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Understanding the Paris Commune On its 150th Anniversary


Introduction
The Paris Commune of 1871 only lasted from March 18 to May 28, just 72 days, yet it is one of the most celebrated events in socialist history. It is a legend. Yet, what was it? What is it for us today? A model for socialists? A heroic failure? Negation of the state? Or the first workers’ government? Karl Marx wrote the most famous contemporary account, yet he failed to take up some of the Commune’s serious problems. Why?
In Part I of this essay, below, I look at the events of the Commune as they developed, relying largely on the work of Jacques Rougerie, whom we might call a representative of the school of “history from below,” and of Carolyn J. Eichner, a historian of women in the Commune. (Where quotations have no footnote, they come from Rougerie’s books.) In Part II, which can be read online here or in print in the summer 2021 issue of ....

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Bicentenary of Napoleon's death: Macron praises Bonapartist police-state rule


Bicentenary of Napoleon’s death: Macron praises Bonapartist police-state rule
On May 5, French President Emmanuel Macron spoke on the bicentenary of the death of Napoleon Bonaparte on May 5, 1821, in exile on the island of Saint Helena.
Macron with French Army Chief of Staff General Pierre de Villiers in 2017 [Credit: Etienne Laurent/Pool Photo via AP, File]
Napoleon, his military genius and the sweep of his political life have been the topic of countless official speeches these two centuries. His career from the radical era of the French Revolution in 1793, through his seizure of power in a 1799 coup and his decision to crown himself Emperor in 1804, to his defeat at Waterloo in 1815 is marked by all the contradictions of the era of the French Revolution. What official speakers have chosen to highlight about Napoleon has typically said more about their regimes than about Napoleon’s place in history. ....

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Black Lives Matter goes to war with Napoleon and the French Revolution


Black Lives Matter goes to war with Napoleon and the French Revolution
The
New York Times championed the 1619 Project, a now-discredited attempt to rewrite all of US history as centered on racial conflict and the first arrival of slaves in America in 1619. The racialist climate it helped stoke has seen petty-bourgeois supporters of Black Lives Matter topple statues of leaders of the 1776 American Revolution and of the anti-slavery forces in the US Civil War.
Now, the
Times is taking aim at the French Revolution. In March, it published a column by Professor Marlene Daut titled “Napoleon Isn’t a Hero to Celebrate.” A supporter of Black Lives Matter, she is outraged by the marking of the bicentennial of Napoleon’s death on May 5, 1821. She denounces Napoleon, claiming he was driven by genocidal anti-black racism: ....

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Life without liberty: how Covid turned Paris into a city of fear


Life without liberty: how Covid turned Paris into a city of fear
A strict curfew, tough police measures and rising crime mean tensions are running high in the French capital. 
In the early evening of Wednesday 20 January, as I was locking up my office in a neighbourhood in southern Paris, I walked straight into a group of four heavily armed soldiers who were coming down the street. They asked me where I lived, which is no more than a ten-minute walk away, and after a cursory but friendly look at my papers, they waved me on my way. They were there to enforce the latest curfew which had been imposed on Paris four days earlier. ....

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Charles Mills Thinks Liberalism Still Has a Chance


Charles W. Mills. (Photo by Sam Alcoff)
Arguably no contemporary scholar has thought more deeply about how liberalism as a political tradition and philosophy has been historically and structurally biased towards the socioeconomic interests of white people than the political philosopher Charles W. Mills. In works such as
The Racial Contract and
Black Rights/White Wrongs, he has sought to show the reality of an ongoing system of white domination in which liberalism both as a philosophy and as a system of governance is complicit. Mills traces the problem back to the origins of modern liberalism, when liberals thinkers such as Kant and Locke limited the question of moral and political equality to whites, at the same time that European powers were enslaving and oppressing nonwhite peoples.1 ....

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