The paper develops an empirical model to test the substitution of trade credit for bank credit using the annual financial data of 1,028 Indian manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2019. It further examines the impact of macroeconomic policy interventions on using these two financing sources.
Vanita Singh (vanita.singh@mdi.ac.in) teaches economics and public policy at the Management Development Institute, Gurugram. Amit Garg teaches in the Public Systems Group at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Environmental, political, economic, and health disruptions in recent years have helped fuel concerns that too much interdependence through global value chains may be a problem. This column compares the relative effects of a domestic demand shock to those of a global value chain-related shock and concludes that engagement in global value chains allows unexpected shocks to
Section 1135 emergency waivers were designed as tools for policy-makers to rapidly increase health system capacity during a disaster. Granting regulatory, administrative, or payment-model flexibilities during the covid-19 pandemic, states may be better.
There is no doubt that the production of goods and services has become increasingly globalized since the 1970s, but this trend is one that is hard to measure. Ideally, the best way would be to use firm-level trade and census data across countries, but such data are very rare.