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Frontiers | Phenotypic and Genotypic Co-receptor Tropism Testing in HIV-1 Epidemic Region of Tanzania Where Multiple Non-B Subtypes Co-circulate

2Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
4Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
HIV human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) entry inhibitor potency is dependent on viral co-receptor tropisms and thereby tropism determination is clinically important. However, phenotypic tropisms of HIV-1 non-B subtypes have been poorly investigated and the genotypic prediction algorithms remain insufficiently validated. To clarify this issue, we recruited 52 treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients in Tanzania, where multiple HIV-1 non-B subtypes co-circulate. Sequence analysis of 93 infectious envelope clones isolated from their plasma viral RNA revealed the co-circulation of subtypes A1, C, D, and inter-subtype recombinant forms (isRFs). Phenotypic tropism assays revealed that lentivirus reporters pseudotyped with 75 (80.6%) and 5 (5.4%) envelope cl ....

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One Health Approach Key to Tackling Africa's Challenges

COVID-19 has shown that we need to act fast as changes at the interface of humans, livestock and wildlife are driving increased risk of emerging disease threats across the globe. Credit: Marc-André Boisvert/IPS
IBADAN, Nigeria, May 11 2021 (IPS) - The COVID-19 pandemic has shown us that global health challenges cannot be solved only by health sector interventions.
Many of the recent epidemics Ebola, Zika and even Covid-19 are emerging infectious diseases transmissible from wildlife species. In addition, other global health challenges greatly impact people, livestock, wildlife and agriculture which results in adverse effects on local, national, and global economies.
To truly tackle prospective pandemics, Africa’s higher education institutions need to promote a more integrated approach to healthcare training that breaks down the silos between doctors, veterinarians, laboratory scientists and other aligned professions to embrace a “one health” approach. In sh ....

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[Full text] Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Routine

2Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (CTRL), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
3School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania;
4University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada;
5Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Correspondence: Nicholaus P Mnyambwa
Email [email protected]
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats of modern public health. Although sub-Saharan Africa is highly burdened with infectious diseases, current data on antimicrobial resistance are sparse.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical bacterial isolates obtained from four referral hospitals in Tanzania. We used standard media and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods as per Clinical and Laboratory Standar ....

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