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The Nizari Ismaili were some of the most feared assassins in the turbulent medieval Middle East. They used secret techniques to survive against enemies with bigger armies. That is until they finally met their match. ....
Niẓām al-Mulk, (Arabic: “Order of the Kingdom”) , original name Abū ʿAlī Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Isḥāq al-Ṭūsī, (born c. 1018/19, Ṭūs, Khorāsān, Iran died Oct. 14, 1092, near Nehāvand), Persian vizier of the Turkish Seljuq sultans (1063–92), best remembered for his large treatise on kingship, Seyāsat-nāmeh (The Book of Government; or, Rules for Kings).
Niẓām al-Mulk was the son of a revenue official for the Ghaznavid dynasty. Through his father’s position, he was born into the literate, cultured milieu of the Persian administrative class. His early years included a religious education, and he spent significant time with jurists and scholars ....
Nizārī Ismāʿīliyyah, commonly called Assassins, religio-political movement that arose between the 11th and the 13th century among the Ismāʿīliyyah, a branch of Shīʿite Islam. Dynastic strife among the Fāṭimids, who were the heads of the Shīʿite Ismāʿīlī movement, resulted in the establishment of a rival caliphate in Egypt in opposition to that of the ʿAbbāsids in Baghdad. After the death of the Fāṭimid caliph al-Mustanṣir (1094), Ḥasan-e Ṣabbāḥ and other Ismāʿīliyyah in Iran refused to recognize the new Fāṭimid caliph in Cairo and transferred their allegiance to his deposed elder brother, Nizār, and the latter’s descendants. There thus grew up ....