State started to adopt statutes and gave more discretion. Certainly commonlaw, certainly at the time of the founding the court noted that typically the verdict came after the sentence. That is just not true. We do not have the right to change history. It isnt true. Isnt true. If you look at the very first criminal provisions that were inactive by congress, congress, the first congress, it was not determined. Your honor, for many crimes serious crimes, even for some that today we would consider not so serious, usually the penalty was death. So there was this close relationship. The court has called it a close relationship between the verdict and sentencing. We look at that together with the way the process was conducted shows that the right was created to cover the whole proceeding through the imposition or pronouncement a sentence. There are no further questions. Thank you counsel. The case is submitted. Tonight on book to be a prime time, words and comments about the structure. Beginning at 8 30 p. M. In america infrastructures back in the lead. At 9 30 p. M. , and infrastructure discussion at the los angeles festival of books. At 10 30 p. M. , the history and future of americas infrastructure. All of this tonight a book to be in prime on cspan2. This week on q a, author and investigative journalist sally talks about her book, the pop the profiteers. Host sally, author of the profiteers, in your note section in the back you write this, i was denied access to weinbergers papers, why . I was really kinda shocked about that and it shows that it was not really shocking at all, a lot of Public Officials who give their papers to the library of Congress Come with restrictions that keep them from the public as long as the family wants. It was the library of congress who purely made the arrangement with weinbergers family and maybe with him personally. That they would be restricted in the sun would determine who would be able to view them. I was really surprised at that. But as we have learned through my friend at the National Security archive that it is kind of a usual thing. I thought maybe youd put personal papers in a situation like that. Not papers relating to your position as secretary of defense or secretary of state. Cspan what difference does that make to this book . Guest i think it wouldve created a treasure trove of documents for me leading to weinbergers role as as secretary of defense. I was looking specifically for his relationship with the sentence a memorandum for the jonathan powered case. Cspan why did that relate your book . Guest jonathan was spying for israel, as we all now know. He had given back in 1985, one of the things he gave these really was evidence of American Companies building chemical plants in the middle east for israels enemies. And weinberger wine the and became interested in wanting to make sure that he did not get an easy sentence. Cspan further in the notes you said neither did the department of energy or. [inaudible] helpful or forthcoming what is that. Guest National Nuclear security agency, its actually a taught him his Agency Within the department of energy. It it is in charge of the maintenance of the Nuclear Weapons laboratories which figure prominently in my book because the company that i am writing about manages most of the Nuclear Weapons at this point. Their 17 labs. Labs. I was focused primarily on Lawrence River more and los alamos which are the weapons labs. Cspan vectors what . Guest it is the first major multinational mega company from the American West which is why it interested me. I am from the west and fourth generation from nevada and i grew up in a town where the company town from hoover dam which was really their signature project way back in the 30s. But it was the quintessential Multinational Company that is involved in all aspects of construction and engineering. Throughout the world on every continent. Cspan how cooperative was vector with your project . Guest i initially contacted them early on when i was first researching it and they directed me to their company website. Actually ive been there before a wrote my book proposal to simon schuster. As for millers website. Website. They directed me to their online test kit which i went to and then when i got to i found everything i needed was not only available on the website but there are three corporate histories that are very intensive and dating back through several generations. So between that we didnt really need any more from the corporate spokes person. I did apply for a Media Fellowship at the Hoover Institute where i had been for my previous two books. Specifically im interviewing and i was denied that fellowship cspan why . Spee2 they they said it was because my project did not really relate closely to the scholars there. I cannot imagine a book project that was more relevant to the Hoover Institute which is a very supported, longstanding support from the effect of family. And Henry Kissinger was also there at the time who had been a consultant. So i just kinda figured if i, if this book is a relevant i will never write a book that is apparently. Cspan is a george still attached to hoover . Guest yes. Cspan lets go back to 1982 and he is being confirmed and joe biden is in the chair, lets watch a little bit of his confirmation hearing at that time. Are you going to go back to vector . Have no plans or no invitation to go anywhere. I have not given any thought to what i will do. Let me tell you why i asked. You will receive a number of questions for my colleagues have done a lot of research on vector tone and its relationship with the arab world. Everyone is aware of the policy among others with regards to whom whom they deal, if they deal with the israelis. If in fact someone would suggest to you that if in fact you are required to take a position in the interest of the United States of america that was viewed as being very supportive of israel and against the interest of saudi arabia, that you might very well be reluctant to do so because you would know that would prevent you from ever being able to reassume a position affected . Oh no. I dont have any such concern in my mind at all. Spee4 that was 1982. Theres love in. Theres love in this task about. He became secretary of state until 1989, did he ever go back . He went immediately back and remains there. Hes quite elderly now, but he went immediately back and was an active participant in the company says that. Cspan does that make a difference to you . Guest i think with the main thrust of this book and what this kind of surprising to me, this is not a gotcha story, its the company is particularly interesting because its one of largest privately held companies. It companies. It does not have the same transparency as other corporations do. But i think that kind of revolving door, is the shelton weinberger, that kind of revolving door has become now so doesnt seem unusual anymore. At the time it was kind of the beginning, i would argue still that vacco created the revolving door. Theres never never company more integral with the u. S. Government and the coolingoff period that is now kind of standard, that is almost a joke. Nobody pays attention anymore, the lines are so blurred that i mean to see joe biden, senator biden talking about it at that time, i can can imagine that it been a discussion these days. Its so rare on capitol hill for someone to question a nominee about his corporate ties. Cspan George Scholz in 1969, 1970, 72 Director Office management and budget, 74, 75 executive Vice President avenue backed out. And then president of acta, 82 through 89 secretary of state and then director and senior counsel at two through 89 secretary of state and then director and senior counsel at bechtold. Is he still on the board . Guest i dont know. Everything related to the board of directors of the shareholder, all of that you have to take at face value because they are required to file anything with the securities and Exchange Commission or shareholders reports are private. So what his relationship is or his familys relationship is just not declared. Guest on weinberger who is secretary of defense 69 to 70, w 580 general Vice President and the secretary of defense. You focus on both weinberger and scholz on the book. Tell us more about why. Guest not really. I dont think i focused my focus a lot on that era, the reagan revolution as it relates to the expansion throughout the world. The expansion of the American West is a power center. So both men as you said have been in the next administration. Also a California Political figure. The theme here of the book beginning with hoover dam which really was the first megaproject in creation of a public, private development that really make california possible. Meet the the american southwest possible. The cities that never wouldve came up if it not for hoover dam. So its really just a few chapters of that era. But the reagan era for me represented a shift in economic power to the west. It was a sagebrush rebelling, much of what we see now going on with cliven bundy it is just impulse on just underneath the surface. It really came came to the forefront during the reagan revolution. For him to tap the executive to come into the cabinet was really newsworthy. Before we go on with the story, one time in your life you work for Jack Anderson. Guest i sure did. Cspan i got some things you said about him but before i get there why did you work for me and when . Guest i work for him in 1977 in 1978. I have been with a little newspaper northern new mexico was just starting out in journalism and had done a series of explosive stories about the murders of young women that were tied to a drug conspiracy. Jack brought me to washington as an intern initially and then hired me as a staff reporter. Cspan how long did you work form . Spee2 a thing close close to two years. Then i went to kentucky. Cspan explain this but alas like all great mortals Jack Anderson had a fee to clay, he entered into business relationships and squandered protected sources were manipulative him, he allowed allowed his ego to dictate his judgment and abandon those word most of auditory. Guest when i arrived there it was legendary. Most people dont even remember who he was. I had grown up, my father was a lawyer and drew pearson who was jack was june pearsons protege. He was actively involved in supporting hang green when joe mccarthy was taking him on or when they were taking joe mccarthy on a joe mccarthy was trying to get hank indicted for murder. There is a longstanding longstanding relationship between the drew pearson, Jack Anderson, washington merrygoround column in las vegas nevada. But when i arrived here in washington to work for jack he was in 1000 newspapers. He had Good Morning America three days a week. Mutual week. Mutual broadcast radio five days per week. It was a wonderful empire. I was was just thinking the other day it was astounding for the interns. We had every week there it be huge gunnysack mail bags full of letters from people all over the country saying you need to come to my town and look at the corruption here. My city council, my commission, my governors correct cropped it was so rampant it was stunning. In in the end when i say that he squandered it, he there was so much talent when i was there, james grady, les whitten, jos be her, it was this hotbed of really great journalistic mines at a time when journalism was actually respected and at the forefront of investigative reporting on the heels, jack and drew had been doing it for years. This was at the heels of bernstein and watergate. It was really heavy stuff. Jack was unable to really delink wish in the control to talent that was there. He was hanging on and ended up losing all of the many papers that he had in the syndication just fell apart. It was just a sad delink wish me. It seemed like i read somewhere that you were critical about board work . I dont think so what was the original title supposed to be. Guest the original title was the but he must. It wasnt until it while the whole book change. Im a fourthgeneration nevada who grew up in boulder city. When i first started exploring the book i had done a a cover story for science and technology magazine. On the 75th anniversary of hoover dam. And i let boulder city in 1970 other than going home to visit family and had not been back. So when i started looking at it as a book project i had no idea they had gone on for five generations and expanded throughout the entire universe basically now theyre doing asteroids. So i call it but he missed. Then i got deep into the research it was four years of research and writing, once i got deep into the research there is a quote from the gao about the profiteering and i cant remember the exact quote but Something Like never before have so few men made so much money at the taxpayers expense. I just started thinking this is more about profiteering than it is about anyone company. Cspan have ever done anything illegal . Spee2 i dont think so. Thats one of the other stunning things that all this is legal. This is all i write. Its really, really not a biography of this family as much as another thing that i found going in was the family was really not interesting. There are interesting for they represented, not for themselves as characters. There are representative of a larger trust and philosophy of American Business in american politics and foreign policy. Cspan where did stephen senior fit . Guest he was the first, the company starts with warren who was an oldfashioned road grader in the American West. Hoover dam was really his project with his protege, kaiser and it was called Six Companies but there are eight companies. This was a big hoover project to channel the raging Colorado River to provide water and irrigation and electricity primarily to southern california. He got the contract with theres actually a companies for the column Six Companies after the chinese in San Francisco, the chinese crime but it was because there is no company in the American West that was big enough to tackle this job. Arguably it really wasnt a company in the east either. So you talk construction, all of these, they all came together to put up the money and to get the beds to build the stand. Guest is kaiser the same kaiser that built the car . The hj kaiser automobile . Guest i think so and also the panama canal. Cspan here some video of stephen senior, sam sam is not alive anymore. Lets watch the. Considerable ps about what work and he get out whats gonna happen, discuss it with my father and with henry, meanwhile my father have in talking with his friends at the utah construction company. I believe they approached him on it and dad dropped it who is a you euchre partner about whether we are to be interested in it or not. We all knew it was a big job and an important job in a had to be done well. Everybody felt we had a certain amount of expertise that they probably had not had before, from that group of people that were there came some of the strongest men that they had in the Construction Industry speak for what was he like . Guest i think he was important in taking the company to the next phase. All of these generations, their five generations of men and they do that in their own way. His father died quite young and under mysterious circumstances in moscow in 1933. Stephen senior, its really just stephen but then he names his son stephens i designate between junior and senior and others do too. He is the one that after the dam was built, warranted not to not live to see the damn belts. When he died there is a struggle for control throughout the family for the fortune and company and stephen, the middle son ended up taking charge. It was his relationship with john mccone who was a College Classmate from uc berkeley who really signifies his relationship with john, who had worked for consolidated steel which provided all the silver hoover dam which was a massive contract. Also a relative of his wife, a man named johnsons and was partners with the dallas brothers and the Schrader Farm in new york. Those relationships with mccallum and simpson really launched a vector from a relatively small American Company into the International Entry leading up to world war ii. Cspan he ran the atonement Energy Commission and what else. Cspan he was director of cia under john f. Kennedy. He is not there very long. Lbj didnt keep them on for a short time after the kennedy assassination. Cspan was he republican or democrat, or did that matter . Guest he was a republican. Im not sure that it matters. They all kind of been forged from this radically reactionary anticommunist russian containment policy that was driving american foreignpolicy. At the time his very representative of that. Cspan why did he leave the cia . Guest im not sure why he left the cia. I did not really go into, at that time he was no longer so i didnt really shift into that except for when he becomes a director for itt and was involved in the runup to the coup. Guest did any of them ever serving government . Guest no. While they served in different think tank, foreignpolicy advisement. I think steve junior was on the xm on the xm bank or one of the advisory, they are in and out of advisory positions. But not willing government. Cspan i want to read the paragraphs of people have the understanding of the kind of things that he has been can contracted to do. You