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Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK

Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK
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United kingdomSouthwest finlandSouthern ostrobothniaGreat britainHosseini fardJ clin endocrinolInternational journal of celiac diseaseOffice for national statisticsInternational diabetes federation atlasHealth promot perspectHealth improvement networkPractice research databaseClinical practice research datalinkSwedish childhood diabetes study groupDepartment for communitiesDiabetes research

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.

United kingdomNordrhein westfalenSri lankaSouthern ostrobothniaUnited statesNorth yorkshireCardiovasc diabetolPediatr nephrolJ clin endocrinolNat genetHosseini fardAl tajiAdolesc nutrAmerican diabetes association professional pratice committeeAmerican diabetes association professional practice committeeMarket research

Type 1 Diabetes in Adults: A Consensus Statement From the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes occurs at any age and can be misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes in adults. Better testing methods and professional education are needed.

United statesUnited kingdomHosseini fardRichard holtAnne louise petersEuropean association for the study of diabetesUniversity of southamptonId exchangeUniversity clinical diabetes programsStudy groupAmerican diabetes associationStudy research groupStandards revision taskHealth promot perspectEuropean unionComplications trial research group

Frontiers | Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—The Genetic Link

Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are the most frequent chronic autoimmune diseases worldwide. Several autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders tend to occur together. T1D and AITD often cluster in individuals and families, seen in the formation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP). The close relationship between these two diseases is largely explained by sharing a common genetic background. The HLA antigens DQ2 ( DQA1 0501-DQB1 0201) and DQ8 ( DQA1 0301-DQB1 0302), tightly linked with DR3 and DR4, are the major common genetic predisposition. Moreover, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (or rare variants) of various genes, such as the

United statesSaudi arabiaHosseini fardSaudia arabiaPanelb twoHealth promot perspectPanela oneMolecular thyroid laboratoryJohannes gutenberg universityDepartment of medicineIranian jewsChinese hanWestern europeSouth asiaNorthern indianNorthern india