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"Methods for studying P2X4 receptor ion channels in immune cells" by Ronald Sluyter, Tahnee B.D. McEwan et al.

The P2X4 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated ion channel activated by adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). P2X4 is present in immune cells with emerging roles in inflammation and immunity, and related disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of the methods commonly used to study P2X4 in immune cells, focusing on those methods used to assess P2RX4 gene expression, the presence of the P2X4 protein, and P2X4 ion channel activity in these cells from humans, dogs, mice and rats. P2RX4 gene expression in immune cells is commonly assessed using semi-quantitative and quantitative reverse-transcriptase-PCR. The presence of P2X4 protein in immune cells is mainly assessed using anti-P2X4 polyclonal antibodies with immunoblotting or immunochemistry, but the use of these antibodies, as well as monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies to detect P2X4 with flow cytometry is increasing. Notably, use of an anti-P2X4 monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry has revealed that P2X4 is present on immune c ....

Adenosine 5 Triphosphate , Luorescence Technique , Igand Gated Ion Channel , Atch Clamping , Urinergic Receptor ,

Smoking, infection, and BMI found to significantly sway immune response, study shows

Study reveals how smoking, CMV latent infection, and BMI significantly influence cytokine release, impacting immune response variability and potentially affecting disease risk. ....

Milieu Int , Bacillus Calmette Gu , Immune Response , Na Methylation , Interleukin 2 , Research Project , Ars Cov 2 , Evere Acute Respiratory , Evere Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,

Monash-led study unveils potential long-term treatment for lupus

Researchers assessed Smith (Sm)-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) efficacy in halting lupus nephritis (LN) by engineering and testing epitope-targeted Tregs for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment. ....

Eteläuomen Läi , Nature Communications , Sm Specific Treg , Sm Specific Tregs , Human Leukocyte Antigen , N Vitro , Lupus Erythematosus , Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , T Cell ,

Small-molecule A485 mobilizes white blood cells on demand

New study reveals a small molecule that can selectively mobilize white blood cells, offering potential treatments for diseases with abnormal leukocyte counts. ....

Liji Thomas , Bone Marrow , Bell Production , Central Nervous System , Nervous System ,