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Objective To estimate the effectiveness of the bivalent mRNA booster vaccines containing the original SARS-CoV-2 and omicron BA.4-5 or BA.1 subvariants as the fourth dose against severe covid-19.
Design Nationwide cohort analyses, using target trial emulation.
Setting Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, from 1 July 2022 to 10 April 2023.
Participants People aged ≥50 years who had received at least three doses of covid-19 vaccine (that is, a primary course and a first booster).
Main outcome measures The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to compare the risk of hospital admission and death related to covid-19 in people who received a bivalent Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) or Spikevax (Moderna) BA.4-5 or BA.1 mRNA booster vaccine as a fourth dose (second booster) with three dose (first booster) vaccinated people and between four dose vaccinated people.
Results A total of 1 634 199 people receiving bivalent BA.4-5 fourth dose booster and 1 042 124 ....
Objective To investigate the comparative vaccine effectiveness of heterologous booster schedules (ie, three vaccine doses) compared with primary schedules (two vaccine doses) and with homologous mRNA vaccine booster schedules (three vaccine doses) during a period of omicron predominance.
Design Population based cohort analyses.
Setting Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 27 December 2020 to 31 December 2022.
Participants All adults aged ≥18 years who had received at least a primary vaccination schedule of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or monovalent SARS-CoV-2 wild type (ancestral) strain based mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), in any combination.
Main outcome measures The main outcome measure was country combined risks of covid-19 related hospital admission and death with covid-19 and additional outcomes of covid-19 related admission to an intensive care unit and SARS-CoV-2 infection. During a period of omicron predominance, ....