indeed his wish has become a reality when he suddenly 5 years of size starts june 19th on d. w. ah. ah. a dubious medical novelty, or a beacon of hope. messenger r n a technology has saved millions of lives. the vaccines from by on tech, a maternal were the 1st m r in a product ever to be approved. so i've been working on our, in a since i was a pastoral fellow mit in the 1980s. an if you had asked me then whether are in a could ever be a medicine, i would have told you you are crazy. although it had been researched for over 30 years or renee was long considered impractical, then came the decisive break through it was like a dream come through. and no i could move on and do a thorough fuel economy. and i knew that it would be very, very important. i knew that it would be used for many, many things. but nobody believed, ah, the world of medicine now had a totally new tool box at its disposal in the form of messenger r n a. as a supervisor, so exciting we can see the good it does. oh pol patients can truly benefit from it and what at home. but every disease requires a specific laura buick approach, m r n a technology is complex and there are no guarantees of success. the 1st m r in a vaccine produced by tubing in based cure of act fail because we are well aware of l imitation is greater effort and more investment unaided. that's how it is with innovations. it never stands still steam. despite this, there is hope that m r n a technology might one day be not only used against viruses, but also to combat cancer or heart disease. when pressed the front of, i'm convinced the m r n e can be used to treat a wide range of diseases and i cannot be treated today. however, i also knew even m r n e has its limits under constant o. amidst the corona virus crisis, the platform proved to be a game changer. the m r n. a vaccine developed by, by on tech. and pfizer was the 1st cove at 19 vaccine approved by the european union union shorts. that service is a viral, a just at the university medical center. you k e. in hamburg, he's been on health care front lines during the pandemic. d m, an our to him are in a technology came just at the right time. we were lucky that this technology could be applied straight away off. the great advantage of this platform is that it lets us produce large quantities of vaccines. very quickly, the ash new gorsling himself. he esther the official global death told of coven 19 stands at well over 6000000. but the world health organization estimates the true number of victims is 2 or even 3 times that that makes the, sorry, c o v to more devastating the most to the past band annex. only the spanish glue and h i v aids have claimed more lives. if not, your m r n. a vaccines, the calvin 19 crisis would have been even more dramatic by on tech and madonna developed an amped up vaccine production in months rather than years. several 1000000000 doses of m r n. a vaccines are estimated to have been injected worldwide . what the corona virus vaccines have shown is that am, are in a, is a game changer for making vaccines both in terms of how quickly we can make a vaccine from going from viral sequence to, to a medicine. and to see both the bio intake pfizer vaccines and the madonna vaccines come in at over 90 percent. almost 95 percent advocacy was just amazing. protection against the honor, cranberry, and has proven less effective manufacturers have raced to adapt their vaccines. a booster job can improve the body's immune response, at least temporarily. dick wouldn't munos, you'll just the basic immunization is already a great step towards avoiding the virus is most serious effects of iron and probably in avoiding it altogether. in the long term damsel as we do with flu viruses, will simply have to monitor the emergence of new mutations worldwide and combat each separately and into this might include adapting vaccines on a seasonal basis. like many other viral diseases covered 19 and the medical issues linked to it won't just disappear. they caused a for the great success we've achieved with m r n. a technology so far has led us look further. we believe that influenza h, ivy, and viral hepatitis are also good candidates for such vaccines. however, a range of factors must be taken into consideration within cold chains. for example, to see if we think globally, some standard vaccines might not be practical or even necessary in certain regions himself. the vaccine price also plays a major role of horace on his himself as all, all like even influenza viruses spread mainly during colder seasons and can cause acute respiratory problems. ready so give him to go to death to them. i still consider influenza to be a dangerous virus silicates. we might not see the risk as much now, because many people have also gotten vaccinated against the flu. in addition to they covered boosters, wound and by wearing protective face masks, we haven't had a real flu epidemic. the last 2 years supervision. but there was a wave of flu in 20172018 wash view, and it claimed several 1000 lied or santa ana cooper to happen. woolfolk leak mueller towels, and mention of storms and m. r. n. a vaccines could soon be rolled out as flu prevention measures. companies like sanofi by and tag, and dr as therapeutics are currently carrying out clinical studies. we're investigating a are potential flu vaccine or using a morning. currently the flu vaccine is not very effective every year to year the effectiveness ranges from 40 percent to 60 percent so, so there is a huge variability in protection. so i think l a if we could address that with an m arnet therapy to can improve the protection and improve the benefit for that. i think that could be a pretty big game changer. i some good pinched off. it's very likely that i will soon see a flu vaccine based on em are any technology. after all, man, there's not a lot that needs to be changed. where our vaccine is concerned, we remove the genetic information that codes for protection against the corona virus escal and replaced it with coding for the flu virus via the we're already carrying out the appropriate clinical studies. the image by nelson franklin historian low vaccines have been around for over 80 years, but they're not always a perfect match. the production process is long and complex. it involves cultivating the necessary viruses in chicken eggs. maxine doses have to be developed at least 6 months in advance of any flu epidemic. viral strains can mutate in the meantime, what's more, some people are allergic to proteins found in chicken eggs. b, i long move as a microbiologist and immunology at the university of marburg. in germany, he knows vaccine development until now has resembled a race when, in which the viruses given the way they replicate, have held a clear advantage. as the virus mutates, we have to keep generating new vaccines against it. the reason it mutates so easily this me is that it's genetic material is not coded in one class, but in fragments that can be assembled relatively at random. done to look that makes it easier for a new virus state shape. interested like what happens is the current virus, this is sensible. absolutely. it was where it used to produce a vaccine of course, but science as they are 5th time problem. one, they have to make sure they're faster and producing their vaccine august. the virus is a mutating business. that would probably not be the case with an m r n a vaccine or 2 things. we go much faster to engine. thank for the him of an additional key on the uh, feler for tyler m o n. a technology has many advantages. oh plan for you i'm. it can provide an accurate blue crane for antigen proteins, as it allows us to produce compounds with different variance of an anti gentle young jesus antigens. aunt is conklin, mackenzie, all 4th. we could also envisage a simple m r n. a vaccine that is effective against a number of viruses, young folks whom are combining coding for antigens against the flu. for instance, with that of saws cough to sauce coughed spy coleman. yet, once i'm vital for tile is i needed to pass along with great accuracy sherman emron . a vaccines can also be designed quickly and in large quantities at a relatively low cost high school seeing here and on course our main fund, imaged off and in stores and m r n. a vaccines can be produced, synthetically quickly and cheaply. but manufacturers enjoy a patent protected monopoly to keep prices high and production restricted against vis digger one important insight we gained from covered research. these are fees that clinical studies can be carried out much faster this month to an m r. any be struck man can be deployed to a large number of people. very quickly. dimensions for comments suggest in november 2021 shortly before the 4th wave of covey 19 hit. germany. researchers from around the world attended the 9 m. r. n, a health conference in berlin, previous conferences had attracted little attention outside professional circles. those who did attend regard em are in a technology as a multi purpose weapon against a range of major common illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, auto immune disorders and cancer. mm. so i've been working on our, in a, since i was a post doctoral fellow mit in the 1980s. an if you would ask me then whether or an acre ever be a medicine i would have told you you are crazy. and so now to have come this far and to be part of this incredible revolution is just amazing. if you asked me about just 2 years ago, ah, it was very, very difficult to raise any, any capital for em. arnie because it was not validated platform, i think people were still skeptical that he could actually work as a therapeutic as a vaccine. i think what's changed is people realize that it's not just speed and it's not just the technology works, but now there is a commercial drum until recently, the star of the conference was virtually unknown. but now biochemist, catalina, kerry ho, is viewed as something of a legend in the world of m. renee from nuns, carrico has been collecting one science prize after another. she helped set off the revenue, asian m r n a is fragile, and she succeeded in making it usable. it is very un usurer because i like the quiet place and the like. focus on science. but i try to and used to support unity to educate the people and the try to is spot inspire young scientists. the coven, 19 pandemic, has brought many other figures from research and medicine into the forefront as well. such as what used to be the small biotech company by on tech, based in mines, germany ogre shaheen and his wife as them to the g, has been researching m r. n a technology for more than 30 years. they recognized it's potential early on. this isn't with us at a scoring quincy. it's a universal principle with a many application, some entities. so for example, in the bus, every protein be stroke can be produced with m r, n e. at marin, m. r. any can be used to tell the body to generate anti boda hitchens and r n. a technology imitates the same process that continuously unfolds in the bodies . countless cells and the nucleus of every cell contains or genetic information are dna. with thousands of blueprints for all essential proteins. if the body has to produce a certain protein, the corresponding template is copied from the cell nucleus. an m r n a molecule is formed, and stands from messenger. ah, an r n a is the messenger that transports blueprints for specific proteins from the nucleus to the cellular cytoplasm for construction. therefore, emory ne, vaccines transmit information data if you will, for example, they can supply the construction plan to build the corona, virus spike protein. this is one basic principle behind m r n a technology, the site, the complexity of best estimate eman. i'll the 2nd basic principle and he is a m r n, a technology and also be used to update the sales characteristics list that we knew that every cell in the human body carries the data for absolutely any other said, okay. and we can give the sales, specific infrastructure line will be his and then one possible application for this r o b to rejuvenate organs to combat diseases occur in the advanced age health t. cardiac insufficiency, for example, and the heart muscle can be reprogrammed or to regenerate dusty done or to immune disorders or another possible application nuclei make them teach the immune system look and i thought noticed to do, we couldn't them in one sustained, viable buses finished torn so it's important to understand that m r n a technology never interferes with the genetic material, our dna in any way. it never even reaches the cells nucleus, and therefore it can't alter genomes, injected m r n h stimulates protein formation outside the cell nucleus. after that, it is quickly broken down. so as a vaccination, you don't watch the nucleus, so you simply inject the m r n e street into a cell from the outside. of course, it doesn't naturally enter into the nucleus, so that fear of changing the genome can be ruled out. ah, now a scientist of international acclaim. katelyn carrico has joined the team at biotech. it's been a long journey, apart from professor carrico. very few researchers believed in the therapeutic applications of m. r n a technology. initially, it wasn't even possible to introduce our in a, into a cell without it being destroyed instantly. people, they, us, we'd, what i am working. and i said i work with adoni. they said, oh, pure coffee, you know, they felt story for me because nobody liked to work without any. and people were complaining it always so easily. the great, you know, it is hard to isolate hard to analyze. nevertheless, carrico was convinced that somehow it had to be possible. i have to emphasize that i could see progress when i was doing experiments. adoni was better and more. propane was made in 2005, she published a breakthrough. she had made in her laboratory at the university of pennsylvania, together with your college revised men. carrico succeeded in producing modified r, renee that could penetrate a cellular membrane without being destroyed instantly for it to work. the 2 researchers experimented with the genetic molecular alphabet all r n a is made up of 4 nuclear bases, indicated by the letters a, c, d, and you carry cohen weisman, replaced the u component. you're a dine with a pseudo. you're a dine base that is closely related to it, modified this way, the genetic code of an m r n. a molecule can still be red, but it tricks cellular receptors. they no longer defensively break down the introduced are in a m and the when we generated the arden a and the instead of unit in the re incorporated, the pseudo unit in we found that that are any, was nothing on there. jenny translated 10 times better than to conventional at an 8th. was like a dream come through and no i could move on and do that if you take irony and i knew that it would be very, very important. i knew that it would be used for many, many things, but nobody believed easy. at 1st. carrico couldn't convince any one of her findings . but then she heard that a company in germany was carrying out research into our inane so that's what i give up the left my husband, my family behind and with my japanese colleague, he owe me more. i'm not sure. the opposed ocho we arrived to germany and we were on the mission that in, by on thing we really introduced a new go side, modified adoni and the and so he left also wife and family and we were just on a mission today. many companies work with carry cars, modified r, renee by on tech and madonna, use it in their cove. 19 vaccines that was just a game changing a crucial discovery. and so katie carrico, andrew weisman really deserve an incredible amount of credit for that. that discovery which has opened up the field of em are in a medicines as a consensus garbage, this vision, this man, this are all m r n e 's are modified in one way or another in order on the go by moore. the could see it's a modification which catalan calico achieve is coal on the nucleus side, modification or not discipline on nucleus. it. what if you could song but in order for m r n a, to reach a cells, receptors without being destroyed by the immune system. researchers have to use another trick and the fragile m r n a has to be encapsulated in an envelope made of fatty molecules known as nano, lippitt. they form a protective cell that helps penetrate the cells outer membrane before releasing the m r n a into the cytoplasm. and only then can the protein production commence the successful deployment of co that vaccines produced by by on taken madonna has confirmed initial findings and clinical studies on m. r and a technology since then they've been re confirmed millions of times, day by day. it's just a small pre your belly noted. mm. mm. another important field in which m r, n a therapies can make a difference, is treating heart disease. swedish researcher regina fritchie danielson is developing new approaches to tackling the global leading cause of death. ah, my grandfather and my grandmother actually both died of cardiovascular disease. my grandfather, even if it was many years ago, we had a my calling fortune. and at that time, you know, so to years ago there was not so many good drugs. so he, you know, he died that was in his early seventy's. my grandmother died of heart failure. many people still dying heart disease at an early age to fight this feature. danielson has spent many years looking at ways to regenerate the heart muscle and blood vessels. it's very motivating and very rewarding to think about what we could do for people, of course, because we know as to say that cardiovascular disease is the, the major course of one mortality and morbidity worldwide. and to understand more about what we can do to help the heart perform better to make the tissues function properly. the astrazeneca research and development center in gothenburg, during the cove at 19 pandemic. the swedish british pharmaceutical giant became a household name after developing a vector vaccine against cove at 19. what fi now however, is that scientists at the company also pursuing research in m. r in a technology. richard danielson heads a team of more than 340 researchers in one of its goals is to use a marionette to produce b, e. g s a protein that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. this is crucial for heart attack patients. the ambition we have here is to use it in patients that have had in my according function so to have lost cardiac tissue and they have also lost some of the blood vessels in the heart. so by administering this m renee at the heart cells, we produce to video proton protein themself. and this read your protein will then stimulate the formation of new blood vessels and we can improve there the cardiac functioning. these patients, cardiac therapy with m r n a could potentially look like this. during heart surgery, the m r n a would be in checked it directly into the heart muscle. there, the messenger molecule can deliver the blueprints for the cells to generate the v e t f protein, which stimulates the growth of new coronary vessels. when you buy from an unlocked the research over several decades that vege, if it's a super important factor for vascular v generation and potentially also for stem cell mobilization and re generational tissue. i'm the thought based on our understanding of if we could use m renee to deliver this vendor if we could potentially have a safe and production of new vessels in the lab. regina fritchie daniel since team was able to prove that the hopes placed in m r in a therapy were justified with their so here we see all the vessels that we have before be added. be jeff and a couple of days after we have had media. if we can see these extensive network of blood vessels that have formed, so it's very efficiently taken up by these cells, won. the next major step will be the clinical testing of m r n. a heart therapy in patience. mm. ah. then a girl girl is one of the patients taking part in an m r. in a heart study. 4 years ago, the amateur photographer suffered a heart attack. since then, doctors have implanted a number of stents to enable blood to flow freely through his heart. but at some stage, it became clear that this form of treatment wouldn't suffice. so goggles doctors advised him to undergo a bypass operation. the german heart center in munich, which is part of the city's technical university, has an international reputation for excellence around $3000.00 hard operations are performed here every year. lou cardiologist, kylewood, the cloud fits and heart surgeon marcus conner are carrying out the study on behalf of astrazeneca as it would be a step in the right direction. we certainly won't be able to integrate any heart muscle cells with this approach. but we do have high hopes that this might considerably improve the blood supply at a lower level to the tiny capillaries of dick and scans climbing if he is even a darkish specimen. the out motive, what's your is even yet need. and in addition to using it, existing techniques and drugs to help people to maybe come to the prime motivation . now insurance is to try something amusing lawyers, starshine. so to research areas were that you were, we still have no way of helping patient kind of move please kyle martin, m at c n. nathan. so cronan during their bypass operation, patients participating in the study are given either m r n a injections or a placebo, until the study ends. no one knows which of the 2 compounds they've received. a skipping class, the approval process and is clear and stringent. but my math, so whenever you forms a therapy or in poll, you are of course, worried that you might do more harm than good form does, is then john emotions are also part of it. so whenever you try something for the 1st time, you really feel like part of something new that you can use one time. but it's certainly not a case of patient c, i being injected with something totally unknown but can design time. and that's only patients with a light to medium grade reduction and cardiac output are allowed to participate, and they can't suffer from cardiac arrhythmia. dana goggle fulfill both criteria during the bypass operation, heart surgeon marcus qana, injected vanna gallagher's heart 30 times with no complications. he can do no huh. you can see where we injected the m r n a into the hot muscle hats moscow faster. with the help of imaging technology, we marked 30 injection sites beforehand. privacy in to launched and asked if mac yet though, so i didn't know there would be so many, but it doesn't matter. i can see that it was simple enough. everything went smoothly, was elk grove m. o. following the operation, calgary has to make for tramps back to the clinic for follow up checks. hollow launch year for the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the other areas are contracting very well. says mister, goggle, you've achieved an excellent result was with i'd see a tom the operation was a success, but it's still not clear whether the effect is solely the result of the bypass operation or whether the m r n e therapy played a role. was vanna gal will in the test group that received the substance or in the control group. ready back in gothenburg, the results from all 11 patients treated have been evaluated with so few test subjects in the study, the sole aim of this stage was to ensure that the therapy did not have any undesirable side effects. regina richard danielson is optimistic, the treatment will prove effective. what a good good. and then we follow these patients for 6 months, and we look at safety tolerability. and we can clearly conclude from those studies that these are procedure. and emily is very safe, intolerable. it says it was such a small study, we could only explore if it jesse m biomarkers. and what we could see here was some exciting signs of the treated patients with feeling better. so we can measure in hartford your patience their symptoms. we now need to repeat this study and in a much larger patient population and see if we can reproduce this is finely m r. any research is also deeply rooted in the field of oncology. this is where scientists expect to see the next application for the platform emerge. oh, i spoke to shuns i, i've wanted to become involved in cancer research ever since i was 12 or 13. i don't, even at that early age. i wanted to find a cure for cancer. i always knew i wanted to become an oncology. i'm going to win revenue and get i not a shake. has been an oncologist in cancer researcher for over 30 years, whether in radio therapy, chemotherapy, or immune therapy. she seen medical developments move increasingly towards tailored treatments together with pathology colleagues in the german city of paul home. she's now carrying out an m r n. a study on bell cancer for by antic there. in order to judge the marin a vaccine, we are offering patience in this study. as we must examine the tissue with great precision. what are the genes we want to attack the when that has been determined, i have an m r. a ne will then be developed individually for each patient implies that of course is in love stepped forward and i have almost another quantum leap and personalized medicine. and that is our aim. and we want to find the right therapy for each individual patient. that is something entirely new and the treatment of bowel cancer vanish. decades of research into m r n a therapies for cancer are nourishing hopes for the next medical breakthrough. ah ah crap psychos establish us as a says a cancerous cells been very close resemblance to healthy cells at this. and so that they also have certain characteristic country colon titian's on those who called tumor and to just them plenty of m. a c immune system can be trained to combat in our ream is to teach the immune system to find the cells and how these characterised offs and then destroy them. with this and hard to this day, we know that cancer differs from patient to patient when as contact in addition and sort of differing tumor cells and one patient also have different characteristics. usually shamrock mata and i know cornered her current, one of basic working hypothesis. we had an india, if we develop the vaccine shop to personal characteristics in math, i can achieve a highly improved effect of us and say that, and that is precisely what we do to be to, to high. we develop individualized vaccines here. and they can in the dining city and stuffer. this is how a cancer vaccination would work. first, harmless components of a patients tumor cells would be packaged as an m r in a blueprint and injected the body then begins producing the cancer proteins. but this wouldn't make the condition worse, it would just serve as identifying features for the immune system. ultimately, this teaches the immune system to form anti bodies and combat malignant cells. they carry similar proteins but that's still a difficult task. cancer is far more complex than flu associates or these characteristics. a lot of these mutations are different in every type of cancer that estimate them. a 1st thing we have to do is to herman these mutations as ty vasa, her patients can have 5060 or 70, or sometimes even 200 mutations in their tumors on the left. and so we want to select 20 of these and kind of a big question of horses, andy, which are the 20 most unfortunate mutations that the immune system might recognize . on the, on the task of the artificial intelligence we apply, that is to predict precisely which heart to recess can be best recognized by the immune system. if i'm with dos, enable us to induce a particularly powerful and rehearsal on the stock against the counter notes. you haven't gone thanks to advances and biotechnology, mostly in the area of artificial intelligence. researchers can now use the m r in a tool box to produce small amounts of highly tailored doses. as the interest of his vaccine is produced and delivered within 6 weeks, but patients are vaccinated once again after their standard treatment or not. my question is whether this treatment will actually enable us to prevent relaxes, which often otherwise occur in 2 or 3 years time. so i before, yeah, that of course would indicate therapeutic break. they're not to dish endorse for that, because not only would be then if you're 60 to 70 percent of patients in foot sent in combination with vaccination for instance, we would perhaps have cured well over 90 percent, which may as long as it puts at the consent within the framework of the bi on tag study, over the next few years, personalized cancer vaccinations will be tested in 200 foul cancer patients worldwide. some of them in bull home patients in germany, you can visit bowel cancer centers to find out whether they're suitable for the study. for this by on tech uses the cold or predict plus register in full home, a network of $190.00 intestinal cancel centers. vehemently sickly, we, as during the screening folded by and take vaccine study, we check our register and, and autonomy and bo home we called in april to hold of germany and then provide patients out of this really exciting substance. and the possibility of a presence of these i'm lucas tried to i was one of the 4 suitable candidates still have detectable fragments of tumor cells known as micro metastases in their blood after surgery over them. this means you have to find patients with this characteristic. fortunately, there are few in number and he's a patient is benefit from this on their appeal because they are under high risk of relapse and when suitable patients have been identified. they are offered a new therapy at the individualized m r n. a vaccine therapy on by the after treatment, these patients must be monitored for a relatively long period of time to detect whether they relapse or not, or whether the treatment makes relapse as milder. in going to a funks case, the bow cancer diagnosis came out of the blue bishop. so i noticed a slight change in my bowl. m u m school fiscal year. so i went for colonoscopy, colonoscopy, grandma, i was pretty shattered to hear the result to me. neither foul cancer down clips bi weekly went to see a specialist in internal medicine made. it's an early june, i had surgery, watson here in july i began chemotherapy eulley and now done in early november r p. i have just the seconds a smaller operation done not mind or she will get. that's why decline a whole lot. you can telephone is only 58 years old. according to his doctors, he's now tumor free, but the danger of relapse remains and can i not shaken, checked if he was suitable for inclusion in the study? thought? yeah, on before resorting the therapy chemo to which is a blood sample to see if free floating tumor dna was detectable as to still the analyses were sent in mind. road is of higher to more than are the alarm using wouldn't that rubric $6.00 to $8.00 weeks, not to hina, cautious rock bottom, told me that the marker my blood was negative yet does another word i include i was i'm not suitable for inclusions. i suzie finished with unique in fargo commer for grant or funk. that was good news. the a mr. screen. 800 patients and ball home by adam of 2022. it's estimated that around a 100 of them will prove suitable for personalized cancer vaccines. listen, emma, above the sign, we have to be realistic. we can't expect this to be a wander drug that will cure every type of cancer behind. this is a totally new medicinal approach again tucked so glueck that fortunately we now have daily evidence left m r. i, ne, technology has been very useful in the pandemic africa. now we have to test these new substances one disease over time. these are then in a few years we will see whether or not it will. yes, a new and better treatment. but once it is fun, so pazzano danesh desk on this could be a game changer that improves the outlook for patience, especially those with bow candles. light of her present during the cove at 19 pandemic, some have remained skeptical about m. r. in a technology. there are those who would rather wait for other vaccines or the results of longer term studies. but tomorrow patients don't have that kind of time . in the fields of both vaccine and drug development covered research into m r n. a technology has taken off world wide. biotech companies know that firms that can prove both efficacy and safety with their products and clinical development could celebrate the next big medical breakthrough and in health care, the business could be worth billions. but setbacks are also part of the story. dickinson obviously would've we have seen where the limits lines us me, but that just means that along with more investment, more effort is needed to push these limits even further. so that's what innovation is. what's your it never stands still in? it's not like biotechnology companies or say, okay, that says we just can't go any further. quite the opposite, getting tired. oh, your back was long regarded as one of the great hopes for the development of a vaccine. again, sorry, c o v 2, but it's m r n a production came at a late stage, and in 2021, the firm revealed an efficacy of just 48 percent. so the candidate was withdrawn. now a 2nd generation attempt is in the works. this is in guns clout, aim is to develop a 2nd generation vaccine that provokes more antibodies, yolanda copa, and also to move into the field of multi violent vaccines. and where by one dose of vaccine could combat several various for she, nevada young uptake inclin. one probable reason for the failure of the company's 1st generation candidate was that the vaccine was developed on the basis of unmodified irony. the company has aroused almost greater attention with another development and m r n a printer. it's designed to produce m, r n a for various applications, faster and more flexibly and could help decentralized production processes. that's why the uncertainties us on this are in a printed was designed for personalized medicine. we'd say to serve a single patient in the uncle, logical sector, or we need a mobile unit for swift action in an area hit by a pandemic. we want to be able to produce every kind of our in a, in this mobile unit. very quickly, joshua quoted, she unco built in co operation with tesla. the printer is still being examined by authorities. cure back expects approval by 2020 to the printer will then be used for the 1st time in clinic will studies the hopes and expectations for m r. n. a medicine seen to be almost as great as some people's fear of the platform has already provided great services in the colon pandemic. but in many ways, it's still in its early days of a to mr. teaching and optimistic view current, i can imagine that in many ways m r n e will turn out to be a game changer, changes on a highly important addition to the arsenal we already have in many fields as us to serve us in our boyfriend. i do think it is a game changer. we can truly do personalized medicines now where we can create medicines for just one person. i'm either to have their immune systems attack their cancer or to treat some inborn metabolic disorder. that where you have a missing protein, traditional medicines just really could not replace the tradition. it was a missing protein. and so there are just many unmet medical needs that we can now think about developing therapeutics for deacons, the boundaries of every former medicine or the boundaries of biology. it's of m r n a. we now have a toolbox available or in half before ultimately dismiss. we must understand that by all the choices estie and determine whether this toolbox is suitable for treating each specific 20th at the concrete spawn. ah, ah, shift your guide to life in the digital world. explore the latest online trends. navigate your way through the digital jungle. get a global perspective, will be your guide and show you what's possible. you decide what really matters to you. shift in 15 minutes on d, w. really freak show is about breaking stereotypes as coming up for identity. for those getting every day in kenya, we meet a young woman. i think the interesting my surrounding albin is the gemini kalese, rob and mortal albany, joseph, and a few beautiful. i don't ever letting any one of you know, the 77 percent in 30 minutes on d w o o, what people have to say matters to us. i am. that's why we listen to their stories reporter every weekend on d w. ah ah ah, ah, this is dw news lie from berlin. ukraine says its forces are still holding on in the eastern city of several done. that's the region is the focus of heavy russian shelling and intense street fighting. and could chancellor, olaf shall soon be on his way to you, chris.

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