldn't we just ramp this up a notch or two and solve climate crisis for good? well, in theory, that would need tens of thousands more of these and today, we have fewer than 30 worldwide and sort of the same number again promised for the next 20 years. and it seems ccs, at least so far, is not a big winner. despite concerted efforts over the last two decades, really, it hasn't taken off as a successful, economically viable technology at commercial scales, and that's because it's very costly — you know, you can't fit carbon capture to the exhaust pipes of cars, for example, you know, the technologyjust isn't downscalable to that sort of size. so now, another way to capture carbon is gaining ground, one that doesn't have to be where the pollution is created. in fact, you could put it in some of the cleanest parts of the world. i've come to switzerland to look at an exciting and relatively new way to clean up the planet's atmosphere, and it's being pioneered right here. climeworks is one of the companies hoping the answer to the great carbon clean—up is in the thin air around us. these huge intake fans called collectors are sucking in the air from around them and they're taking out the c02, and because c02 is around us everywhere, you can place these, well, pretty much anywhere on the planet. they can be cleaning up the environment. natalie casas leads the team here. she moved from carbon capture to direct air capture after seeing expensive projects scrapped because of their cost. so we have a 2—stage process. in the first stage, we blow air through. c02 sticks on the material, they are purified air — so air without c02 or with very little c02 — leaves the box. when the filter�*s full, we close the door and start heating. we heat up the collector up to 100 degrees, c02 is released and we take it out. once the filters are cleaned, the carbon capture can start all over again. perhaps one of the best technologies at solving the carbon problem is nature itself. i've come to brynau wood in south wales, one the last patches of a once enormous ancient woodland. today, a reforestation project is under way. many countries have committed to planting more trees to soak up c02 but my guide gwyn says the mix of trees planted is crucial to success. when there is a mixed amount of tree species within a forest, so the more biodiverse we have in terms of what's above the ground, the more biodiverse is below the ground and the more carbon ends up in the soil, where it's stored for a very, very long time. so does he think nature alone could lead us to carbon neutrality? this is a recent plantation. there's around about 15—20 different shrub and tree species and this was planted last year, in the last winter, which is a year ago for us now but, as you can see, they're really not getting anywhere above waist height. that really puts emphasis on how we have to conserve our mature forests because this plantation here is going to probably take maybe 20, 30 years to really have an impact. it's been estimated that to reduce co2 by a billion tons, you'd need a new forest twice the size of california. but together, could technology and nature suck up the c02 mess we're currently making? if we look at planting trees or afforestation, then the feeling was that that could remove something of the order of about 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide by mid century. and with carbon capture and storage which, if done right, could also be a net carbon removal technology, that might contribute something like 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide removal by mid century. and then direct air capture, something like three, may be as high as 5, billion tons by mid century. now, if you add all of those up, you are talking about io—billion tons of c02 removal by mid century. that might seem like a lot but comparing it to our current emissions, which are 35—billion tons of c02, it only represents about a third of the solution. and so that means to deal with the other two—thirds, we need to get much more energy—efficient and if, on top of that, carbon removal technologies can help us along the way, then that's great, but let's not pin our hopes on those technologies alone. producing food is itself not that green. farming contributes more than 8% of all greenhouse gases. we're already beyond the boundaries of what the world can sustain in terms of human population, so we need to be much more efficient in what we do. and jp may have a solution. i'm in finland, just outside helsinki — but i can't tell you where, because this is a super—secret test centre, where they're taking c02 out of the air, and brewing something rather special. oh my gosh! you've gotta see this, this is bubbling. in these vats is a newly discovered species of microbe. the bacteria multiplies very quickly. it feeds on minerals, on c02 from the air and hydrogen, which is also taken from water in the air using electrolysis. and every day, some of it is drained off, superheated, dried and turned into a kind of protein powder that they are calling solein. this is food that doesn't need vast fields — itjust needs a warm, dark place to grow. this pilot project is turning 2kg of c02 into ikg of powder every day, and the only by—product is water, which is also recycled. food technologist anna hakamies has been studying the structure, taste and nutritional value of solein to create new foods. so this is it, this is the raw solein powder. 0bviously you're not supposed to eat itjust like this because if you do... it tastes like... well, like floor. what would you have to do with this powder before you can actually add it to food? solein can be used as an ingredient in meat replacing products, other non—dairy products, and then also plant products, cereals and even pasta. i've been told that you've prepared something that is not the raw powder for me to eat. yeah, ice cream. ice cream! it's quite appetising... yeah. i have to say, garnished with a few petals. yeah, there's only four ingredients. like, solein, water, fat and sugar. it's very nice. it's actually more like a sorbet than an ice cream. it's italian gelato. i get paid to do this! the powder is 65% protein, so 2.5 times more than cooked lean beef. it's also 15% carbs and 8% fat with lots of amino acids, vitamins and minerals. how many people have tried this so far? actually. ..eight. wow! so am my number eight? nine. i am number nine. so if this does get regulatory approval and it does go on sale in 2023, this could provide an alternative to meat and crops that is climate friendly. and when i say climate friendly... it's dairy free, which trust me, everyone in the room will be glad about in half an hour. there's another cut in emissions right there. that is in the shortcut this week. don't forget, this is the first of our three sustainability specials. next week we're going to be live at cop26 in glasgow. in the meantime, don't forget we live on social media, youtube, facebook, instagram and twitter @bbcclick. inks for —— thanks for watching and get you an ice cream! hello and welcome to newswatch with me samira ahmed. how can the bbc attract younger audience more used to getting their news on social media? and does the news media have a right to be kept informed about the health of the queen? first, in 1947 the then chancellor of the exchequer, hugh dalton redesigned after a leak of his budget speech appeared in an evening newspaper. things have changed. in recent years it's become increasingly common for budget measures to be pre—announced in the press. this year that happened to a greater extent than anyone can remember. good evening, the chancellor, rishi sunak, is promising to spend almost £7 billion improving transport outside of london. in england's city region. it's one of a number of pledge, spending pledges to be announced in wednesday's budget. an increase in the national living wage tonight will be included in the chancellor's budget on wednesday. a pay rise to - public sector workers but the detail will not - be known until next year. the extent of the briefings earned rishi sunak and his team a firm telling off from the speaker of the house of commons, sir lindsay hoyle. he accused the chancellor of riding roughshod over mps by providing information to the media before parliamentarians. but are only politicians and spin doctors to blame? some viewers feel that journalists contribute to the problem by frequent speculation about what might be in the budget and repeatedly questioning ministers about its content in advance. peter asked: and peter hammon road on monday: —— and peter hammon wrote on monday: last friday morning, the sun newspaper revealed that the queen had spent wednesday night in hospital. a fact previously undisclosed by the palace. this was the response of the bbc�*s royal correspondent. officials at buckingham palace have not been giving us

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