Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder globally, with a greater morbidity rate among females than males. MDD encompasses both psychological and physical symptoms, and is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), encompassing obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. This is attributed to shared pathophysiology, including endocrine dysregulation, inflammation, and stress. However, there is limited understanding of the roles of and complex interactions between biological, psychological and physical contributors to the association between MDD and CMD. Prolactin, thyroid hormones, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of both MDD and CMD. Prolactin is associated with stress and weight gain but there is limited research in MDD; cytokines are relevant to the inflammatory theory of MDD but sex differences have not been extensively examined; thyroid hormone dysfunction is
A study led by Brazilian researchers shows that people who have had zika run a higher risk of subsequently having severe dengue and being hospitalized.