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Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. PCD provides an open exchange of information and knowledge among researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and others who strive to improve the health of the public through chronic disease prevention.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic
β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite
enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions
between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment
and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune
attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes
show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.
Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, is a rare and complex autoimmune connective-tissue
disease. Once considered an untreatable and unpredictable condition, research advancements
have improved our understanding of its disease pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes
and expanded our treatment armamentarium. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential,
while ongoing efforts to risk stratify patients have a central role in predicting
both organ involvement and disease progression. A holistic approach is required when
choosing the optimal therapeutic strategy, balancing the side-effect profile with
efficacy and tailoring the treatment according to the goals of care of the patient.