13–15 Calycosin is a fat-soluble component in the dried root of
Astragalus membranaceus, which are organic compounds widely found in nature. Calycosin exerts various anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo,
16–18 but its mechanism of action in human GC cells is not clear.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of calycosin on apoptosis, the cell cycle, and migration of GC cells under ROS regulation. In addition, we also determined the roles of MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB pathways in these processes.
Materials and Methods
Cell Lines and Cell Culture
Twelve types of GC cells (AGS, KATO-3, MKN-28, MKN-45, NCI-N87, SNU-5, SNU-216, SNU-484, SNU-668, YCC-1, YCC-6, and YCC-16) and normal human lung cells IMR-90 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA), and three normal cell lines (GES-1, L-02, and 293T) were purchased from Saiqi Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). AGS, KATO-3, MKN-28, MKN-45, SNU-5, SNU-216, SNU-484, SNU-668, IMR-90, and L-02 cells were
G), invasion rate (
H,
I) in vitro model of LNCap cell. p 0.01 compared with negative group, #p 0.01 compared with down-regulation of RAMS11 group.
Abbreviations: Negative, negative mimics group; SiRAMS11, down-regulation of RAMS11 group; Top2α, over-expression of Top2α group.
Discussion
The treatment of prostate cancer is mainly determined by objective factors, including patient age, physical condition, clinical stage, Gleason score, presence or absence of pelvic lymph nodes, distant metastases, and life expectancy.
18 At present, there are various therapeutic methods for prostate cancer, each with advantages and disadvantages.
19 Comprehensive consideration should be given towards patients with early-stage prostate cancer according to the patient’s condition. While patients with advanced prostate cancer still cannot be cured, the treatment should aim to relieve clinical symptoms and to prolong survival.