and those conversations are important to start when kids are really little. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> it's hard not to feel pride as a citizen of this country when we're in a place like this. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the rockefeller foundation. promoting the well-being of humanity around the world by building resilience and inclusive economies. more at rockefellerfoundation.org >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: russia's election- season meddling dominated the conversation on both ends of pennsylvania avenue today. on capitol hill, the senate intelligence committee held its first public hearing on the issue. meanwhile, the white house says it's invited the heads of both congressional intelligence panels to view new material from the national security council. that came after "the new york times" reported two white house officials helped house intelligence chair devin nunes view surveillance reports. that committee's top democrat, adam schiff of california, says the situation raises "profound concerns." >> we look at these kind of issues all the time. this is not new for our committee which is why it so unusual, irregular that it would be presented to us in this way. this is within our ordinary wheelhouse. there is a proper way to put it before the committee and that certainly wasn't followed here. the white house ought to explain why that wasn't followed here. >> woodruff: we'll hear more from the senate intelligence committee hearing later in the program. in the day's other news, president trump took public aim at some conservative republicans who helped sink the g.o.p.'s obamacare replacement. he tweeted that the so-called "freedom caucus will hurt the entire republican agenda if they don't get on the team. we must fight them." later, one of that caucus' members-- michigan congressman justin amash-- said: "most people don't take well to being bullied." for his part, house speaker paul ryan said he empathizes with the president. >> i understand the president's frustration, i share frustration. about 90% of our conference is for this bill to repeal and replace obamacare and about 10% are not. and that's not enough to pass a bill. we're close. what i'm encouraging our members to do is to keep talking with each other until we get the consensus to pass this bill. he called on mark meadows of north carolina, ohio jim jordan and from idaho to quote 2k3we9 on board. meanwhile, kansas governor sam brownback today vetoed a bill that would've expanded medicaid in his state. he said it would burden kansas with what he called "unrestrainable entitlement costs." a federal judge in hawaii has extended his order blocking president trump's revised travel ban. the department of justice says it's considering its next steps. the administration today also faced the departure of a top aide. deputy chief of staff katie walsh said she's joining an outside group that supports the president. think cut fnd toses planned parenthood and other abortion providers. vice president pence was called on to cast the tie breaking vote in the senate after two republican women senators broke with their party and voted no. names susan colins and alaska's lisa mur cowsky. the u.s. and turkey struggled today over the role of kurdish forces in fighting the islamic state group. turkey wants the u.s. to partner with its military, but the pentagon has backed syrian kurdish troops. secretary of state rex tillerson was in ankara today, and said the countries see eye-to-eye on fighting isis, also known as daesh. >> there is no space between turkey and the united states and our commitment to defeat daesh. these are not easy decisions, they are difficult choices that have to be made so this has been very good, the conversations today, let me be very frank, very candid. >> woodruff: tillerson is set to attend a meeting of nato foreign ministers in brussels tomorrow. president trump has given the military more authority to go after al-qaida linked militants in somalia. the move means the pentagon can conduct more aggressive air- strikes. it also allows u.s. special forces to accompany the somalian army. israel's security cabinet has approved the country's first new housing settlements in palestinian territory in two decades. the white house has expressed concerns about settlement activity. but after today's announcement, the white house said israel has made it clear it'll adopt a policy that takes president trump's concerns "into consideration." in south korea, ousted president park geun-hye has been arrested on corruption charges. she faces allegations of colluding with a friend to extort money from businesses. park was questioned for nearly nine hours before a court in seoul granted her arrest warrant. they cited concerns she may try to destroy evidence. stocks moved higher on wall street today, led by gains in the banking sector. the dow jones industrial average gained 69 points to close at 20,728. the nasdaq posted a record close, rising more than 16 points, and the s&p 500 added nearly seven. still to come on the newshour: the senate sets its sites on russian election meddling. north carolina repeals a controversial law on transgender bathroom use. veteran lawmakers analyze how president trump's is shaping the u.s. role in the world, and much more. >> woodruff: we return to the u.s. senate, where the focus today centered on russia, from the very real threats of fake news to rules for engagement in a cyber war. >> aren't we in the midst of a blitzkrieg for a lack of a better term of informational warfare conducted by russian trolls under the command of vladimir putin? >> woodruff: it was a rare public hearing into russia's meddling in last year's presidential election. both senate intelligence committee leaders-- republican richard burr and democrat mark warner-- made clear that they wanted to avoid the partisanship that's plagued their house counterparts' investigation. >> we must engage in a whole-of- government approach to combat russian active measures. >> we simply must, and we will, get this right. >> woodruff: the experts testifying before the panel warned anyone is now vulnerable to russian interference. clint watts is a former f.b.i. agent now with the foreign policy research institute. >> its used right now against people of both sides we will watch them go after a republican person tomorrow and then they'll switch. >> woodruff: watts spotlighted how experts say the kremlin pushes fake news and disinformation to influence american opinions. >> what they do is they launch those simultaneously as they begin the engagement or push of false news stories usually from rt and sputnik news. they do that in unison which games the social media system such that such a high volume of content being pushed at the same time raises that into the trends that you'll see if you looked at facebook or twitter whatever it might be. wnl its with because of what president trump saises says on twitter. >> it is much mosh engaging this time in our election, why now. >> he claimed that the election could be rigged. that was the number one theme pushed by rt sputnik news all the way to the election. part of the reason active measure works and it does today in terms of trump tower being wiretapped is because they pair with the same wine. unless we get a firm base is of fact and fiction in our own country, get some agreement about the facts whether it be do i support the intel gengs community or a story i read on my twitter feed, we're going to have a big problem. >> former national security agency director keith alexander said these intrusions are not just to influence america's political system, but to further russian interests abroad. >> this is widespread in a campaign that they are looking at that will drive wedges between our own political parties and between our country and nato, and within nato and within the european union. >> he said because the u.s. response has been so slow, russians have no reason to limit their intrusions. >> we have no organized response as a >> we have no organized response to a country or policy towards russia right now. so i think until we set the boundaries about how we are going to push and pull with them, they are going to move as far as they can pushing. >> woodruff: and watts offered his own recommendations on how the u.s. can solve that problem. >> we need a state department and a d.h.s. website that immediately refute when falsehoods are put out. mainstream media companies-- we need to be working with them. what if they boycotted wikileaks collectively? what if they all didn't race to publish too quickly? if those damaging, stolen information that is misconstrued often times doesn't get into the mainstream media, if all of them block it out, russia's influence dies on the vine. >> woodruff: the senate intelligence committee is expected to hold more sessions on russia's influence in the coming weeks. we're joined now by democratic senator from oregon and member of the select committee on intelligence, ron wyden. senatorwiden, welcome back-- wyden welcome back to the program. a quick question what is going on on the house side, that is a disclosure today that it was white house aidees who provided the house intelligence committee chairman or help provide him with surveillance reports on the trump campaign, trump transition. how do you see this affecting the ability of this investigation to go forward? >> judy, i would just say the new news in the house of representatives is really bizarre. and it seems to me the chairman over there, mr. nunes really doesn't have an occupation of credibility left. from all that we have been able to gather, he has sort of conveyed this impression that this information he got was from something like a whistle-blower, a real independent intelligence source. now it really looks like just plain old white house spin. >> woodruff: and we also learned today that it was individuals close to the president, steve bannon, the president's son in law jared kushner who were backing up these efforts, apparently, by the national security council. >> i have heard those press reports. i can't-- can't confirm them. and the fact is, judy, in the senate we had a really pretty significant hearing. you talked about some of the cyberquestions. i have been concerned that the key to a successful investigation in both the house and the senate is to follow the money. today what we heard is that made sense but you also ought to follow the trail of dead bodies. for example, there was a very mysterious death that the press was reporting on a a kgb that report on the famous dossier. a lot of issues to dig into. >> woodruff: do you believe after this hearing today on the senate side that you are closer to understanding the magnitude of russia's interference in the election? >> i think we have to accelerate the pace. i've conveyed that to both the chairman and the vice chairman 6789 look, there is a way to be both prosessional and convey a sense of urgency. the two are not mutually exclusive. but the way the story is coming out, it's coming out through leaks, it's coming out through press reports. it's coming out with false tweets by the president of the united states. the american people are worried. i think we need to get the facts out and i think a lot mr needs to be done in an open hearing. >> woodruff: you referred senator to your own push, you wrote a letter to the chairman and ranking member of the senate intelligence committee urging him to look into, as you said, the financial relationship between president trump and any russian officials. are there following up on that advice and could that lead to obtaining or trying to obtain the president's tax return? >> not yet, judy. but i only sent them the letter yesterday. look, the tax returns are a key part of this. and i'm the author of the legislation presidential tax transparency act with 20 united states senators to require those returns he made public. because the returns are really the lowest ethical bar for a president. but there is a lot more to this. we need to make sure both in the united states and in russia that we follow this whole web of financial transactions that can involve the president, it can involve his associates, it can involve his family. but we've got to get to the bottom of this. >> woodruff: is the ultimate goal here to determine whether there was collusion between the trump campaign and russian officials? >> that's right at the heart of the agenda. and we could have learned about that, at least some information, quite a bit earlier when james comey came to the intelligence committee for another open hearing in january. i asked him whether he was following up on connections between the president and the russians. and he said he wouldn't answer. we just learned about that recently. so the american people deserve more information. they deserve it in my more timely way and that can be done without compromising our security interests. >> woodruff: and finally snoor, are you confident that every effort is being made both by congressional committees and by the investigations under way at the fbi and other government agencies? >> i can tell you that it has been very hard to excavate the information we need from the government agencies. i think both senator warner and chairman burr would agree on it. one of the things that is going to help is going to be to have more people, more staff people on that case more about that down the road. >> woodruff: senator ron wyden, we thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: today, compromise came to north carolina, on the heels of a long-running political controversy. the state suffered a business and economic backlash from a law that many saw as discriminatory. north carolina had lost out on music concerts, conventions and sporting events, and was facing a deadline of sorts from the n.c.a.a. hari sreenivasan reports. >> house bill 142 is adopted. >> sreenivasan: with that, north carolina's state legislature overwhelmingly voted to replace its so-called "bathroom bill." the new bill was brokered by the state's democratic governor roy cooper and republican lawmakers. today we repeal house bill two and we begin to end dises krim nation in northed carolina. >> ahead of the vote members be both sides >> sreenivasan: ahead of the vote, members on both sides said they were ready to move on. >> the time has come for us to get out from under the national spotlight for negative things. >> sreenivasan: still, critics both inside and outside the chamber and said the measure is no compromise at all. the new bill repeals last year's law, which among other things required transgender people use public bathrooms according to their gender at birth. but, it leaves the republican- dominated state legislature in charge of setting future policy on bathroom use. and it continues to bar local municipalities from passing their own non-discrimination laws on the issue until 2020. said i wish it were sooner than 2020. i really do. but while these additional protections may be temporarily delayed, they will not be forever denied. >> but several democrats and >> sreenivasan: several democrats and l.g.b.t. advocates said those provisions mean the new legislation is simply a repeal in name only. >> it kicks hb-2 down the road to 2020, keeping most of the awful law on the books for someone else to deal with. this is not about returning us to the status quo. this isn't about repealing hb-2. it does neither of those things. >> sreenivasan: instead, they argue it's designed to appease organizations who boycotted north carolina, and not members of the l.g.b.t. community. today's vote comes after the n.c.a.a. threatened to pull future college sports tournaments from the state through the year 2022 if it did not change the law. the n.c.a.a. already had moved championship games to other states that were to be played in north carolina this year. indeed members from both parties, including the house's democratic leader, said the economic implications can't be ignored. still others on the republican side decried the new bill, and said the n.c.a.a. was wielding its influence inappropriately. >> sreenivasan: it remains to be seen whether the new bill will prompt businesses and organizations to end their boycott. >> sreenivasan: we get two takes now on today's deal: first, darren jackson is the house minority leader for the democrats in north carolina. he spoke in favor of it. lgbt i talked with him a short time ago and asked why it is was important to ask today even the bill wasn't perfect. >> the number one reason is to get rid of house bill two. and the stain it put on north carolina as a state, the economic harm it has done to the state. we just needed to move past that part of it. and start making some steps forward. and it was important to do that now, before more harm comes to state. >> sreenivasan: you also noted that the ncaa, the acc, the nba other sporting events might come back, the ripple event and other service workers that work at these facilities. a lot of critics even in the legislature say that you all are bending too much to the will of the ncaa. i even heard one say perhaps you should replace the flags outside with the ncaa flag and. >> i'm not repealing it because of pressure. we have used the pressure that-- brought to bear by other organizations and businesses to help us in our calls to repeal house vote two. i feel the pressure as being helpful in the situation. >> sreenivasan: is it a coincidence it is happening on the day the nyaa, after we record this interview, an hour or so after are going to have i apres conference and deciding whether the ncaa comes back to north carolina over the next couple of days. >> no, i don't think it's a coincidence at all. the fact that they are making these decisions is what has driven the republicans finally to the negotiating table so that we can at least discuss this. and try to work out a compromise. >> sreenivasan: lgbt groups, even some of your own members on the floor today said this does not go far enough, it does not offer statewide protection for the lgbt community. and in fact it even goes the other way that it freezes local injures dictions from setting up their greater protections until 2020. so isn't justice deferred justice denied? >> no, i mean those were ordinances were already frozen frozen by house bill two permanently. this provides a way forward starting in 2020. but also gives some relief immediately to municipalities who want to do these types it of protections in their contracting with a private businesses that want to do business in their cities. so this will allow the cities to make a big step forward now but even bigger step forward come 2020. and of course you know, that puts a lot of pressure on the democrats in the general assembly to pick up seat ntion the 2018 election and maybe move this process forward. because what north carolina really needs is state wide protection. >> sreenivasan: the governor also said this is not the last step t is the first step. so what is next. what else can you do to try to ensure that this community is protected? >> well, like i was talking about elections, you need it win more seats. we are in a super minority. so i can file any bill i want to file but it's not going to get heard. we need to take back a clam ber of the general assembly and then we can introduce bills to push statewide protections. the conversation has been started. there is no putting that genie back in the bottle. businesses may return to north carolina but thr's going to keep the pressure up on north carolina to continue to make steps forward and allow people to be free from the discrimination in employment and public accommodations. we support that and will be fighting with them right along. we just thought it was important to take a compromise when we could get it now to get rid of house bill two so we could take that step forward. even if it is a small step forward and not as big a step as many people would have liked to take. we have gotten rid of house bill two and that is the most important thing. >> sreenivasan: darren jackson, democratic civil minority leader in north carolina, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: multiple civil right groups especially in the lgbtq community blasted this compromise. catheryn oakley is the senior legislative council with the human rights campaign. i spoke with her and asked what she found wrong with the deal. >> unfortunately the legislation that passed today was the result of a back room deal that was done without the consultation of the lgbt community or other civil rights communities. and that was put together by the governor and republican leadership. and they call it a compromise, they call it a repeal. but unfortunately what it is, its he's simply doubling down on the kind of discrimination that brought hp to north carolina in the first place. >> is it better that what is on the books. >> well, hb2 is the mo egregious lgbt law passed into law in any state in the country. it is an incredibly egregious law that was very harmful. unfortunately what really we needed to have happen today, with all of the pressure that came from today's impending ncaa deadline, where the ncaa is going to announce where they are going to be awarding games through 2022, what needed to be done with that pressure was a full repeal of hb2. that is what the lgbtq community needs and has been demanding for more than a year now. and instead what we've got was something that continues to discrimination-- discriminate against people and continues to box lgbt people out of meaningful nondiscrimination protections, there are will be no discrimination practices for atly two years an even then what will be allowed will be very limited and devoid of meaning for particularly transgender people. so it is very problematic that instead of working with all of the pressure that was generated, working with the lgbt community, that instead the governor and leadership chose to go down this path that continues to perpetuate discrimination. >> sreenivasan: the governor said today, he sort of laid out the political reality of the landscape. and said that this is a legislature that is a supermajority, not in his party. and as i heard, as you probably did in several floor speeches there are lots of members of the legislature who hear from constituents an overwhelming majority who don't even want hb2 repealed. what do do you in that context? was this the possible versus the goal or ideal? >> you are absolutely right that there is a republican supermajority. that is how hb2 came about in the first place. the republicans decided this was a thing they were doing and they did it. but the truth is, in terms of plitd kal reality-- political real, as you say there are folks in the republican caucus without did not want to repeal hb2, so despite the fact that they had a supermajority, these folks were advocating for hb2 to stay on the books because they thought it was a good law. what that meant was in order to pass anything, they needed to get democratic support. and what we really needed to have happen was for the governor who is someone who the lgbt community worked very hard to get elected, someone who many people put their hope in as being someone who would help repeal hb2 and help protect the lgbt community, that instead of standing up for full appeal and saying that the only thing that democrats will stand for is a full repeal is the end of this incredibly discriminatory and unprecedented law. instead of saying that is the only thing democrat was support, he continued to negotiation and unfortunately what we wound up with was something that as i say unfortunately continues to perpetuate the discrimination that hb2 brought to north carolina in the first place. >> sreenivasan: catheryn oakley of human rights campaign, thank you very much. >> my pleasure >> woodruff: now, part two in our series "war on the brain," tonight special correspondent soledad obrien reports from north carolina on the difficulty in diagnosing p-t-s-d and how that complicates treatment. >> sometimes it's fear. sometimes i'm scared of-, of-, of everything. sometimes it's, i feel sad. sometimes i feel, overwhelmed. the biggest trigger i have is myself. i don't like the way i smell. i frequently bathe, at least four or five times a day. >> reporter: after years of denial, michael rodriguez has finally found ways to deal with the symptoms of his post traumatic stress disorder. he's a retired special forces green beret. he forges steel to help him manage the often gruesome memories that flood his thoughts. >> it's so physical, it requires a lot of force and heat and intensity. facing and processing a lot of the stuff that i remember. the pain goes away. i'm forging myself. >> reporter: why does that make you emotional? >> because, i get passionate about it. because it means a lot to me. >> reporter: for four years, michael misled doctors about his p.t.s.d. fearing he would lose his job. he minimized his symptoms on this p.t.s.d. checklist used to diagnose all veterans. like question one are you bothered by "disturbing" memories? question four "how much were you bothered by feeling very upset when something reminded you of the" stressful experience." there was no concrete test that would have forced him to get treatment. >> so if there was-, if there was an actual test, like a hard copy test. >> reporter: so like something tangible. >> yeah, because when you have that, you will remove the human, um, element out of the diagnoses. >> reporter: undiagnosed, but damaged in 21 years of service in the army, michael was deployed nine times. from operation restore hope in somalia to operation enduring freedom in afghanistan. during that lifetime of service, he was rattled by frequent small explosions, and michael guesses at least a dozen very severe blasts. >> right, they were significant enough to where i had my bell rung. i could feel it through my whole body, numb, some memory issues, dizziness definitely, vomiting, you know. >> reporter: in 2006, driving in a convoy on patrol in afghanistan, the vehicle in front of him was hit by an i.e.d. >> it threw the a.t.v. i was on, four-wheeler, kind of pushed through it, and threw me. i couldn't see out of my left eye. i had the worst headache i'd ever had in my life. >> reporter: the blast gave michael permanent double vision. today he wears a tinted prosthetic lens in his left eye to correct it. he also suffered massive daily headaches, slurred speech and balance problems. he was left with emotional scars as well. >> the wheels were just coming off my wagon and i was falling apart. anger issues, i was drinking a lot. i was trying to hide it. i was very moody. >> reporter: he knew he had suffered multiple brain injuries, but believed he'd get better. eventually, michael's commanders forced him to get help. >> and they were like 'and you have severe post-traumatic stress'. and i, i got upset. >> reporter: so why did p.t.s. upset you? >> uh, at that time, i didn't think i had it, you know. i bought into the stigma. if there was a tangible test, i think it would make is easier on the patient, because it will validate it. you know, like if someone has leukemia, no one ever says, "you don't have leukemia." >> reporter: right. >> so if there was some type of biomarker or something like that, then i think it would definitely help. >> we're really living in the dark ages of post traumatic stress diagnosis. >> reporter: dr. sam mclean is a doctor of emergency medicine at the university of north carolina at chapel hill. he is one of a group of researchers around the country trying to nail down a more specific diagnosis of p.t.s.d. >> we hope to advance the diagnosis of post traumatic stress by assessing what's going on in the brain, not simply a getting at the actual biology that's underlying those symptoms. >> reporter: researchers at chapel hill are decoding blood samples taken from recent trauma victims at civilian emergency rooms. they're sequencing genetic material-- r.n.a., d.n.a. and other types of molecules to identify biological markers for p.t.s.d. >> the blood is such a valuable tool to use to better understand what's going on with post- traumatic stress because after traumatic event the brain communicates with the body by, via the blood. researchers at the velt ran health facility outside much boston are using mri's to look at brain structure and volume as well as connectivity to see how different areas of the brain talk to each other. >> the goal that we need to get to is get to the point where there is a certain accurate accurate molecular diagnosis that we can make. i'm hopeful that that is going to happen within our lifetime. >> reporter: kelly rodriguez is michael's wife. she's a platoon sergeant with the 18th airborne corps at fort bragg in north carolina. and she too suffers from p.t.s.d. she practically had to beg doctors to get an accurate diagnosis. how many deployments have you done in your 20 plus years? >> five. >> reporter: what was your most traumatizing posting? >> my last deployment. >> reporter: in afghanistan. >> in afghanistan, 2009 to 2010. >> reporter: kelly served as a medic, treating casualties from one of the bloodiest attacks on u.s. troops in afghanistan, the kelly and her team saw hundreds of trauma patients go through the operating room that year. >> it's not just engaging in combat. it's seeing it. and when you have soldiers come in and they're literally holding their jaw because they just got hit in the face with a rocket, >> reporter: one patient hit her the hardest, a female soldier who volunteered for a convoy so she could see her husband before he shipped out. and, um, the convoy was hit. and >> reporter: by an i.e.d.? >> an i.e.d. and, uh, she was alive when she got to us and she died. and her husband was there. and i think the reason it was really hard is because if michael was down range, i would have done the same thing. that could've been me. >> reporter: after returning home, kelly suspected she too might have p.t.s.d. but trying to get an accurate diagnosis was a ordeal for her too. >> it came down to screaming. find out if it is p.t.s., great. if it's not, great. i don't - one way or the other, i need something besides 'you have anxiety and you're depressed.' >> reporter: it took more than two years before kelly was finally diagnosed >> you can't treat it if you don't put your hands on, put a name on it. and that's why for me it was frustrating trying to get any diagnosis. >> reporter: a shortfall they hope science will someday resolve. will someone who is entering the military ten years from now have a completely different experience, do you think than you both had? >> i hope there is. that would be fantastic. >> because, at the end of the day, everybody, you know, if there is something going on with them, they want to know what it is. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm soledad o'brien in fayetteville, north carolina. >> woodruff: our series war on the brain concludes friday with a look at the efforts to find the true cause of p.t.s.d. >> woodruff: president trump promised often during the campaign to improve america's standing across the globe. now more than two months in office, mr. trump has shaken-up the world stage, from dustups with long-time allies to continued questions about russia. we examine the administration's foreign policy now with two veteran lawmakers who helped shape u.s. national security: former republican senator richard lugar, and former democratic congressman lee hamilton, both from indiana. they are now both distinguished scholars at indiana university. welcome to the newshour to both of you. "the new york times" reported today, and i will start with you senator lugar, that the united states is expanding, expanding and deepening its military involve am in the middle east under president trump in iraq, in syria, in yemen, at the same time he's calling for cutbacks in spending on diplomacy. what do you think of this approach? >> i agree the approach is very fearful. we really need to have all of our alliances as strong as possible. as a matter of fact, we need to have a military strategy for the middle east as opposed to a few troops that are going here and there at various times. i'm really concerned about the president's lack of enthusiasm for nato, for example. i'm wore he-- worried about even the alliance problems in our own hemisphere with the nafta quite apart from those ties with the far east. in other words we need to reach out offering leadership in the world and we need to be finding new allies, new people to help us. the middle east will not be solved by a few americans who are sent over there, even if we augment that by a few more. >> woodruff: representative hamilton, your take on the first two months of this presidency on foreign policy? >> i agree very much with what dik said. you need to have i a strong military and be prepared to use it on occasion as a last resort. but you certainly have to have strong diplomacy. almost all of these problems that we're dealing with, i think all of them, ultimately have a political solution. you do not get that kind of a solution through military action. you get it through diplomacy, negotiations, consultations, endless meetings and conversations of all kinds with your friends and your enemies. we need a strong diplomatic effort in order to advance our interests in the world. >> woodruff: well, between the two of you you served i ink a total of 70 years, between the u.s. senate and the u.s. house. senator lugar, what is it exactly that you would like to see the president do when it comes to diplomacy that he isn't doing right now. >> well, first of all, he needs to indicate that we are not going to cut the budget of the state department, that we're not going to cut foreign aid or potential assistance even to starving people around the world. in other words, we need a burst of enthusiasm for the american humanitarianism, american reach out to other countries and other people. we have those resources here. they're tremendously important. and we are the leader. it won't do really just to augment the defense budget while you're cutting back foreign aid and cutting back on treatees. we've already seen the dislution of the civic path, that's a treaty for foreign trade. we've already seen the diminishing interest, parm, of foreign trade generally by the president, a diminishing of american accepting other people coming too our country. we really need to sort of reverse these courses and get back into american leadership. >> woodruff: we should note that is coming from a republican representative. hamilton, what is the formula that you see what would you like to see this president do, say, that we haven't heard or seen so far. >> look, i think american leadership in the world is absolutely knells. i come from the school of thought and i think dik does too that american leadership though not perfect, we make mistakes is crucial to progress in the world, economic growth, peace and stability. extension of freedom and liberty to all people. you have to step forward and take on that burden of leadership and that's what the president has to do. if you look back over the past hundred days or so, the trump administration, all of the news has been internal or external problems of the trump administration. he's having a very hard time getting started. and exerting his authority as a president because of these internal and some external problems. the world needs our leadership in all kinds of ways. and we have to step up to that responsibility. and if we do not do it, then others will fill the vacuum. we have a marvelous record of global leadership over decades since world war ii. we've got-- we see signs now that that leadership may be wanting in some respect-- waning in some respects and we have to step up our gain, insert our leadership and president trump has to take the lead on that so that the united states can fulfill the expectations of the world for our leadership, for good around the world. >> woodruff: two distinguished american lawmakers, representative lee hamilton, senator richard lugar, it's very good to see both of you again. we thank you. >> thank you. >> thanks so much. >> woodruff: now, teaching the youngest of kids about the basics of money. our economics correspondent paul solman looks at how parents can help their children learn more about personal finance. it's part of his series "making sense" which airs every thursday. >> maybe there's some candy in there. >> reporter: in arlington, virginia, an unusual venue for little kids. >> who knows where we are now? >> reporter: america, virginia, washington d.c. at the bank. >> reporter: what does the bank do? >> a bank gives you money and stuff. >> do they just hand it out? >> reporter: where does the bank get money? >> i think it gets it from a sock. >> from a sock? >> reporter: personal finance guru beth kobliner thinks kids should be learning about money early, but they're not. >> i think parents are much more likely to talk about sex or drugs or alcohol with their children than they are about money. >> reporter: kobliner hopes to break the taboo with a new boo"" make your kid a money genius," that continues work she's been doing for years. >> miss beth! miss beth! look what elmo has! >> reporter: kobliner has been teaching key concepts in economics. she insists kids can learn them young. >> by age three children can understand basic money concepts like exchange or we have to make choices or things have a value and those conversations are important to start when kids are really little. by age seven a lot of those behaviors to do with money, whether it's self-control or delayed gratification-- they start getting set. so those ages three to seven, it's really kind of a nice sweet spot in which parents should be talking to their kids about money. >> reporter: we gathered our own group of kids to try it out. how do people get money to give to the bank? >> my mommy and daddy work to get money for us and they buy milk for me. >> reporter: and you're how old here? another key concept all kids should know, says kobliner: what it means to work for a living, like at the newshour. >> you bring your kid to your office and they see where you work. this woman i know, she said her dad would leave every morning when she was little with a newspaper under his arm and she thought: oh, my dad's job is reading the newspaper every day. then years later she found out: oh, he's a teacher. i think years later parents say: you know how hard i worked to make money for you? and kids are like: oh. i guess so >> reporter: kobliner also advises teaching kids to internalize the non-material payoffs from work by having them do some. >> having a child do chores at a really young age, we're talking about household chores: putting your dishes in the sink, putting it in the dishwasher, putting your clothes in the hamper, that type of thing at an early ages- three, four, five years old- was one predictor of success in life. >> reporter: like getting a degree or starting a career. kobliner also touts a trendy gimmick for teaching kids the uses of money. >> there are three different jars here. one is for... >> savings. >> this one is for? >> spending. >> this one is for? >> sharing. >> reporter: the key concept here: opportunity cost. if you spend, you don't have the opportunity to save or share. >> which do you want to do? do you want to save it? >> share it. >> what would you do? >> oh my gosh. i know which one. >> which one, tell me. >> i'm under the table. >> spend! >> reporter: those of you who ducked out of econ lectures in school might sympathize with vera's time-out moment. but the professor, unfazed, pushed on. >> so why do you want to spend it? what would you spend it on? >> minecraft toys. >> reporter: whitleigh wilks decided to put a dollar in each of the jars. >> that's very interesting. why did you do that? >> because i want to do all. >> i think i want to put all three in here. >> in savings? >> reporter: what are you saving for? >> college. college and high school. >> reporter: teaching kids to save, says kobliner: is just taching them to wait. as in the famous marshmallow experiment. >> marshmallow for you. you can either wait and i'll give you another one if you wait. or you can eat it now. >> reporter: we ran our own mental version... suppose i had a marshmallow in front of you now and i said, if you don't eat it for 15 minutes. >> i'd eat it. >> you'd eat it right away? even though i say i'd give you two later? >> mm-hmm. >> i would wait like 20 hundred >> reporter: could you wait? >> yep. i would play with my legos. away, but if there was a fire i would just cook it. >> reporter: no marshmallow toasting in the actual experiment. kids were left alone in a room with the mouthwatering morsel right in front of them. in follow-up studies, those who waited longer actually fared better in life. >> they had 200 points on average higher on their s.a.t.'s. they had better interpersonal relationships and even had lower body mass indexes. it feels at first like: oh, it's because these kids have this strong moral fiber. >> reporter: and higher i.q. or something. >> and they're able to resist it. but we also know now, it's more the ability to distract themselves. that's an important trait to have. people who are able to have impulse control or delayed gratification are able to save more money. >> reporter: but how to encourage kids to delay gratification? start, says kobliner, by not giving in to every demand. >> you know, we're going to go into the store right now and we're only getting things we need. research is showing when you say yes all the time, all the time, all the time, you are basically making it harder for your kid to experience impulse control. just like another study found kids were more likely to be in debt problems because they always got what they wanted when they wanted it. >> reporter: last stop: a bakery near newshour offices in arlington, virginia. we gave each kid three dollars. >> what are you going to do? >> share it. >> who do you want to share it with? >> um... >> reporter: with me? oh! that is so sweet, vera. turns out, however, that the allure of an almost- three dollar cupcake was irresistible. ultimately, everyone succumbed, providing kobliner with a segue to another of her concepts. >> is it better to buy things with a credit card or with dollar money, paper money? >> dollar money. >> i would do credit card. >> reporter: you think credit card is better? >> i think it's better to use a credit card so you can save money. >> reporter: you won't be surprised to hear that kobliner recommends cash, so kids are aware they're actually spending when they buy something. >> they don't see cash any more. they see cards being swiped and phones now being swiped with venmo and apple pay and all these ways of paying for things. an m.i.t. study found that when people use a card, they spend up to twice as much then when they use cash >> reporter: as for paying off credit cards to avoid interest... okay, hold that till middle school. of course kobliner acknowledges that teaching econ to tots isn't always easy. why do you now think it's better to buy with cash than a credit card? >> um, because... um, because like... i don't know! >> reporter: but why not start trying sooner than later? sometimes the results can be simply delicious. mmm. thank you so much. this is economics correspondent paul solman... >> reporting from best buns bakery. >> woodruff: now to another in our brief but spectacular series, where we ask people about their passions. well before the recent worldwide women's "general strike," award- winning actress kathleen turner has been advocating for women's equality. her new book is "send yourself roses." >> my favorite line in the history of film is something that you said in body heat. >> oh. i know the one. you're not too smart are you? i like that in a man. when i came to new york i wanted to be a broadway star. i always sort of thought film happened to me. i thought, okay, better learn this quick. "body heat" was my first film. i was 25 when they cast me, i think it's probably everybody's favorite moment when he smashes the window in. come on, that's hot. i certainly like to push the envelope if not tear it. most of my films are new territory, both the sexuality of look at crimes of passion, that was certainly unheard of, the comedy in the man with two brains. in 1990 i decided then to go back to broadway to do "cat on a hot tin roof," and yeah i got calls from michael douglas, jack nicholson, to say don't do it, don't do it, you'll have this big target on your back. you know they think of you as a movie star and they'll be out to get you on the stage. my answer was, "no, you don't understand, i'm better on stage." when i get very nervous or something, my response is to get cocky. when doing theater, i leave for moment on, you are in a performance mode. right up through 11:00 at night. everything you do is about that curtain going up at eight and it is addictively alive. i have said that i am no good at playing victims. i don't believe i've ever thought of it as the enforcer role. decisive perhaps, assertive, what would be called decisive certainly in a male role, i've probably call difficult in a woman which is really you know stupid. 40% of the american families the woman is the major breadwinner. take that. years ago i in all my speeches i would propose a woman's stop day. don't go to the office. don't show up on the set. just sit down. and i would end saying certainly we would show everyone of our value to the country, but maybe more important we would show ourselves. my name is kathleen turner and this is my brief but spectacular take on my body of work to date. i'm not done yet. >> woodruff: you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> our tradition has been to take care of mother earth, because it's that that gives us water, gives us life. the land is here for everyone. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org boom! hello, i'm julia child. welcome to my house. what fun we're going to have baking all kinds of incredible cakes, pies and breads right here in my own kitchen. nancy silverton, owner of la brea bakery in los angeles transforms this buttery brioche dough into the stickiest of pecan sticky buns and her justly famous brioche pockets.