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App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial

Objective To determine whether a smartphone application based education programme can lower salt intake in schoolchildren and their families.

Design Parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either intervention or control group (1:1).

Setting 54 primary schools from three provinces in northern, central, and southern China, from 15 September 2018 to 27 December 2019.

Participants 592 children (308 (52.0%) boys; mean age 8.58 (standard deviation 0.41) years) in grade 3 of primary school (about 11 children per school) and 1184 adult family members (551 (46.5%) men; mean age 45.80 (12.87) years).

Intervention Children in the intervention group were taught, with support of the app, about salt reduction and assigned homework to encourage their families to participate in activities to reduce salt consumption.

Main outcome measures Primary outcome was the difference in salt intake change (measured by 24 hour urinary sodi ....

Yuan Li , Feng He , Jing He , Le Dong , Wei Zhao , United Kingdom , Rong Luo , Tianyong Wu , Jianyun Yao , Changqiong Wang , Siyuan Zhou , Yu Liu , Daoxi Li , Fengge Chen , Grahama Macgregor , Edusalt Appsalt , Yuhong Zhao , Puhong Zhang , Changxing Lou , Yuewen Sun , University Institutional Review Board , World Health Organization , National Institute For Health Research , Community Health Service Centres , United Kingdom National Institute For Health Research , United Kingdom Department Of Health ,

Toxin-antitoxin function fuels antibiotic-resistance research


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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are now known to negatively control plasmid replication, according to Thomas Wood, Biotechnology Endowed Chair and professor of chemical engineering in the Penn State College of Engineering.
Plasmids, or extra-chromosomal bits of DNA, allow bacteria to evade antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective in halting a bacterial infection.
The presence or absence of plasmids impacts a bacterium s resistance to antibiotics and its ability to cause infection important points related to fighting bacterial infections, according to Wood.
Each year, there are at least 700,000 deaths worldwide because of bacterial infections, a growing number that is projected to increase to 10 million by 2050, Wood said. And of course, the effectiveness of antibiotics is critical to healing from any type of bacterial infection. ....

United States , Thomas Wood , Yi Cheng Sun , Xiaoxue Wang , Baiyuan Li , Pengxia Wang , Kaihao Tang , Jianyun Yao , Penn State College Of Engineering , National Natural Science Foundation Of China , Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Texasam University , Proceedings Of The National Academy Sciences , Chinese Academy Of Sciences , Biotechnology Endowed Chair , Penn State College , National Academy , Chinese Academy , Southern Marine Science , Biotechnology Endowment , National Natural Science Foundation , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , தாமஸ் மரம் , இ செங் சூரியன் , பென் நிலை கல்லூரி ஆஃப் பொறியியல் , தேசிய இயற்கை அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் ஆஃப் சீனா ,