Clifton thank you, andy. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, truman scholars. To be here. I am honored to have been asked. Honored to serve on the board. I have to tell you im a little bit stunned. I was 19 your desk i was 19 years old with my mother in independence, missouri when the first truman scholarships were awarded in 1977. I was in college and i was sort of in all of being in that group. As my mother told me i should be. [laughter] clifton, allut it, of these young people are doing a lot better in college that you. Re are [laughter] the panels have been fantastic. This is a great way to spend the afternoon. Some have been talking about my grandfathers leadership style, his outlook on life, things i found out about when i was very young. My grandfather came to stay in new york city and he got dawn, wentrack of for a walk, and grabbed as many newspapers as he could find. My brother and i were the first ones down one morning. He was behind the newspapers and we thought we would tiptoe behind him to get to the den. They caught us. He stopped us and said where you going . And i said watch bugs bunny. He said, you dont wanted do that. I thought, yes, i do. [laughter] and he said, i have a better idea. He reached to the top shelf and got a book and said come here and sit down during you didnt down. You did not argue with harry truman. My mother came down a few minutes later and stopped cold. She had never seen anything like this in her life during we werent moving. And grandpa was reading to us from a book that did not have one picture in it. She said, what are you reading to those kids . The books. Er it was history of the polynesian war. 6 00 in the morning to a fouryearold andy 2yearold. [laughter] so education, which you all know. He was a terrible babysitter. I had one of those hobbyhorses you could ride. You could kill yourself aware those. My mother was always tell me telling me i was going to camusso. I was with my grandfather and i tipped it over and telling me i was going to kill myself on it. I was with my grandfather and i tipped it over. He said, dont touch am. Grandpa was glaring at me from over the top of the newspaper. I burst over the burst into tears. And he said you, you are not heard. You get back on that and start writing again. And i did. Did not tell me that my grandfather had been president of the United States. I found out in school. [laughter] [applause] went to first grade one morning and said wasnt your grandfather the president of the United States . I said, i dont know. Ill go home and ask. And i did. Awent home and my mother told story about me for years, well into my 40s during i dropped my book bag at the door and i put my hands on my hips and i said, mom, did you know [laughter] to which she said, yes. Just remember something. Any little boys grandfather can be president. Dont let it go to your head. It did not. So education, a stiff spine coming humility, the three hallmarks that my grandfather taught me before i was seven years old. You know, you keep things in perspective, you are card and if something happens, hard, and you work if something happens, you dont go crying to your grandmother. Who reallywo folks care about this country, care about American History and not only about the past, but about where this country is headed. A knownbest loft is historian. E is the author of nine books, he is an expert on president ial leadership. And i have met. He went to school with my and your brother william. Way tocovered that one get people to read your books is to sign it to them. An honor it is for me to serve on the truman foundation. Secretary albright embodies the best this country has to offer. She is an immigrant and has done so much for her adopted country, just as immigrants have done all of the United States. She was the 64th secretary of the United States. I know my grandfather would be so pleased that she leads the foundation that bears his name. Ladies and gentlemen, let me turn it over to secretary albright for a conversation about president ial leadership. Thank you very much. This is the room were president kennedy had his press conferences. Matalin i guess. Madeleine i guess. This, butt remember you had just graduated from college. And i said see me what are you going to do. You said im going to be a diplomatic historian. I said, ok. Obviously a dishwasher of the future. Anyway, it certainly turned out to be true and you have done amazing work in terms of writing about our history and president. Im glad you decided to do that. Thank you. I am mildly glad that you decided to go with the closely diplomacy and government and compile a record that is important in the history of this line ofand people in my work will be writing about for a very long time. And maybe to again, if i could say one word i love the fact that we are here and what we are all doing. One of the things i love about president truman, you go back to the founders and one of the most basic beliefs was that they were trying to construct a country in which you could become president or secretary of state, no matter what your background was. And they would love the fact that harry truman came from Humble Beginnings in the midwest , was able to become not only president , but one of the great president s in American History. He had thisou know, usually strong feeling about education that came from a lot of things, but not least from his own life. Man,s this brilliant young loved reading history, used to i readi think he said every book in the independence, missouri library, which not which was not an immense library, but i think you did. He couldnt lay contact sports. They said, we are poor. We cannot pay to replace your glasses if you break them. Book was ae history book with the incorrect title of great men and famous women, 1890s. And the subtitle a think was from nebuchadnezzar to sarah bernhardt. [laughter] but the point is, in his life, this is someone who should have gone to college, a great college, got to graduate school, couldnt do it did namely because of his family economic circumstances. If there was one thing he , when hetrongly of became president , he wanted to help others. One way was to strengthen the Community College system. Therem telling you is would be no one who would love to be here more today than harry is truman. And with that said, let me begin with a question for secretary albright. You all know her background, coming from europe. What difference did it make in your life that harry truman was president rather than somebody else . Secretary albright i couldnt think of anything better than to put truman in education and that opportunity. We came to the United States in 1948. He was the first president and i really came from a family that loves Foreign Policy and institutions and very grateful to the United States in every single way. My father was in czechoslovakia. He was ambassador to yugoslavia. After that, his last assignment was to go to the united nations. Epresenting czechoslovakia so i grew up always thinking about Foreign Policy. I think my lodestar has always been, when america is involved, good things happen. And when america is not there, bad things happen. , munich waslovak important and the United States was not at munich. When the americans came into the war, i was a little girl in london and you could see what a difference it made. The rtunately, curtain came down in the country that i was born in came down behind the iron curtain. Harry truman did something. That was the part that was so important in terms of stating what americas position was going to be. And whether it had to do with the. 4 program or the truman doctrine or nato, everything that would indicate that america would be playing a leading role in being out there and doing something. So in that regard. The other part that i thought about was institutionally everything that i kind of we were talking about Public Service. I do teach. In talking about the National Security act, it was basically design because of the way roosevelt made decisions. It was a punishment by the bureaucracy. Michael tell a little bit about it. Secretary albright he made decisions by pitting people against each other and i getting a sense of where decisions are coming from. And the bureaucracy was fed up with it. Ad forestalls revenge set National Security harry truman was the first one that had to operate under the National Security act during he was the one that dealt with the fact of how decisions could be made and how the information came to him. It was made clear that the secretary of state would be the leading member of the cabinet, which i appreciate. Michael and there would be a Defense Department. Secretary albright and there would be a Defense Department with the cia. Michael maybe not just intelligence and army intelligence. Secretary albright it would unify things. The other part that i have to that he and the natural send really set up a system between we had all been operating under, whether there were discussions earlier about the Marshall Plan, what americans responsibility, nato, i am wearing my article five 10, and really how that works. Then also strengthening the united nations. Activities, the response to the korean war, uniting for peace i wont go through all of that. But many of the things i learned operatede and then under, whether in or outside the government were set up at that particular time. I canres nobody that honestly say has had a bigger influence in one form or another that harry truman on my life. Who was the secretary of state who got the idea to name the after harry truman . [applause] secretary albright let me just say, i really thought that we needed to do that for all the obvious lesions obvious reasons. We had the most amazing ceremony here in order to commemorate it. And im very proud. And if i may say so, when the next people came in, they wanted to erase everything. Had granite. Michael dont you like that harry is chairman and dean at just and have their names on here in a very big way . Secretary albright yes. Dinner thatre was a you are not nice enough to ask you to come and talk at, at the Benjamin Franklin room, the evening of the naming. Didevening was destined idea was to have a menu that was served in the white house in 1947, perfectly historically correct. The only downside was, a, if you did not like jello molds with strange things floating in the, you are probably out of luck. If the other thing was, anyone had a sodium problem, was probably carried out of there. Secretary albright yes, it was a typical [laughter] jello, triscuits. People wondered why we were doing that. It wasnt just elegance. It was real. Piano. E the truman an able toproud that i was be in office at the time that we were able to do that. There was nothing more symbolic in terms of americas role in the world than having Harry Trumans name on this building. Michael totally appropriate. Youre talking about the difference it made that harry truman was president rather than somebody else in the late 1940s. Im not too wild to counter actual history, factual history, but i have often thought about what life might have been like for the United States and the world had truman had not decided to replace wallace as his Vice President. Ive got some views on that. Do you want to start . Secretary albright from everything that ive read about , we had completely different views about what americas role was, who the American People were, and a lack this is not nice , but a lack of michael we got to be honest. Secretary albright i talk a lot about the role of individuals in history. And to have had Henry Wallace in office would have changed the whole direction of american after certainly 45 on and whatever influence he might have of before that in a variety ways. It certainly goes to the point of what americas role should be, what our responsibilities how we see ourselves in relationship to the rest of the world. Just totally different. And im surprised for people, not the people here, but how harry truman turned out to be who he was. What is it that made him and do the things that he did. One was the recognition of israel, that we hear about often. Generally, his approach of what needed to be done in the balkans and the number in a number of different ways. And his response to what the korean war was about. Any number of different aspects that made a difference that Harry Wallace wasnt there. Michael absolutely, wallace would not have seen the soviet threat in the way that. Truman did that truman did. I dont even want to begin to think what life might have been like. In april 19 45, when harry truman became president , a lot of americans were horrified because Franklin Roosevelt, one of the great men, who little or nothing about his recent senator had to speak well to Franklin Roosevelt in the fall of 1944 or summer of 1944, he realized that wallace was not up to being second in the one of succession dream his next term and harry truman was. Thatownside, famously, was roosevelt, although it was late in the war and roosevelt, as we well now know, had plenty of vascular death had bachelor disease and had plenty of reason vascular disease and had plenty of reason to think he would not serve that timeout. The result was, when roosevelt died in april, harry truman was left to try to figure out what roosevelt had in mind just before the end of the war in europe and just before he would have to take up the job of ing to create a post world a postwar world. He had a green eyeshade and he called in for all of the documents of the last few that roosevelt had been dealing with, that he could read and somehow figure out what was on roosevelts mind. Truman was reading the minutes of the conference with churchill and stalin and some of the cable traffic between roosevelt and churchill and stalin during the previous two weeks, trying to figure out what was on roosevelts mind. Because roosevelt had not told him. This,st famous part of the fact that roosevelt had not told him about the presence of the atomic bomb and what a difference that would make him a not only in the course of winding down world war ii and winning, but also the postwar world. Secretary albright people have been talking about how people view the vice presidency. Clearly, i think what happened in the Roosevelt Truman transition is something that taught other president s later how not to do it. And i can tell you from my own experience in the carter administration, Vice President mondale became a complete harner. It was true of clintongore. And now we talk about joe biden. Was a recognition that you could not leave the Vice President in the dark here in and we are lucky that truman had the streetsmarts of people worth talking about, an understanding of the american system in terms knowing how to work with you cant say that he had a Great Congress to work with. There wereink that lessons that came out of not having had meetings with the Vice President. Michael thats exactly right. He sort of practiced what he preached by choosing his Vice President , alan barclay of kentucky. Tell me if this sounds right to you. Ill is look at the truman case has one case where history works the way it is supposed to because, when harry truman went back to missouri, may be clear for correct me on this, but his rating was about 23 . I remember when i was a young historian, by which time, truman was much better thought of, i wondered why come up when i looked at the internal numbers, people were impatient with the korean war and the entourage and a lot of people said we dont like truman because it doesnt remind us of Franklin Roosevelt, who was our idea of the president. An apocryphal story but too good not to tell. 1952, truman was asked by a reporter what he thought of richard nixon, who was running for Vice President. Nixon wasply was that full of manure and this was published. And someone went to best truman and asterisk she couldnt get the boss to be more elegant. Have no idea you how long it took me to get him to use the word manure. [laughter] whether or not the story is true and i do not vouch for it, it does make the point that, when we americans look at president s in our own time, we are often oftentimesids obsessed with trivia. And that is why they look so yearsifferent 30 or 40 later. If you look at a president who is sitting in the white house and the day today in the things that may seem excessively important at the moment, 40 years later seem trivial and the opposite is also true. So tell me if this sounds right to you. From my point of view, this all works with president truman things wouldhese cause americans in 1952 and 1953 to not realize he was a great man, here we are 63 years later and we are much better at understanding and appreciate the qualities of leadership he had, the great common sense and modesty, huge powers of policies and also the were. If we were here in 1953, if we were talking about what president truman had done, we would have said he would have said turkey and the Marshall Plan and nato and we hope that those things would help america prevail in the cold war, but we cant be sure. You advance the clock to 2016, we are looking back on this with total hindsight and the luxury of knowing how all this turned out. And with total retrospect we say, harry truman was a great man for also to reasons. But one of them was he was the guy who devise the policy that allowed about 12 cold war president s to contain the soviet union with the hope it would ultimately collapse and we would live in a different world. We know this was a very great leader. Secretary albright no question. But i think what is interesting and i remember this, there was a sense that roosevelt had been this kind of high and mighty figure. Happened, what because truman had to live in blair house because they were redoing the white house, which was falling apart, but there were pictures of him kind of being an ordinary person walking around. That made himings so terrific in retrospect was his humility and his humanity and his modesty. But at the time, people couldnt figure out why a president wasnt grander in some particular way. And he did use language. Michael which by current standards would be very tame. Secretary albright yeah, but what i find most interesting, having been to independence, to his house, he was modest. I think people would best michael he went back home, where he came from. It is not a common day appearance. Secretary albright and then, if i might say, i think part of the thing about him, in reading more about him, and David Mccullough , butbviously been terrific basically he was the president who listened to his advisers. Michael beginning with the guy who this room secretary albright the relationship that really needs to be looked at in terms of a relationship between secretary of state and the president and their closeness and they were so totally different. I didnt meet harry truman. I did meet the necessary. He came to wellesley to speak when i was there. I noticed that he had on patent pumps with his tuxedo. I thought, who would do that . But he had gone to groton. Michael and he wasnt running for office. Secretary albright but i do think they were very different types of people. It is evident from their correspondents that they really did click. And that is very much worth examining. Michael yeah, they really appreciated each other. Which im sorry to say was not true of president trumans opinion of many of the diplomats that worked in the building, who they referred to as the strike pants boys. Acheson always told him not to do that, with no success. There is one passage in trumans diary in meeting a diplomat serving in g in egypt or something. He said the guy talked in a knacks and that suggested he was may be born in england and went to oxford and wore these strange clothes and jewelry, which existed which suggested this aristocrat. Truman asked him, where it is euro up . Topeka where did you grow up . Topeka, kansas. [laughter] secretary albright what has to be talked about, especially with this audience, truman really believed in Public Service. In a variety of ways, the people he did respect were people involved in Public Service. And i think thats why the truman foundation, the whole aspect and the truman scholars are a perfect way to honor the , who had who believed all the qualities we talked about in terms of humility and common sense, streetsmarts, but understoodbut also that is something we need to remember. Michael thats right. He would often talk about the fact and lament the fact that then come even more nowadays, but apel would attack someone ao would run for office as politician and would say things to get elected and so forth. And he would say the opposite, especially people who were Public Servants who had gotten elected. Been exposed in public view and had to live their lives a certain way. They had to take into the take into account the people that had elected them. Felt that they were a category that was exalted. Secretary albright i think his respect for other peoples opinions and his capability to listen and make up his mind. He had some really hard decisions. We were talking about hiroshima and nagasaki and obviously that was a very difficult decision. It did save peoples lives and it is a time we need to remember how hard those civilian decisions where. He was very much criticized for firing macarthur. You all heardnk from bill brands earlier who has written a wonderful book on the firing of macarthur. A very biglbright deal at that time for them to take deposition. I admire harry truman for being a normal human being, having a way of operating, then having the common sense in humility yet at the same time being able to make really tough decisions. That is the mark of a great president. Michael i agree, and he had to make more than most. Things. Ay two more two things i think if youre looking for leadership, the truman lesson suggests one is he was, to my mind, more religious than people knew at the time. He read the bible a lot. The other thing, just to bring it back, was his family. It grouted him and gave him a se of not only modesty, grounded him and give him a sense of not only modesty, by letting to be a real person in these eight years of modern history that were almost unbelievable. Secretary albright im glad we were able to honor him and the truman scholars. It is the best way to honor harry s. Truman michael we have to disagree on something but we have not done it yet. [laughter] i think we are going to the audience. If anyone has questions, comments, questions. I think there are two microphones here. I think that was how it was done in president kennedys time. Mining is becky. My name is becky. Things i think about is the rapid advance of technology and what that means for us as Public Servants in trying to still serve the public even though the world tends to advance at a rapid rate. My question is, is it still possible to serve the public through incremental change, or are we kind of in an environment now we have to take revolutionary steps and drastic measures to serve the public . Secretary albright that is a very thoughtful question. We have spent a lot of time trying to figure out what technology has done to the system that i grew up with, which is the one we talked about that harry truman started. In so many ways, what has happened is that technology has outrun social policy. The problems that we are finding in dealing with it in our own institutional system at the moment is that we are trying to and therefore,t, very hard. It has affected everything, frankly. The rapidity sitting in this when i was here, believe and not, we had wang computers, and that was advanced. The rapidity of the information coming in terms of verifying it, i have one rule when i was secretary the first information you get is always wrong. People are now forced to make decisions based on the rapidity of the information coming in. The institutional system in the world is not set up. Im chairman of the board of the National Democratic institute and we are looking at the role of technology generally abroad. What has happened is it has disaggregated peoples voices so that Political Parties in other countries and even here cannot respond rapidly enough. Stole when i was in silicon valley, somebody said people are talking to their governments on 21stCentury Technology. The government hears them on 20th Century Technology and are providing 19thcentury responses. Faith inno institutions. Therefore, what you have asked is the question of the day in terms of how you move rapidly enough to get policy to catch up to the relationship between the people and the government makes more sense than it does at the moment. Europe and seeing in here is that disconnected terms of people not having faith in the institutions. Michael totally. The other part of this is with properly laud president truman for the decisions he made, he did not have to make them in three seconds. When he heard the North Koreans 1950, heed in june of did not immediately have to say on twitter when he was going to do. President kennedy in 1961 when the berlin wall went up, he had a week before reporters asked him what he would do about it. The cuban missile crisis, kennedy had a week to decide how to deal with missiles in cuba. Had he had to do so within an hour, he am certainly would have bombed cuba and we couldve had a nuclear war. Could have cost tens of millions of lives. Top of everything madeleine have the wisest president and wisest secretary of state, but decisions made in two seconds under this kind of pressure will never be as good as decisions that are more deliberate. Thank you. Truman scholar from ohio. Michael you are the truman centennial. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about truman and hoover. Michael anger or Herbert Edgar or herbert . Edgar. He faced a republican majority that was hellbent on a reform commission. He saw it out hoover that and became the over commission and created a General Services commission and other things. He is toalled hoover, the right of king louis the xiv. Hoover campaigned aggressively for dewey. I guess there was the practical aspect that hoover was president , he would do the right thing. Do you have any other insights . Michael Franklin Roosevelt has alluded, after defeating who were my landslide crossed hoover never the front door of the white house the next 12 years. Roosevelt did not speak to him. Especially after hoover in 1940 got very isolationist and nasty Foreign Policy. Harry truman did not just policy. Did,f the first things he he invited over to the white house and essentially said you have been treated wrongly and i want did to restore you, bring u back to the american family. Hoover to make a study of the food problem in europe, which was grave and the wake of world war ii. Said, hoover conditionsor him two on government reorganization which, to some extent, led to the National Security act that secretary albright is talking about. As charitable as president truman was he was also a great politician because he knew that hoover was still a large figure on the american stage. He knew he would need bipartisan cooperation, especially on 47. Ign policy in 19 like an excellent politician, which i say is a great complement, because he had made 1947, hooverr in was in a position to help him create that bipartisan foreignpolicy where it truman had not treated him so nicely, hoover might have been part of the opposition and made more difficult. A truman scholar in 1990 from the great state of new york. Thank you for being chair of our board and sharing your time with us now. Had referenced trumans decision to recognize israel. I believe it was in the building you first learned of your jewish heritage as well. One of your things i remember is the role at the jacobs played in trumans decision. Was a friend of his from regiment d in kansas city was jewish and came from came to him at the end and said would you please . From a personal as well as historical perspective, the looking relationships back at your own history and family lineage, what you have taken from it since. I do thinklbright personal relationships make a big difference. ,t is interesting in rereading especially when there are more and more questions about issues and a number of issues, who was four and was against and watching a variety of the a recognitionas that president truman basically made by himself. His group around him thought i was a mistake for any number of different reasons. But i do think that what one gets is the feeling when you are in office, trying to figure out what are the influences come up what the you bring to the table . Youdo not really know until first of all i did not know about my jewish background until i got here. Often people said, did you behave the way you did visavis the balkans because you knew about the genocide . Knew about the holocaust, i just did not know it applied to my family. My feelingline is about why we had to do something about it came mostly from my fact, had been a diplomat who understood this i haveto the fact to say i find it very hard to blame roosevelt for anything, if i may tell you the truth, but i do think the way that was a blind spot about what was happening in europe is really a very, very bad thing in terms of American History. Could say that we did not know what was going on during world war ii. In retrospect, i would not say that, but we did know everything that was going on in the balkans. That affected me in terms of decisions that were made. What inothing to do with found out about my background, but terms of knowing that you know that certain people are were ethnically cleansed for not anything they did, but their background am a that had a huge impact on me. The most impact on me in my life was my father and mother. Thank you. Hi. I between 16 scholar from georgia. Taking both for taking the time to speak to us this afternoon. 2016 scholar from georgia. Has your conception of female leadership changed throughout your career . What do you think gender parity ands like in the year 2016 what should we aspire to in the future . Went to aalbright i Girls High School and a womans college, in fact the same one as the next president of the United States. [applause] obviously, donald trump did not go there. [laughter] i grew up inright kind of a weight that it did not occur to me that women could not be leaders. That part. What did surprise me as i veryoped my career over a long time is that women had to prove that they could actually do anything. Journalist,to be a that was my plan in life. I went to get my first job and we were having dinner with him and he said, what are you going to do, honey . I said, were in a newspaper. He said, i do not think so. Find another life. I did and it turned out ok. [laughter] up to beame came secretary of state, it was said that a woman cannot be secretary of state because arab leaders would not deal with a woman. They said they had no problem dealing with me as ambassador, and i did become secretary of state. But the bottom line is i think that women, we are not using, not only our half of the population, but throughout the world why we do not want to have women more involved in terms of economic and political empowerment . We know that societies are better off if women are politically and economically empowered. I do think that there continues to be questions as to whether women can do things. I hate to say this, whether is plenty of world plenty of room in the world for mediocre man, and no room in the world for mediocre women. Women have to work twice as hard. [applause] secretary albright i do not think the world would be better off if it was completely run by women. If you think that you do not remember high school. You have to have a good coed leadership. Michael depends on the high school you went to. 2014 scholarhe from connecticut. Wasm secretary, my question for your role of shepherding new classes of truman scholars. As someone who has seen many classes, i wondered, more recently, what is one thing among the new classes that has inspired you recently or given of hints as to the future Public Service that you have seen among some of the newer truman scholars . Secretary albright i do think let me say there was a certain phase with people wondered what Public Service was. We were talking among trustees of the foundation, in terms of what Public Service was the basic part of what the Scholars Program was set up to was nice to make money but the bottom line was that Public Service was the purpose of it. I think what were seeing more and more are scholars and applicants who understand that Public Service is very broad and there are a number of ways to give back. There is great recompense about how you feel about himself yourself. I was fascinated by the Previous Panel in terms of talking about how to solve problems for people. I think we see that more and more in the applicants, people that want to go out and not only and take great advantage of the Scholarship Program itself, but the internships later. In developing careers that are broadbased enough in order to give back. I think there is a new enthusiasm for Public Service. Recognition of what the truman scholars can do. I am very encouraged by it, i think it is great. Again, without consulting some of the earlier people, there really is kind of a sense of giving back, and i think that is the basis there are so many different ways to do it. Hi, im one of the 2013 scholars from louisiana. I have a question on behalf of my peers in the room. We are a generation coming of age in a really violent, turmoil time, both socially and politically. While we do want to work in Public Service and we want to fight for peace and rights, many of us are also members of groups who are targeted every day, even in our homes. What advice you have for us as we begin our Public Service careers for working in a world that has such chaos and stagnancy at the same time . I somewayslbright it goes back to the first question in terms of everything being different, and he goes back to your question about what is it i grew up as a refugee in a very distorted world, there is no question about that. I came into a country that had a system that recognized things where in fact there was some way to figure out what the institutional structures were. I think we all have a responsibility to help develop the system that does not do you are talking about. I think it is a very complex time. I am often asked if i am an optimist or a pessimist. Im on optimist but im worried a lot. To get institutional structures that are not violent, with your help, not in terms of people who screwed up imposing things on you, but try to figure out a way to the way the what i think is a disconnected and jointed and gridlocked when you have a great senator about howor cruz talk hard it is to get things done, we need to figure out what it is we want and make clear we are the responsible people in terms of saying what we expect in our leadership. That is why i think the selection is so important. The bottom line is it has to be done with your cooperation, not against you or against any ideas that you all have. Michael one other element i think harkens back to the truman had harry truman extremely strong views on just about every issue under the sun. The disagreements with republicans. Members of congress who he could call on a 1947 when the red army was starting through europe, 1950 when they need to unite to fight a war in korea i think one thing he would be absolutely horrified by is if he came back to die today and saw the degree in even the two sides barely speak in congress. And i think that is part of the problem too. I am very excited to see you here. Truman scholar, also from missouri. I am happy to hear you saying that youarab world, would be accepted no problem in dealing with a woman because it arly states in the carron and i qould, like to quote it. My question is, what is the vision . How do you see the foundation 40 years from now . Do you see it in the container that we live in . Will it be the same container or do you see it being in a larger container . In the context of innovation, doing other Public Service activities other than just sponsoring scholars to educational endeavors, etc. Secretary albright i probably will not be here in 40 years, i can predict that. But i think that what has to happen and we have to have more of these discussions in terms of something i said earlier about the breadth of Public Service. Also, the things that trouble me at the moment is that as people seek their own identity and identity is very important that in some places it is reflected in hating the other people. What the earlier question about violence in addition to other aspects that we need to figure out how to have the truman scholars be an academy of respecting others, of understanding what other religions and ethnic backgrounds and positions and life in a variety of aspects that makes our to set our societies in servicing is the diversity. Societies interesting is the diversity. One has to realize what the duties of a 21st century citizen is and how we help to create those citizens through education and mission in a number of different ways. The hard part is doing that while we are trying to create a different system. It is like fixing an airplane that is already flying. Think it is a good question and it is something we ought to be talking about with the trustees. Michael thank you all very much. [applause] thank youalbright all. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our event. We would like to thank you for coming. At this time we would ask all to pleaseparticipants exit the auditorium and follow our escorts to the elevators to be escorted upstairs for the reception. American history tv airs on cspan3 every weekend. This month, American History tv is in prime time to introduce you to programs you can see every weekend on cspan3. Our features include lectures and history, visits to College Classrooms across the country to hear lectures by top history professors. American artifacts take a look at the treasures at u. S. A sort u. S. S store sites Historic Sites and archives. Focuses onsidency u. S. President s and first ladies. All this month in prime time in every weekend on American History tv on cspan3. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] announcer American History tv is marking the centennial of the American Park service. We asked members of congress about which sites in their states as the most significance for them. Congressman, what National Parks can be found in your state of massachusetts . Rep tsongas we have many. They tend to be mostly historical National Parks. So, they commemorate all the contributions weve made to the history of this country. For example, Minutemen National historic park. They commemorate the beginning of the american resolution. Lowells National Historic part. It was the first planned industrial city, changed the economy of this country. But we also have the National Seashore in cape cod, a beautiful, beautiful site. Like no other. And then we have the sites that commemorate the adams family. We have the freedom trail in boston that takes you from all the various landmarks, again, of the beginnings of this country. So, were home to a lot of history, but some beautiful natural sites as well. As we know, famously its been called the National Park system which will celebrate its 100th year, has been called americas best idea because it protects