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The natural history of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Stages of tuberculosis disease can be delineated by radiology, microbiology, and symptoms, but transitions between these stages remain unclear. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of individuals with untreated tuberculosis who underwent follow-up (34 cohorts from 24 studies, with a combined sample of 139 063), we aimed to quantify progression and regression across the tuberculosis disease spectrum by extracting summary estimates to align with disease transitions in a conceptual framework of the natural history of tuberculosis.

Slovak republicHong kongTamil naduUnited statesUnited kingdomOrrego puelmaActa tuberc pneumol scandSchweizz tuberkIndianj tubercActa tuberc scandInternational union against tuberculosis committee on prophylaxisHong kong chest serviceMadras british medical research councilBritish medical research councilTuberculosis society of scotlandBull world health organ

Completion, safety, and efficacy of tuberculosis preventive treatment regimens containing rifampicin or rifapentine: an individual patient data network meta-analysis

In the absence of RCTs, our individual patient data network meta-analysis indicates that 3HP provided an increase in treatment completion over 4R, but was associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Although findings should be confirmed, the trade-off between completion and safety must be considered when selecting a regimen for tuberculosis preventive treatment.

Hong kongTamil naduUnited statesBamrah morrisEnferm infecc microbiol clinHong kong chest service tuberculosis research centreAgency for healthcare researchJ correct health careMadras british medical research councilWorld health organizationHealth organizationInfect disIntern medMortal wkly repEnglj medRes methodol

Mediastinal cryobiopsy: safe and effective but in whom and when?

Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for real-time mediastinal tissue sampling was a transformative development in the evolving landscape of cancer diagnosis. Techniques for fine needle aspiration of mediastinal masses had been described as early as 1949 and then by Wang and colleagues1 in 1978; however, major technological advances were necessary for EBUS-TBNA to become a mainstream tool in the modern era. With non-inferior sensitivity, and favourable risk profile and cost-effectiveness, compared with gold-standard surgical mediastinoscopy, linear EBUS-TBNA has emerged as the recommended initial modality for assessment of mediastinal and hilar pathology.

Souza mendonSamary lobatoAmerican college of chest physiciansRev respir disAmerican collegeChest physicians

Pulse oximetry for the diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Pulse oximetry for the diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome
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United statesRev respir disScare med

Estimating annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Estimating annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Slovak republicUnited kingdomUnited statesDavidw dowdyMarcela behrBull world health organElsevier ltdInfect disPersonal viewJohns hopkins hospTuberc resRev respir disWorld health organEnglj med