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Implications of reducing antibiotic treatment duration for antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings: A modelling study and meta-analysis

Author summary Why was this study done? Shortening antibiotic treatment duration is a commonly adopted antibiotic stewardship strategy, with the expectation that it will reduce antimicrobial resistance in treated individuals and in the overall population. Antibiotic selective pressure acts predominantly on “bystander” colonising bacteria for resistance, and this depends on the spectrum of coverage, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of individual antibiotics. Empirical evidence and an understanding of the mechanisms by which antibiotic treatment duration effects the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are lacking. Understanding the key factors driving the effect of antibiotic treatment duration on resistance carriage will help to inform future research study designs, antimicrobial stewardship interventions, and resource allocation in multimodal control strategies. What did the researchers do and find? We modelled within- and between-host dynam ....

United Kingdom , Ricardo Sempedro , Jiraboon Tosanguan , Anastasia Hernandez Koutoucheva , Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Programme , Singapore National Medical Research Council Fellowship , United Kingdom Medical Research Council , Creative Commons Attribution License , Wellcome Trust , Antibiotic Resistance , Antimicrobial Resistance , Gram Negative Bacteria , Medical Risk Factors , Systematic Reviews , Gut Bacteria ,

Transmission of community- and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings in the UK: A cohort study

In a cohort study, Mo Yin and colleagues investigate transmission of community- and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 in hospital settings in the UK. ....

United Kingdom , Monte Carlo , Mirjamee Kretzschmar , Confidentiality Advisory Group , Infections In Oxfordshire Research Database , Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit , Oxford University Hospitals , Department Of Health , European Union , Research Council , Zoonotic Infections At University Of Liverpool , Research Ethics Committee , United Kingdom National Health Service , Department Of Health Or Public England , University Of Oxford , Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development , Health Research Authority , National Institute For Health Research , Antimicrobial Resistance At Oxford University , Biomedical Research Centre , Centre For Global Infectious Disease Analysis , Singapore National Medical Research Council Fellowship , Liverpool School Of Tropical Medicine , Commonwealth Development Office , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus , Coronavirus Disease ,