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How mammals evolved big brains
Brain proportions were driven by body size and cataclysmic events.
Scientists have now pieced together a 150-million-year timeline to determine how mammals evolved big brains.
An international team, led by Jeroen Smaers of Stony Brook University, US, compared the brain mass of 1400 living mammals and 107 fossils and compared them to body size to determine how the scale of the two has changed through time.
The result? Brain size and body size didn’t evolve in a stable way.
Instead, the researchers found that big-brained animals like humans, elephants and dolphins all evolved their brain-to-body-size proportions in different ways.
Huge Study of Over 1,400 Species Could Change Our Understanding of Intelligence
30 APRIL 2021
When considering matters of intelligence among animals, it s not irrational to assume size matters. Bigger bodies allow for bigger brains, after all, and bigger brains provide the potential real estate for developing better problem-solving skills.
Yet neurons don t work for free, a fact that constrains how nervous systems might evolve in size and complexity in the first place. Just because skulls expand, doesn t mean nature will automatically fill them with grey matter.
Strange as it seems, we know very little about the evolutionary forces responsible for diversifying brain size across the backboned part of the animal kingdom.