Nancy caught, for her support of our endeavor here today. Today, we will address a timely topic the participation of historians in courtroom proceedings. Theres no systematic study, but the evidence we have indicates of, for instance, scholarly amicus briefs, where scholars file amicus briefs in court proceedings, has been increasing. Theres a long history of scholarly input into Appellate Court cases stretching back at least to the famous brandeis inef in a Supreme Court case 1908, but for our purposes, our pedigree as historians might be traced back to the brown versus board of education litigation in which the distinguished cptorians helped the in aa casee naacp make the against School Segregation. More recently, 400 historians signed an amicus brief in the case of webster versus reproductive services, the abortion rights case from 1989, tell youanelists will about things that are both older and more recent. In addition, historians testifying at trial has a quite long pedigree. As j