Understand, what is the question . So let me answer. Its a very simple answer. First of all of course as you can understand i want us to reach an agreement but i think we have to reach out in a sensible realistic way. One of the problems is that the piece thinking and peace concept will not renew in 20 years. This is what i think we need fresh thinking. You will not trite to a 25yearold chevy. So i think its time to thank fresh and to describe it in just a sentence. When israelis open their hearts and decided to go to peace in 1993 the result was a waive of terror and buses exploding in central jerusalem. When israelis took a giant step forward and the Peace Agreement in 2000 the result was the worst suicide bombing terror offensive ever. When the israelis opened their hearts the third time and we withdrew from the gaza strip and the result was rockets coming in life in southern jerusalem must awful. It is understandable why middleoftheroad realistic wellmeaning israelis are afraid their fears are somewhat justified. Yet i say lets not surrender to fear but lets think and bring out the new creative idea of how we move forward and learn from the lessons of the past and do not underestimate or do not ignore the fact that there are legitimate fears on the other side within israel. [applause] i would just add one thing to that which is also the creation of the wall that has had this effect of removing any sense of urgency to make a deal. I think with a heightened sense of security inside of israel that day of reckoning of the palestinian question can be put off seemingly forever. That is part part of it but that came after the trauma. To this day we did it not acknowledge these traumas in their paralyzing israeli Public Opinion so we have to address them. By the way i think the war was part of the solution but thats another discussion. I hope you dont mind if i asked scott a question. I wanted to ask you if you couldnt recall and summarize, i think its a bit of a funny story of what lawrence had to do to actually conscript or signup you had to get a uniform and do a wild move. I remember faintly but maybe you can reveal that story because i think its pretty funny. Its a great story. When the war started in august of 1914 lawrence, he has been a great deal of time at the archaeological site and was in northern london and there was such a rush of people to enlist that the British Government raised its height standards. Lawrence is only 5 feet 4 inches and i believe there is a height of 5 feet 6 inches so he could not enlist and what happened was he got a job working for the Mapping Department of the British Military headquarters in london. He was then that job for about six weeks and a british general who was about to go off to the western front to belgium wanted to look at the uptodate battlefield maps of the sector he was going to be going to and walking in this room he was so offended that he was going to be reefed by this fivefoot fourinch civilian. He said i want to be briefed by an officer. There were no officers left. Everyone had been sent to the front so lawrence was hustled off to the armynavy store to get a Second Lieutenants uniform and they made him a second lieutenant. That is how lawrence became a british officer. [laughter] you are going to be the last question. The rumor is that he was maybe the only person ever. Thats right. It was not a rumor. Actually happened. It was right at the end of the war. The world was two weeks away from finishing. Lawrence has helped in damascus and the tovar 1919 and he rushed back to london to start putting putting trying to put his influence into the postwar division of the region and on the morning of october 30 he was summons to Buckingham Palace and he thought he was going there to brief the king on these deliberations, these geopolitical to liberations. The king and the queen, queen mary walked in and there was a raised platform. Lawrence realized he was about to be knighted and two things unusual about this, over the previous four years of the war there were some an invest teachers and metals. Investors were always done en masse at this point so private that searcher was almost unheard of and queen mary had heard about lawrences exploits in arabia so she made an exception to come. Lord chamberlain is sitting there with his pillow with all these metal sonic and the king turns to lawrence and says i have some gifts for you and he goes to put the first metal on lawrence and lawrence refuses to be knighted. The british monarchy is all about protocol. There is protocol for absolutely everything but there was no protocol for someone refusing knighted to the kings face. It never happened before. Apparently the king just stood there awkwardly for a minute and put the metal back down on lord chamberlains pillow and lawrence turned and walked out. [laughter] why did he do it . I think he did it because he knew that the trail was coming. What really motivated lawrence and what he really risked his life over and over again was in trying to, to try to uphold the promises the British Government had made to britain and i think by the end of the war it was very clear that they were going to be sold out and the betrayal of the british and french was a forgone conclusion. My question is for ari. This may sound like a simple question and maybe it is. Im not so sure if it is though. You mentioned in israel what israel should be doing to reach out to the diaspora to and americans so forth. My question is the inverse. What should americans ,com,com ma jewish in america who love israel but dont blindly love israel but still love israel, what should we be doing to further the dialogue for the situation as you see it . What is our role in this . I have an unusual answer for journalists. I think pretty much you are doing what you should. I think in this sense american jewry is doing what it should in supporting israel and maintaining itself. Where im actually worried and this is unusual for an israeli to say. Im more worried about your own communities and therefore my vision is i want to come to israel to bring israel there. Each one if you like science, if you like politics, whatever part of israel you can relate to work with it in a whatever we decide that i think it is our role really and i will give an example. I am really troubled by the lack of affordable Jewish Education in this country. I think this is the heart, if there is a future in the jewish community. I dont expect israel to send shekels to fund jewishamerican schools but for instance if we would have some sort of jewish peace corps that is going around and sending our youngsters to help with the jewish schools or jewish summer camps and a million ideas. My fear is of internal jewish isolations. I dont want your community to turn its back on israel and they dont want israel to turn its back on you. I want you to do whatever. Do your thing. Whatever part of israel you have a right to work with but i want israel to work with you. I think the problem there is that we have to do as much deeper. I see it is my role and is my hope this book is to launch a new, conversation about israel but when i go back there its my duty to try to launch a new diaspora of discussion within israel. This is the last question and i would end with the following. I prescribe what i so much believe in which is the energy of a retaliated society in every respect that our role in their mission is to take a vitality and move it to the political sphere so we will have a much more effective government, much more effective policy. Its not enough that there is great individuals and a Great Society and great startup companies. We have to take that vitality, transform our system and our state and reach out to you people so we can have a meaningful dialogue because we really need it and it can actually be a real celebration. Thank you. [applause] Scott Anderson and ari thank you very much. We do have books available for sale outside and authors will be available across the hall to sign them for you. Thank you. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] as we wrap up our coverage here on day one of the Miami Book Fair international and want to let you know about tomorrow. We are we are live all day again tomorrow beginning at 10 30 a. M. Eastern time. Some of the others you will hear from kate helprin and George Packer who won the National Book award Jeremy Scahill bill ayers represented Debbie Wasserman schultz and chris athey Chris Matthews are some of the authors and you can find the entire schedule a booktv. Org so we look forward to seeing you tomorrow. Everything you have seen today will reair beginning at midnight eastern time. Thanks for being with us. Now booktv continues. So the first of all increasingly womens identities are tied to their work in a way which me might not like and we may find disturbing and unnatural but it is in fact true. When i look at some one like mercer mayor who was recently chosen to be the ceo of yahoo when she was visibly pregnant and then was asked you now how much Maternity Leave do you want to take and she said basically none. The fact that such women exist, its not the way i would do it. I took plenty of Maternity Leave i feel like that is a growing that is the kind of woman that there can be space for in the fact that there are some stay at home dads who are set happy stayathome dads and they dont all entirely live in portland oregon, thats okay too. [applause] thank you so much for that very kind introduction. Its a pleasure to be here. Robert e. Lee surrendered is for most americans a familiar tablet. The two men met in the house of will mclean and a modest hamlet of appomattox courthouse. The war of fine dress uniform and embodied the proud gentility of the cells planter elite. Grant represented the hardscrabble farmers and wage earners. After awkwardly exchanging some pleasantries about their service in the mexican war the two men agreed to the surrender terms that ended the civil war. Grants terms set free promise that they would never again take up arms against the United States. Grants magnanimity and this hour and stoic resignation defeat not only be united the north and south to prepare the way for americas emergence as a world power. This is an edifying story, comforting when they cast the surrender of the moment feeling that transcended politics. Today i will tell you an altogether different appomattox story and suggest that what happened here on april 9, 1865 is even more significant and fascinating than we have realized. The surrender was an inherently political moment that would set the terms of an unfolding debate about the meaning of the war. Lee and grant leaders both knew this so each man move moved to stake out a position. For lead the surrender a negotiation which he said honorable terms in the piece was contention on the norths good behavior. The Union Victory in glees eyes was one of might overwrite. And grants you the surrender was in essence a negotiation. He could be merciful precisely because was rendered utterly powerless and discredited. Grants terms were designed to affect the federal submission and atonement. For grant the Union Victory was one of right over wrong in the piece was contention on on the south good behavior. These competing visions would exert a profound influence over postwar politics eniac grant and lee did not craft the surrender terms in isolation for is the appomattox drama unfolded their countrymen and women invested the surrender with their own agendas and aspirations and dreams and the streams dreams included the dream of freedom itself or in the eyes of africanamerican soldiers and former slaves more than the union had been vindicated that april day. Lees surrender was for them a freedom day the promise of emancipation was finally fulfilled. I will propose three distinct understandings of the surrender as a moment of frustration. This is the confederate interpretation. It took shape within the contending armies on april 91865 and i will suggest the debates over the appomattox terms reveal not only the depth of the bitterness between the victors but also deep divisions within the Society North and south. We will begin with the confederate interpretation. On april 8, 1865 lead penned a letter to grand response to grant suggestion the confederate cause was hopeless and the time it comes to capitulate. Lee wrote quote to be frank i do not think emergency has arisen the surrender of this army is the restoration of peace the sole object of all desire whether to know your proposals will lead to that end. It stores your proposal and the restricted piece that should be pleased to meet you. In using the word restoration twice we began to elaborate his vision of an honorable peace. What did he mean by restoration . It was of course the favorite theme of the northern piece democrats who deployed the lincoln administrations conduct of the war particular the advent of emancipatemancipat ion and sought to return the union to the way it was which was their 64 campaign slogan. We had hoped in vain battlefield victories whats bring the north to the negotiating table but lees understanding of frustration was rooted in his family culture and then in that of his native virginia. Like many other virginians of his Generation Lee was steeped in nostalgia for the days of the republic when the other states almost took it for granted that virginia would be their leader and when virginians felt the proprietary cry to the union. For furley an honorable peace would restore to the south of prosperity. He associated with the days of an imagined past it before the nation drifted away from the principles of the virginia founders. From april 1865 on restoration with the least political key word and wed see a crop up again and again in this postwar correspondents. For example six months after the surrender he wrote to his friend Matthew Fontaine maury as long as as virtuous dominant interpublic so long as the happiness of the people is pure mate and merciful god save us from destruction restores to the bright hopes and prospects of the past. Lees hopes for restorations were premised not only a nostalgia but on the case that this army was blameless. He elaborated that on april 10 in his farewell address drafted by Charles Marshall that began after four years of arduous service mark van surpassed fortitude the army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield overwhelming numbers and resources to confederate church remains steadfast in the last to continue and could draw satisfaction even in this bitter hour from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed. Lees address took on an iconic iconic had profound emotional resonance to his starving and exhausted troops. The yankee army seemed endless and encompassing. Lees farewell address had layers of meaning and deep tangled roots. For white southerners the reference overwhelming numbers and resources was a code. In context of proslavery ideology in the confederate create numbers conjured up a Northern Army of mercenaries and hireling seduced into service and having no real stake in the fight. Resources conjured up images of factories and cities in which an exploited underclass turned out the material for at the behest of rapacious capitalists. Secessionists have seen the burgeoning wealth and the population of the north as an indictment of Northern Society of this social instability and obsession with the bottom line. Addresses referenced the answer past courage and fortitude of the confederate troops who is part and parcel of that same indictment of the north defenders of the southern way of life made a statement of the claim that southern men accustomed to mastery and rural place were made of sterner staff in northern slaves. Lee was well aware of this ideological fret and implying the union troops had not been equaled for the confederate ones the central attributes of manhood his farewell address made a political statement. By denying the legitimacy of the norths military victory confederates could tonight the north the right to impose its political will on the defeated cell. Here at appomattox lead moved on the second front to cast an surrender terms for the best possible light hoping their paroles could confirm his men immunity from her prices and hence the victorious federals lee requested a grant at their april 10 meeting on horseback that each individual confederate be issued a printed Certificate Signed by a Union Officer as proof the soldier came under the settlement of april 9. Grant readily assented to lees request. In keeping with the language of the terms of parole certificate certificate. Shift the soldier usurps the laws were he recited he would not be disturbed. Union men imagine the certificates would remind confederates of the obligations intended upon the status of prisoners of war that the confederates emphasize the will not be disturbed claws and there lies their their paroles representative promised the honorable men would not be treated dishonorably. In the confederate interpretation is rendered terms imposed conditions on the north and in april 29, 1865 interview with the New York Herald lee warned of arbitrary revengeful policies were adopted by the Republican Administration southerners would consider the surrender terms breached and would renew the fight. 10 months later testifying before Congressional Committee investigating the waives of antiblack violence in the south we defend the lenient policies of Andrew Johnson which brought exconfederates back to power and cautioned the north must be restrained and conservative in its reproach further union for that was the best way for northerners to regain the good opinion of the south. The main point here is this. Lee has a reput