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Growing neurons gain an edge by making connections
A little competition is never a bad thing, especially when it comes to fledging neurons growing in the brain, finds a new Stanford University study.
In a first of its kind study, researchers led by Stanford biologist Liqun Luo used genetic experiments and computer models to shed light on two important steps of brain development in young mice: the growth of branching extensions on the bodies of neurons, called dendrites, and the connections that dendrites make with other neurons. Like biological antennas, dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons via connections called synapses. Luo’s team found that the dendrites of growing neurons compete with one another to form connections with their partners, and the presence of successful connections increases the odds of dendrite growth.
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CRISPR improves method for studying gene functions
Since the genetics revolution, biologists have been working to understand the roles that individual genes play, often with the help of advanced techniques.
One such method, mosaic analysis, has led to many discoveries of the functions of genes. Although mosaic analysis has been widely used in Drosophila, a popular model organism, it is much harder to implement in other organisms.
A new paper describes a technique called Mosaic Analysis by gRNA-induced Crossing-over (MAGIC), which uses CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to make mosaic analysis much simpler. Though the proof-of-principle experiment was done in fruit flies (Drosophila), it can theoretically work in any organism where CRISPR methods apply.