Our job is to educate, organize, mobilize people. Or years from now is a long time. Weve got other things to worry about today. [applause] you talk about universal healthcare and its something that so many of us believe in. What do you think is the straightest path to get that at this point . The problem lies in a corrupt Campaign Finance system. And the first thing weve got to do is overturn citizens united. [applause] and in my view, moved to public funding of elections. What we also have got to do, and this worries me very much , its directly related to healthcare or the environment or anything else. You have to pay a lot of attention and fight back against voter suppression. There are cowardly republican governors all over this country who are afraid of free, open and democratic elections and theyre trying to make it harder for young people, for old people, people of color to participate in the political process so we got to resist that and move toward a nation in which everybody , every other citizen has theright to vote. [applause] and when we do that, we will be able to do that, we will be able to take on the Insurance Companies and Drug Companies. They are are the impediment to a National Healthcare system. They want to maintain a Health Care System in which they can make hundreds of billions of dollars a year in profits and our job is to tell them that the function of the Healthcare System is to provide quality care to all people the most costeffective way. Not make Drug Companies and Insurance Companies make billions of dollars a year. [applause] its interesting because the next question was, someone from the audience pointing out that 1. 7 million former felons votes were suppressed in florida. Florida i think is one of the worst places. In vermont, in vermont what our state has done and a few other states have done, we have done what was right. That is, we said that you served your time in jail. You pay your debt to society. When you get out, you have your democratic right. [applause] but when we talk about voter suppression, that is certainly one of the areas we have got to focuson. If you served your time , you have the right to regain your ability to participate. Thank you. Do you expect a fight in the senate over the Supreme Court nomination . [laughter] i know the answer i think to that. The answer is of course. We dont know who the nominee is quites i think it is fair to say that the candidate, it is based on, its not only what we feel who might be the nominee or at least the politics of the person who might be the nominee. But we come into that with the reality that republicans in the senate, their leadership ignored the constitution and refused to even allow hearings. President obamas nominee. All of you know the constitution is not ambiguous about this. The president has the right to nominate somebody and the senate has the right to hold hearings to determine whether the person is qualified. And the republicans said obama is president , we dont want to have any hearings at all. I think that with that background, probably mister trumps nominee will not win the most enthusiastic response from the democratic caucus. [applause] this is the way some of the much younger folks in the audience are feeling, this question comes from a 13yearold. What can we doto keep trump under control . [applause] i think its a very interesting question. All these questions, and trust me its not just people in this room for 13yearold kids. It is people all over this country are worried. And the answer again, i dont mean to be beating a dead horse is that we have to rethink our role in our democracy. And that is that if there are actions that are taken that we think are unconstitutional or simply bad or unfair, we have got to stand up, mobilize and fight back. Thats called democracy. We can do that. And thats what weve got to do. We will take two more questions. The first one will be , can we take you todinner . This is, including jane. This is from jen and lily in the audience. In vermont, we always have food so maybe next time. We will fly there and have some food together. The more serious question is it isyour feeling about the Electoral College . As i began in my remarks , hillary clinton. , we think, california, it takes forever for them to count votes. I dont know why but it does. But we think she will have ended up with 1,000,000 and a half to 2 million more votes than mister trump. In a democracy, one might assume that if you get more votes than your opponents, you win. Thats not the case now. This happened obviously with al gore and it says something about the state of florida about that. All right. Thats number one. Am i comfortable with the fact that somebody wins more votes than her opponent and is not inaugurated . I am uncomfortable. Number two, maybe as a politician i see this more. 50 states in this country and every one of these states have Serious Problems and their people have needs. But what has happened in the last number of elections, Everybody Knows there are 15, 16 battleground states, florida being one of them. You in this state, theres a whole lot of mrs. Clinton and mister trump because everybody knew it was about a battleground state. The same thing with iowa, same thing with michigan, pennsylvania, ohio, wisconsin, etc. Meanwhile, there are 35 other states in this country who very rarely see a candidate for president , who very rarely have their issues being discussed, there needs being discussed. Theres something wrong with that. 320 Million People living in 50 states, politics with all due respect to florida and the other 15 states, should not just be about 15 or 16 states, it should be about 15 state and all of us. [applause] youve brought and energized so many people that i think the last question to ask, particularly after a difficult week of hearing so many speakers be so fearful and concerned about where the future lies. What hope can you give us . Given all that youve seen, all that you know and all of that . It gives me a lot of hope and i think again, this country, if you study our own history, weve been through very dark period. I dont have to relate to anybody in this room what people in this countryway back when, the native americans, africanamericans, latinos. You know, the struggles delegate and so far and so on and yet over a period of time, people came together and they made life better. 100 years ago, you had children working in factories using their anchors and workers said no, i cant go on. Public education, free Public Education didnt come out of nowhere. It came because people fought for it. These are dark times. Thinking back now, i went to vermont a couple years ago and they showed a film, probably december 8, 1941. You know what that was about . That was the day after pearl harbor. And president roosevelt goes before congress and declares war on japan and a while later on germany. In that moment, the military of this country was not prepared to fight wars in east and wars in the west, we didnt have the resources to do that. And yet a united country, 2 and a half years later for all intents and purposes, by the end of 1943, the war was essentially one. We were producing incredible amounts of tanks and planes and guns to unite, the military was extraordinary. United america and they took on powerful forces in europe, powerful forces in asia in the three years, four years. So yes, i understand people are distraught. I would say two things. Dont lose faith in our capabilities. Thats number one. We have, through very difficult times in the past and number two, despair is not an option. You dont have. [applause] when somebody throws their hands up and says im giving up, you dont have that right because this country is not just about you. Its about your children. Its about the future of this country. You want to give up . You know what that means . Youre going to do this planet literally as a result of Climate Change. You dont have a moral right to do that so i think maybe worry a little bit less about football. I know i am treading on very controversial areas and maybe pay a little more attention to the issues facing our children and our parents and our families and stand together. When i use the phrase political revolution, thats what it means. Its not that i have an 86 point program. It means youve got to decide the bestway forward. What does it mean . In florida you know what Climate Change can do. To this very city. Are you going to allow an expansion of fossil fuel in this country to make a bad situation worse . I hope not youve got to figure out the best way to put pressure on your elected officials, on washington. Figure out ways to do that and on many other issues as well. I am ready for a fight. I hope all of you are ready for a fight. Thats what weve got to do. Thank you all very much. [applause] you so much. Senator bernie sanders, thank you so much. [applause] well, thank you all for coming tonight to this remarkable evening. We have senator sanders book for sale to my right. We thank you all and we will see you all tomorrow as well, thank you. [inaudible conversation] that concludes todays coverage of the Miami Book Fair. We will be back tomorrow with more. You will hear from dana perino, Miami Book Fair cofounder mitch kaplan and National Book award winner Colson Whitehead area go to booktv. Org to get a complete schedule of events for sunday. Cspan where history unfolds daily. In 1979, cspan was created as a Public Service by americastelevision companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. The Duquesne Incline 77, one of four inclines use to transport people to the top of what was once called cool hell. Special collections room the Carnegie Library, pittsburgh. We will come back later to look at some of his materials but right now were going to make our way down to the second floor to the Reference Services department to look at the reading room. Right now were going to pass through our books tax. We have 11 storybook start at the rear of the building, and were going to move from their to the second floor. Yoyoull notice in the book stas that the floors are all green glass panels. That is so that light can pass through all of the floors of the stacks and help to illuminate them. We have to remember that when the book stacks were built at the turn of the 20th century, lighting was not as superior as it is today. Everything that they could do to make it easier for the people, the librarians defined the books and bring the books out to the public was an asset. So thats why we have the green glass floors. The library was built in two parts, the museum was added at the second building. The original building was built in 1895 and dedicated by mr. Carnegie at that time. That building was judged to be too small, and mr. Carnegie added additional monies to expand and add specific Art Galleries and Natural History galleries to the building. And the books, the book stacks and recognition to the interior come everything in was rededicated in april of 1907. Were going to move from the Pennsylvania Department down to the second floor to the reference area and that is our main reading room. This hallway is the main hallway on the second floor. This and the marble staircase was added during the 1907 renovation. All of the declaration here, including above all the doorways was done by elmer who also supervised the declaration of the library of congress and the boston public library. The individuals in all of the decorative our images from renaissance medallions. That was the theme for this particular hallway. All of the declaration on the marble staircase has been restored. This is all as it was when it was first rededicated in 1907. The colors, the gilding come everything was restored to make it look new again i. Here we are in the main reading room on the second floor. This is the home of the Reference Services department. We have both reference and circulating material, so we also are a depository for little documents. All of that material comes from this particular room. At one time the very beautiful ceiling, vaulted ceiling, where skylights but they were painted over in both world war i and world war ii and so the company was never removed so that no longer function in that way. But they still have been restored and all of them have been repainted. The murals were all cleaned and sealed. The lamps on all of the reading tables are replicas of the original lamps that we had in the early 20th century on all of the reading tables. So this is, we try to keep the atmosphere here as true to the original as we possibly can. Mr. Carnegie was extremely interested in the early creation of all of his libraries because all of those communities were close to his heart. When we go up to the oliver room, our archivist will be able to show you correspondents were mr. Carnegie was interested in every part of the library construction. After a certain amount of time, so many communities were asking for libraries that mr. Carnegie created the Carnegie Corporation of new york, and to secretary continued through the Carnegie Corporation of new york to make sure that funding was available to keep creating Public Libraries across america your. Today ive selected from the archives Andrew Carnegie related materials. So that would be correspondents, photographs, some brochures pertaining to carnegie and his involvement with the library from the beginning until he passed away. This shows is thoughtful us in developing not only this library but his granddaddy of libraries throughout the world. In the colonel anderson collection, we are going to see some books that carnegie looked at when he was a young boy that may have influenced him later on. And the idea that these holdings would be wonderful for the city of pittsburgh as well as for people coming from all over the world. Ive selected today a number of items you can see that are here on the table that traces Carnegie Library from its beginnings to its opening in 1907. If you look at the four photographs that are here, you can see that this very which is a pretty big complex shows that it was a field and theres a hill, and its pretty undeveloped, as well as out in front of the building you can see that there were trolley tracks because the trolley would go past and stop right in front of the building. Those tracks remained for many, many years after the building was opened but its just hard to believe when you look at this complex how extensive it is that it basically was goalie and hell and cobblestone streets. Carnegie wanted to be in the oakland area of pittsburgh, in this area fit perfect with his vision of having a large complex. Carnegie commission this area as an Educational Area of the city which is very true today because both the university of pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon university border the Carnegie Library. Theres also not far from here several other colleges. Theres also pittsburgh Public Schools are around here as an Educational Area in the city of pittsburgh. As we move along here, i pulled from the invitation that was sent out to the public for the opening of the original Library Building in 1895. Now, i pulled some carnegie correspondents. His letters are fabulous on many accounts. One, they give detailed information whats going on in the building of the building, but as you can see on a number of these, carnegie just did not hand a piece of paper over to secretary to type. Carnegie, and then he would sign the letter when it was finished. He would go in afterwards, cross things out, to postit notes, anything that needed to be added in. He just did. So its a wonderful chance to see carnegies own handwriting. And theyre really pretty interesting as well. When the library initially open in 1995, carnegie knew immediately that it needed to be larger, as has been mentioned earlier. And so he decided that he wanted to have a larger space. He at the time did not like the two towers that were outside in the building. As you can see on our photogra photograph, there are these two towers that are out at the front, which i personally like but carnegie himself didnt and he had the means to remove them. One of the most interesting letters describes his dislike of those two towers. And if i may just quote briefly a sentence or two from the letters, he says those were the two very famous architects of the time who designed the building, are not proper judges about the towers because they are their own work. I should like the opinion of all the other architects. The building was look like a mule with long ears, has become one of the famous carnegie lines about the towers is that they are a mule with long years. Are 90 also the carnegie also wanted a list of famous individuals to run along the outside of the building. It was supposed to be the four Building Blocks of culture, literature, science, music and art. So before carnegie approved of the names of outside of the building, it got leaked to the press, and carnegie wasnt happy at all because the original list omitted robert burns and sir walter scott, two very famous scotsman like scott himself, and dickens was on there, and it wasnt so happy with it. So we wrote a letter criticizing some of the names that were on their, approving others come individual it was all worked out for the names are outside of the building. But again its one of the interesting correspondence that you can see how he thought ab