[applause] free baba now! free baba now! free baba now! free baba now! free baba now! [banging] they don't want to show us the warrant! imagine you're in your pajamas and you're about to wake up for the day to begin-- they're taking my husband. and they take you away from everybody you love and you know, even though you've lived here your entire life. or imagine you're baba sillah and you go to isis headquarters, do what you're supposed to do-- you check in. and you go there thinking, then i'm going to go to work, then i'm going to go see my babies at night, my wife, and i'm going to live my life. and they end all that. no ban. no wall! these are racist laws that are tearing families apart in a way that's in opposition to everything that this country is supposed to believe in. we've been on this track of creating this aggressive, relentless challenge to isis actions to shine a light on what's wrong. [traffic sounds] what i'd like to do is to talk about the day when ice came to pick you up. they knocked on the door. so i opened the window. they have the police jackets, they have guns. they put me in the-- the thing-- handcuffs? yes. rapid defense network provides last minute emergency work for people getting detained or deported. we focus exclusively on that. we've kind of created the model. you have the right to stay in the united states. we don't want them at any point to say, ok, you have to go back to nepal before the process is done. i mean, the problem in all these cases is that these individuals who lived here, have been part of the community, are just taken. it's like a dictatorship, disappearing people. and it makes trying to defend against it extremely challenging. because you're not only racing against the clock, but you're like racing against complete invisibility about what's going on. by the way, not to be a debbie downer, but i don't want to be the only one with this information in my head because it makes me sad. but the [bleep] was deported. was he really? yeah, from april. the uscis submitted a notice that he was deported, which just means he lost his appeal, i guess. yeah, his motion to reopen was denied. wow. [mournful music] there are so many insane things about immigration law. it flips inside out everything that we learned in fifth grade about our government and our country and how it works. [water rushing] immigration law as we know it was not in existence when most people's grandparents arrived at ellis island. so when people say, why don't they do it the way our ancestors did, it's because the rules have been drastically rewritten, and they were rewritten in racist ways. one of the first major immigration acts was the chinese exclusion act-- that's what it was called. it was written to exclude chinese people from the united states. this is where we started and it just got worse from there. the way that the immigration code is written, it's compared to the tax code in terms of its complexity and incomprehensibility. so you're dealing already with a mess that was based in racist principles about keeping people out, all the way up to 9/11. 9/11 happens and everything shifts to national security. [applause] the homeland security act of 2002 takes the next critical steps. after 9/11, the ins doesn't exist anymore. it's split up into a new agency called the department of homeland security, and another agency, the department of justice, headed by the attorney general and the president. so everything gets sucked into the executive branch, but now it's on steroids. we'll have nearly 170,000 employees. you have the department of homeland security handling visas and immigration enforcement. but the immigration judges are within the department of justice-- they're part of the deportation mechanism. they're not independent. you're trying to get in front of a real judge. there's such control over immigration judges that you want to get in front of somebody with federal court powers, which are just much broader and independent. federal court allows for people to exercise their rights and present their case to the court through a writ of habeas corpus. habeas corpus, literally means bring the body to court. [gavel bangs] the writ of habeas corpus ensures the defendants will not be held in jail without due process of law. this being a violation of the constitution of the united states, he cannot be unlawfully detained without an accusation made before a judge. generally in immigration cases, you're limited in your ability to have a judge actually hear your case. so the thread through all of our cases was this continuing effort to getting our clients cases actually heard. hi, it's sarah gillman. we're going to be asked to be heard by judge ramos again. we just spoke to mr. [bleep] wife and she said that he was moved at 2:00 in the morning to alabama. i'm not really sure why-- we will call the court and let them know that we're going to go back and request to be heard with the up-to-date facts. it's really like, the game is, they don't want us to be able to bring cases anywhere rather than-- it makes any sense or there's any sort of legal basis for it. this is the us government, they've got attorneys everywhere. and yet we're supposed to run around like-- this is the writ of habeas corpus that's not supposed to be suspended, absent rebellion or civil insurrection. and this is how they deal with it, which makes no sense. all right. everything we do is in uncharted territory. so it's impossible not to be learning a lot as we go along. we didn't get a stay in new york so now we're going to go to new jersey. and when we get to court, i'm going to go to the clerk's office and ask that we be heard. and maybe we'll get judge salas so we can do mrs. [bleep] case and then we'll do mr. [bleep] case. do a twofer. and i don't know what's going to happen with mr. [bleep].. i'm assuming he's going to be deported tomorrow if we don't get a stay. we'll do the best we can. so we'll see. god, i hope we win today. i mean, that'll be epic. your honor, there are significant questions here regarding actions taken by the government and whether or not they were legal. habeas corpus proved to be like the most effective defense against unlawful government conduct. gregory and sarah are using it to put pressure on the government to say, you have to have a valid reason for holding this person and depriving them of their liberty. the legal writing that they do, which is brilliant and nimble, just puts a wedge in the deportation machine and then creates a machine to kind of reverse the gears. baba sillah came to the united states from gambia in 1993. he had sought protection from persecution. he gets married. his wife is a us citizen. he has five us citizen children. he gets a job. he becomes a union member. without any warning, he gets detained at a routine ice check-in. it again shows that all of your immigration policies are simply based in hate and bigotry. baba should be no place except working and taking care of his family. [applause] we found out-- because there was a lot of news media about baba. there were some tweets about it, and i read and it's like, five us citizen children, us citizen wife. i'm like, ok, come on. i will give free representation to the sillah family. gregory actually reached out and he said, let us know if you need help. this is sort of the work we do. they're supposed to call me back. i don't hear from them. so over that weekend, my colleague sarah and i, we were driving back from rochester from another hearing in another case through this crazy, wild storm. we had gone up there with a journalist that was following the case. and as we were driving down, we got a call from the lawyers who were representing baba sillah. and they said, he's getting deported today. they are taking him to jfk as we speak. can you please help us? we looked at the gps and it said we were about three hours away from new york. the flight is going to take off at 8:05. we realized there's no way we were going to make it to the city on time. i think for a moment and we were like, what do we do? and then we were just like, ok, we're going to file everything online. it's going to break the rules a little bit, then we're going to call the judge and we're going to demand a hearing and see what happens. so we wrote the petition. sarah is driving down the highway. and like the winds are going crazy. greg uses this phone as a hotspot because there's no service. i start writing this thing at 5:00. i file it at 6:10. i call the court, my phone's not working. so we pulled up at a gas station. it's snowing, it's the middle of nowhere. and sarah and greg just call into the chambers. judge says, ok, we're going to hold a hearing at 7:20. so now we've got 45 minutes until the plane takes off. i'm talking to the lawyers. they are parking at some gas station, working on baba's case. they are filing some emergency stay, so let's see what's going to happen before the flight is going to take off. that was going to be 8:20. almost i was-- like i'm out of my mind. sarah and greg argued the case that baba sillah had a right to stay because there were still legal avenues available to him. your honor, i believe that the application is about pursuing the process that has been held out to him. the main point here is that-- at this point, he's boarding the plane with four ice agents. as soon as they lift off, there's just no coming back from that obviously. but at 7:45, the judge is like, listen. i'm giving an order now that i want him taken off the plane. the order is effective as of now as i'm saying it, so please convey that to ice so that there's no danger of mr. sillah being removed. i want to make sure that's all clear. it is, your honor. i have received confirmation that ice is aware of the court's order. very good. thank you, your honor. gregory and i were in the front seat and we were like high fiving. i was like, oh my god, that's so amazing. they guarantee baba to stay. everybody fall on the floor. everybody said, oh, thank god. that day-- yeah, i don't know how can i explain the day. it was a very good day for us. yeah. it was like blowing up on social media, this deportation had been stayed. and i saw gregory tweeting. and it looks to me like they had just filed a petition from the vehicle. the government had to go back on the plane and take the person off of the plane. gregory and sarah, they've become experts in saving people from being deported at the last second-- people who are about to be deported and shouldn't be. why are 93% of sleep number sleepers very satisfied with their bed? 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one in new york, one in new jersey, and one in florida and california. but you can't look at a case and say, i'm going to take this case because i know i'm going to win. you're a lawyer. you take the case because you think there's a legal argument you can make. and why not fight it out and see? you know? the same things have always been important to me-- fighting when things are not fair. growing up, i had really pretty serious learning problems. i had an amazing mother who was really dedicated. she would read all my textbooks onto tape which i then listened to because i couldn't read. and so the sense of injustice that i felt, it was sort of formative. i got a job at a big law firm. i worked there for almost eight years. i was making tons of money but it was never meaningful. donald j. trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of muslims entering the united states. donald trump got elected and then the muslim ban was issued. [applause] let them in! let them in! so then i'm like, ok, i'm done with this. i took an 82% pay cut. president trump's immigration crackdown has caused chaos and confusion. i started at the legal aid society, and my supervisor was sarah gillman. we've seen volunteer lawyers on laptops, trying to write arguments. i still remember that night of the travel ban. a bunch of us at legal aid, sitting at the airport, pressing send after we wrote a habeas petition. because they needed people to file habeas petitions to stop deportations. i had been doing detention work for 10 years and i just had never seen anything like it. thank you. you're doing a good job out here. thank you. the first time i ever met gregory at legal aid, he said he was really interested in federal litigation. and i was like, oh, that's amazing. i believe strongly that we should be in federal court as much as we could, even more so right after trump was elected. sarah and i kind of became a very solid team because we had a similar approach of, like, let's just figure out how to make this work. we don't need to win every case. we just need to keep fighting. i mean, it's a fucking terrible decision. yeah. i can't believe it! if she allows them to deport him, the constitution, which is a guiding thing and has to apply to mr. [bleep],, doesn't. i mean, that's what's so fucking frustrating about it, you know? [cars honking] i think i'm kind of like the scrappy street lawyer. ugh-- drives me crazy. but i'm always willing to try. like i want to do a good job, but i'm not perfect. i think everybody deals with this work differently, and i deal with it just by taking a walk sometimes. so if the only place to walk is around costco, i go and do that. and if i was actually by myself, i probably would have sat there and had my whatever drink. and then i'm ready to go again. you know, trump inherited this immigration system but the system was in place long before him. obama deported far more people than all the presidents before him. he at some point, became the deporter-in-chief. if you're a criminal, you'll be deported. but obama focused removal efforts on people who had serious criminal convictions. our country is full. trump instead focused on 20, 30-year-old low level crimes that people had committed in their youth. so a lot of the people who ended up facing deportation under the trump administration were people who had jobs, friends, communities-- who had been living in the us for decades. baba had been working as a porter in the upper east side at the time of his detention. but he had some minor convictions from early on in his time in the us over street vending and like really low level stuff. we started looking at his case and we thought, you know, let's try a pardon. he's super sympathetic, he's got this beautiful family. his convictions were incredibly minor-- really long time ago. so we tried to push hard to get baba a pardon from the governor. you got a pardon of all your convictions. yes. yeah, you got pardoned by the governor. today, yeah. and when baba was released from hudson county jail in new jersey, it was quiet. it was me and gregory. i'm so glad you're free, man. it's all right. take your time. [hopeful music] great, we'll see you there. thanks so much, jason. bye. and we went back to new york. there were like tons of people. it was really supportive. [cheering] daddy! [crying and laughing] wow! [baby crying] see daddy? see daddy? i'm feeling so good. i'm thankful for everybody. and my lovely wife, and thank her so much. and greg. 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[children laughing] [mother singing] they were planning day and night, were they going to be able to take me from my family. every time when i went there to report, i never know i'm going to come out or not. they treated me like a criminal, like i do the something-- like i do the crime. i remember one day he asked me the number. he was gonna call my wife or somebody to pack my stuff. he's going to deport me. so after he left, that day i was very sad thinking about my family. i'm not worried about-- i worry about myself, but not like the worry about my family. because i know she's here by herself with the five kids. plus, i know that right away, she's going to lose her job when i left. because she cannot be able to call out every day, every other week. i feel so good now, very happy with my family. [children giggling] they always smile. you see the plane, and they will be laughing. gregory copeland, sarah gillman. thank you, chairman menchaca. sarah and i are part of a new organization. our model is a rapid response model that we developed at the legal aid society to get into federal court, prevent deportations. to make this sustainable, we obviously need to get funded. it's hard to get funding. it's hard to tell people to give you money. did you see the email from the [bleep]?? oh, they're making a donation? yeah, hopefully. there's something that just seems almost insulting or disrespectful-- the fact that we have to ask people to cover our costs. like, not pay us our fees, but just cover the costs that we incur based off of the free work we're doing. i have to sell my apartment, which is not something that i'm thrilled about. i worked thousands and thousands of hours to be able to buy it. but my dogs and i are going to find a new home. so it's a little bit infuriating. that's on top of how emotionally fraught this work is. [beeper] being emotionally available, just to myself, is kind of terrifying right now because it's scratching the surface to such vicarious trauma-- what your clients are going through. [indistinct audio] i'm very angry all the time. it feels like you're at war with ice. in my office, we use the word thugs, goons, bullies. these are people that are arresting children, pulling guns on children, threatening them. i mean, it's hard to describe this stuff without screaming. [indistinct chatter] it's hard and it sucks sometimes and it's defeating and it stinks-- all those things. but i always said i'd stop doing this work when i get up and i don't care anymore. and the problem is, i get up every single day and i care more. and for me it's a very personal story. both of my grandfathers somehow made it here against all odds. one survived a genocide in armenia. the other one survived pogroms against the jews in lithuania. i mean, their whole family was killed except that, and somehow they made it here. my paternal grandfather was like baba, he sold stuff on the street because that's how he got by. but he didn't get deported. my maternal grandfather used to cross the canadian border and was undocumented his entire life. i've always been incredibly inspired and motivated by my family. that's where i converged with all these other people. people's stories are fascinating. sarah is a singular human being in terms of her ability to be so emotionally invested and attuned, and at the same time not have that affect her, which i'm really not nearly as good at. sometimes i'm eternally optimistic, which might be annoying. but i don't know, that's who i am. when you're working so closely with one other person, every day is not going to be the most perfect day. sometimes we bicker and sometimes we get on each other's nerves. yeah. and sometimes we complete each other's sentences. i think, he more than me, because i babble and he's more to the point. is that going to need board approval or anything? i don't think so. i don't know. ok. we're an amazing team, but workload wise, it's absolutely not sustainable. i think we had two or three weekends off where we weren't still there at 4:00 in the morning filing cases. you know, i can't do this forever. how do you do this work? when do you sleep? how do you sustain yourself? these are the cases that a lot of people can't do because it requires you to drop your life, sometimes in the middle of the night, and focus all of your attention on making sure that the government doesn't take someone's body and move it to a dangerous place. the government has already routinized deportation. they've routinized tearing apart families. why are 93% of sleep number sleepers very satisfied with their bed? maybe it's because you can gently raise your partner's head to help relieve snoring. so, you can both stay comfortable all night. and now, save 50% on the sleep number 360 limited edition smart bed. ends monday. power e*trade's easy-to-use tools make complex trading less complicated custom scans help you find new trading opportunities while an earnings tool helps you plan your trades and stay on top of the market ♪ ♪ ♪♪ voltaren. the joy of movement. ♪♪ ♪♪ inner voice (kombucha brewer): if i just stare at these payroll forms... my business' payroll taxes will calculate themselves. right? uhh...nope. intuit quickbooks helps you manage your payroll taxes, cheers! with 100% accurate tax calculations guaranteed. i think i changed my mind about these glasses. cheers! yeah, it happens. that's why visionworks gives you 100 days to change your mind. it's simple. anything else i can help you with? like what? visionworks. see the difference. ♪limu emu & doug♪ hey, man. nice pace! clearly, you're a safe driver. you could save hundreds for safe driving with liberty mutual. they customize your car insurance... ...so you only pay for what you need! 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(upbeat music) today we're going duckdto the bergen countyified. jail, which is one of the jails that new york immigration contracts with to hold people who are in immigration detention. it's a very lucrative contract. it allows them to hold a really large number of people and make a lot of money. on any given year, there are up to half a million people that go through immigration detention. a lot of local county jails, sheriff's offices, make their money by using their jail beds and contracting them over to dhs to hold immigration detainees. but also private companies absolutely have profited off immigration detention. about 70% of people held in immigration detention are in private facilities like the geo group and corecivic. there are huge financial incentives for them in this game and there have been billions of taxpayer dollars paid to large corporations to detain immigrants. at the same time, they are making even much more money by taking advantage of the vulnerability that people going through the system are subject to. the private prisons-- their whole business model requires them to use immigrants and their detainees to work for $1 a day. so they're using labor at rates that are ridiculous. wax the floors, do laundry, kitchen, landscaping, for $1 a day. you guys better do what you are told. if not, you would then go to the hole. and we would see them go, come back a week later. and-- [buzzer] next time they ask them to do something, they will do it. they don't want to go to that isolation hole. you work seven days a week, they pay you $7. in america, you don't want to pay somebody $1 a day. you know, it's a lot easier to beat up on immigrants. if you do it enough, they're going to leave. they're not going to be there anymore. and that's kind of what the goal of the whole immigration detention system is, is this coercive tool to get people to accept deportation. i wrote a story about a man who was in immigration detention for six years waiting for his case to go through the courts. and i think the average stay in immigration detention is about a month, but there are many, many people who are in detention for far longer. you see people defeated all the time. detention is a great way the government has set up to really defeat people-- really defeat them. my name is craig apple. i'm the sheriff here in albany county in upstate new york. what you saw going on in the country was a little bit horrifying, where you had children being taken away from their moms and dads, chained in pens. you had people seeking asylum being herded like cattle. we have a correctional facility-- one of the larger in new york state. we have hundreds of open beds. so we started to think, maybe we could take something here. homeland security agreed to send 100. a couple hours later, they asked if we would be ok with 200, and then the next day it went to 300. we were just really shocked at the conditions when they came in. many of them were sickly, many of them starving. it was very sad to think that in 2018, this is how we were treating people that were trying to come into our country. i immediately reached out to professor rogerson. sarah was running the immigration law clinic for albany law, and she took it on to offer legal guidance to some of the immigrants. we had volunteers from all over the capital district that wanted to help. it was a very large scale legal response. we didn't know that the detainees would be from over 30 different countries, and that they would speak more than 17 different languages. and many of them have really dramatic stories of fleeing persecution, of wrongful conviction. they're indefinitely detained. we knew, we can do something unique here, treating people with kindness and showing mercy and restoring some dignity. so every night, they would just keep coming through-- the lawyers. and they were using these consultation rooms mainly because of the video visitation in there. the immigration judge would pop up on the video and then they could go back and forth and discuss cases. so we were trying everything we could do to expedite the legal process. i'll show you where they were housed. we tried to keep it with people that you were coming in with that spoke your language. we added phone lines for them to have free phones, so they can reach out to loved ones and let them know that, hey, i'm ok. in the mornings, they open the gates. everybody gets fed, and you're out almost all day-- walk around, play basketball, volleyball. kind of no frills, but at least they get some fresh air. it's bad enough you're thrown in a jail in a foreign country. but i always tell others that will be like, ah, that's ridiculous, they're illegal. i always say, think about your young daughter. wouldn't you want somebody to reach out and help her? i think anybody with the slightest bit of a heart would help somebody that's in another country that has no idea where they are-- and in the middle of the night, shuffled out of one side of the country and you wake up in the northeast. so you just got to think about it that way for a second. we only have about 60 people left in custody a year later. and just when the jail project was winding down, kinimo's case was bubbling up. we all have a purpose in life - a “why.” no matter your purpose, at pnc private bank we will work with you every step of the way to help you achieve it. so let us focus on the how. just tell us - what's your why? in a world, where dry eye symptoms... keep... coming... back... inflammation in the eye might be to blame. feel the ache and burn! one man learns the truth... over-the-counter eye drops typically work by lubricating your eyes. they may provide temporary relief... but probably won't touch me! mwahaha! tell me there's another way... there's hope for lasting relief with xiidra! xiidra works differently targeting inflammation that can cause dry eye disease. xiidra, nooo! xiidra treats the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease. don't use if allergic to xiidra. common side effects include eye irritation, discomfort or blurred vision when applied, and unusual taste sensation. why wait? 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[sobs] a lot of the publicity surrounding this case had come from a facebook post that sheriff apple had released-- very powerful. this is coming from a law enforcement official, who are typically not our allies. but sheriff apple was like, enough is enough. this is not right. we kind of had this massive team of sarah rogerson, sheriff craig apple, albany law school. then we got buffalo law school involved. this is really their guerilla approach. they're like recruiting anyone that is willing to help. immigrants are welcome here! ice is not! we had our hearing for kinimo ngoran. it went exceptionally well. we were very happy. ultimately he ended up getting released. how about a welcome home for kinimo? [cheering] today i'm here. i'm so blessed. i'm so thankful for everybody that support me. this place changed my life. they give me an opportunity to see how it's very important to serve other people in order to love myself and love other people, and help them the way i can. thank you very much. [applause] to see the humanity of all these people coming together to help someone, we need that so badly. we were really grateful to be a part of it, so thank you. [applause] no matter what side of the aisle you're on, you have to have somebody out there that's willing to go the extra mile to defend those who need to be defended. i really hope that there comes a time when we don't have to do this. it shouldn't take six lawyers and eight law students to keep one shelter cook from being deported. breaking news tonight-- the coronavirus forcing millions more americans into virtual lockdown. over 75 million people in new york, california, illinois, and connecticut ordered to stay at home. the great shutdown of 2020 is underway. there are about 37,000 migrants being held at ice detention facilities, and concerns about the rights and health of migrants are growing as the coronavirus continues to spread across the us and the globe. what we're seeing is people that are terrified, people that are detained together in big groups. the ice detention centers, they're no different than a jail. it's really terrible to begin with, and then when you add in an enormous public health crisis, these places are totally ill-equipped to deal with that situation. during covid, we've sought to accelerate what we typically do, which is partner with community organizations, people that are directly impacted by ice's conduct, and sort of build a litigation team around that. covid was the busiest time we've ever had. we've just been filing and filing and filing and filing. hi, sarah. we don't take as many individual cases. the cases we've been doing now, they're for broader groups of people and they're seeking more systemic change. so the covid litigation that we filed in florida is a class action, so that covers everybody in three different detention centers. we filed one in washington dc that was intended to cover all transgender people in any detention center nationwide. you know, that's like among the most vulnerable and targeted groups of people in detention anywhere. we started this organization in january of 2019. we've evolved, right? and so now we are a nationally recognized organization. we've impacted the way that these cases are litigated around the country. so that's great, because what we really want to do is scale the model. our big losses, i think, have been not getting everybody out during covid. many of our clients have been detained for ridiculously excessive periods of time. bye. bye. we're doing so much more than we can sustainably continue to do, and we're also not even chipping away at what needs to be done. for me, that's really crippling. the last two years has been incredibly intense and exhausting. it was getting to the point when i felt unhealthy doing it. when you're in a whirlwind, you don't really realize what you're being deprived of. you're just tired and going. but i felt like i had to make a decision. you know, so today is my last day as the legal director at rdn. i don't view it as being sustainable so i'm leaving for now. the decision was heart wrenching. [birds flapping] and i had met somebody in june. it got very serious very quickly, and we're going to get married. it's everything that everyone dreamed of-- zoom wedding, virtual. and i mean, there's some of my clients attending, which is exciting. i'm ready for something more sustainable, more peaceful. [applause] (vo) with verizon, you can now get a private 5g network. so you can do more than connect your business, you can make it even smarter. now ports can know where every piece of cargo is. and where it's going. (dock worker) right on time. (vo) robots can predict breakdowns and order their own replacement parts. (foreman) nice work. 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[applause] and when someone has reason to fear persecution, they have a right to seek asylum in this country. silver lining of the trump administration is that he really exposed just how terrible the system is. what the fuck are you doing? [angry shouting] we should take the outrage that we felt in the trump years-- from the muslim ban, to kids being ripped from their families on the border-- and take that and use it to help us understand how this system functions-- or doesn't function-- and demand something different. [crowd cheering] quit your jobs, ice officers! then i get a text from baba-- thanks for a year with my family. the thing i'm going to miss most is the humanity of the job, keeping families together, helping people avoid the worst situations that they find themselves in. i'm really inspired by the people that i've represented. the heroes are the clients, just fighting it out. everything's different since i come back from immigration. everything was totally-- everything was good. before, i was a porter, but since i came back, i became the doorman. i'm very happy about that too. maybe two weeks ago, sarah called me. it was a big surprise. she told me, oh baba, now they say they give you another one year to go back to report. maybe one day we don't have to go to report anymore. maybe one day i'm going to have my citizenship. we're getting closer. [kids giggling] i'm happy about that. baba said, what do you think's going to happen? i'm like, i don't know. just keep trying. i said, you're home, you're safe, you're working, you're with your kids. it's different the way you see us now. we look different because now we are happy. i'm feeling so good. i'm feeling so good. i'm never going to be separated with my family. [hopeful music] >> tonight on the meh show, racing black history from our classrooms. rhonda sanchez