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Genetic risks for nicotine dependence span a range of traits and diseases


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Some people casually smoke cigarettes for a while and then stop without a problem, while others develop long-term, several packs-per-day habits. A complex mix of environmental, behavioral and genetic factors appear to raise this risk for nicotine dependence. 
Studies of groups of twins suggest that 40 to 70 percent of the risk factors are heritable. Until recently, however, studies have only explained about 1 percent of the observed variation in liability to nicotine dependence, using a genetic score based on how many cigarettes a person smokes per day. 
A study led by psychologists at Emory University offers a new model for examining this genetic risk. It leveraged genome wide association studies for a range of different traits and disorders correlated with nicotine dependence and explained 3.6 percent of the variation in nicotine dependence.  ....

Eteläuomen Läi , United States , Lauren Bertin , Alicia Smith , Chelsie Benca Bachman , Rohan Palmer , Purdue University , School Of Medicine , University Of Helsinki , National Institute On Drug Abuse , University Of Colorado At Boulder , Emory University , Behavioral Genetics Of Addiction Laboratory , University Of North Carolina , Providence Va Medical Center , Jackson Laboratory In Bar Harbor , Academy Of Finland , Brown University , Nicotine Tobacco Research , Emory Department Of Psychology , Tobacco Researchpublished , Behavioral Genetics , Victoria Risner , North Carolina , Tobacco Research , Jackson Laboratory ,

Study offers a new model for examining genetic risk associated with nicotine dependence


Study offers a new model for examining genetic risk associated with nicotine dependence
Some people casually smoke cigarettes for a while and then stop without a problem, while others develop long-term, several packs-per-day habits. A complex mix of environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors appear to raise this risk for nicotine dependence.
Studies of groups of twins suggest that 40 to 70 percent of the risk factors are heritable. Until recently, however, studies have only explained about 1 percent of the observed variation in liability to nicotine dependence, using a genetic score based on how many cigarettes a person smokes per day.
A new study led by psychologists at Emory University offers a new model for examining this genetic risk. It leveraged genome-wide association studies for a range of different traits and disorders correlated with nicotine dependence and explained 3.6 percent of the variation in nicotine dependence. ....

United States , Rohan Palmer , Emily Henderson , Emory University , Behavioral Genetics Of Addiction Laboratory , Nicotine Tobacco Research , University Of North Carolina , Emory Department Of Psychology , Tobacco Research , Senior Author , Assistant Professor , Behavioral Genetics , Addiction Laboratory , Victoria Risner , North Carolina , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , ரோஹன் பாமர் , எமிலி ஹென்டர்சன் , உணர்ச்சி பல்கலைக்கழகம் , நிகோடின் புகையிலை ஆராய்ச்சி , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் வடக்கு கரோலினா , உணர்ச்சி துறை ஆஃப் உளவியல் , புகையிலை ஆராய்ச்சி , மூத்தவர் நூலாசிரியர் , உதவியாளர் ப்ரொஃபெஸர் , நடத்தை ஜெநெடிக்ஸ் ,

Study shows adaptive brain response to stress, and its absence in people with depression


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A new study identifies a novel biomarker indicating resilience to chronic stress. This biomarker is largely absent in people suffering from major depressive disorder, and this absence is further associated with pessimism in daily life, the study finds.
Nature Communications published the research by scientists at Emory University.
The researchers used brain imaging to identify differences in the neurotransmitter glutamate within the medial prefrontal cortex before and after study participants underwent stressful tasks. They then followed the participants for four weeks, using a survey protocol to regularly assess how participants rated their expected and experienced outcomes for daily activities. ....

United States , Makiah Nuutinen , Daniel Cole , Michael Treadway , Shabnam Hossein , Brittany Devries , Gemma Hahn , Chelsea Leonard , Jessica Cooper , Nature Communications , Emory University , Treadway Translational Research In Affective Disorders Laboratory , Kaiser Family Foundation , Department Of Psychiatry , National Institutes Of Mental Health , Mclean Hospital Harvard Medical School , Emory Department Of Psychology , University Of Arkansas , Translational Research , Affective Disorders , Kaiser Family , Victoria Lawlor , Andrew Teer , Harvard Medical , National Institutes , Medicine Health ,