[inaudible] you change most of the book so it would be his store and not an american retelling it. But you would have a history and so much involvement with stories similar to what you write about. I was wondering how much of this book like you would connect to your own experience of how much is just from knowing people in these situations and just going off of that and come up with their own back stories of . You know, like when im writing sometimes i feel like its as though im standing in a field of kind of kneehigh dry grass. And im trying to my up to clemson ahead and im trying to make a fire. So i am banging this was to get as hard as i can. To flints represent, they are always a real inexpensive mic on something that has happened to me. From those im striking together and trying to make sports. And when i get it right in right in windows works forms will find a light that field on fire. Everything that gets on fire is imagination, but none of it starts without the to flints. The flints are not in the book. On the field on fire is coming but it is the flints that basically gets that fire going. Does that make sense . I think we will wrap up another for those of you thank you so much, elliott. [applause] elliott action as a train to catch, but there is can we about five or so minutes and you will come to the front and for those of you who didnt get your book signed, we will make time to do that. And have a great evening. Thank you so much for coming. [applause] every weekend booktv offers programming focus on nonfiction authors and books. Keep watching for more on cspan2 come and watch any of our past programs online at booktv. Org. Spiff about to speak a bit about hitler. Hitlers image has changed over the years. Today hitlers attempted extermination of the jewish race takes center stage. So it is easy to forget that its just as methodical but killing off the slavs and he was possibly even more efficient. He killed 27 million russians 16 of the population. He boasted a plan to turn russia and poland into slave nations the Company Announced would be very different for me conflict in the west. And poland was the only country outside the fatherland were death camps were constructed. To serve a dual purpose of finishing off russians as well as polls, three of the polish death camps were built virtue on the polish russian border. He instructed his general to level leningrad to target the buildings. His directive was quote, it is intended to surround the city and then raise it to the ground. Requests to be allowed to surrender will be rejected. We have no interest in preserving me part of the population of that largest city. Hitlers master plan called for the uprooting of the remaining polish ukrainian, belarusian and russian to replace them with germans and produce bounty harvest for for for the growing germination. Given this mindset, it followed that all russian soldiers taken prisoner were routinely brutalized, tended to open fields can sometimes start to death to death by exposure had not killed enough of them. More than half of the russian soldiers that were captured died. Another area of the agreement roosevelt and stalin discovered was a both polygamous and a matter of time no matter what postwar measures were taken before germany went again rise up. Stalin sought from fdr and alliance that would stop working with the next tech the fdr natives and it dovetails with this mindset. He kept emphasizing that the four powerful nations come where the four policemen would later take form with the addition of france as the permanent members of the Security Council would ride herd on the rest of the nations. At the tehran conference rosa was housed in the russian embassy. He assumed by the way that is rooms would be bugged. Stalin developed a habit of dropping by his room to make sure he was being well taken care of. A woman who spoke english remembered that she happened to see stalin one morning when he was somewhere fdrs suite come and, obviously, intent on visiting the president. She translated stalin asked, may i come in . Roosevelt said well. The conversation began with stalins simple questions to roosevelt or how are you . Did you have a good sleep . The president replied yes i had a good sleep. I like it here. However, the frogs kept croaking in the pot and i could not fall asleep. I turned around and said to her and look at stalin and agitation i forgot what was the russian for frog. I said those little yellow animals croaking in the pond did not let the president of the u. S. A. Sleep. According to her, all the frogs were killed. Before the final session at tehran can fdr decide to approach stalin at stalin had approached him. Fdr felt he needed back into the city make stalin except the planes which included an acceptance of power restraints. On the last full day at tehran to me went about getting it in his own peculiar way. As was later told Frances Perkins and his secretary of labor, finally, the first woman in a cabinet position he felt drastic measures were called for because otherwise what we were doing could have been done by the foreign ministers. His campaign to get personal with stalin was that churchills expense. As they entered the Conference Room from fdr recounted, i just a moment to say to him, winston i hope you will not be sort me for what im going to do. Or choose reduction had been to shift his sigar in his mouth and grunt. As soon as they receded about the table rows of recounted to perkins, i talked privately to stalin. I didnt do anything that i hadnt said before but it appeared quite chummy and confidential. Enough so that the other russians joined us to listen. Still, no smile from stalin. And i said, licking my hand up to cover whisper, which, of course, had to be interpreted, winston is so cranky this morning, he got up on the wrong side of bed. A vague smile passed over stalins eyes and i decided i was on the right track to begin to tease that churchill about his britishness, about his cigars, about his habits. They begin to register with stalin. Winston got red and scowled and the more he did so the more stalin smiled. Finally, stalin broke out into a deep hearty laugh, and for the first time in three days i saw life. I kept it up until stalin was laughing with me and then it was that i called him uncle joe. You would have thought me fresh the day before, but that day he laughed and came over and shook my hand. From that time on, relations were personal. You can watch this and other programs online at booktv. Org. Welcome to st. Augustine florida, on booktv. Founded in 15 certificate is the oldest continuously occupied european settlement in the United States. With help of our contact Cable Partners of the next 90 minutes we will speak with local authors as one about the city of some of its historic including a look at Henry Flagler to develop the east coast of the state into a tourist destination. Destination. He realized he needed to own the railroad between jacksonville and Saint Augustine to ensure that guests could get to his hotel conveniently. He built the First Railroad bridge across the st. Johns river in jacksonville so the people could make it from new york to st. Augustine without changing trains. Later we will visit the st. Augustine the Historical Society. We had a wide range of material. For example, with the first journal for the city council under the United States territorial act. We have a small war journal. We also have a fascinating little piece which was a st. Augustine link and it relates to warren g. Harding. The first weeks for the mission of Nombre De Dios and learn about the franciscan monks who help settle the area. Next on booktv former Navy Seal Sniper and iraq we are at the mission grounds, mission is Nombre De Dios. It is the place where in september of 1565 menendez the first explore here to this part of the state landed here not far from us and celebrated the first mass here at this site. This area has been a shrine for many, many years and is particularly important, if you notice behind the church come this is the church that is dedicated to our lady. Our lady of the mill and it was a devotion that was about the Roman Catholic world but in particular it was brought from spain in the 1600s rod over from spain and was put in this area, a this area, statue, it became a very popular site for those who wanted to come to pray in general in both support of mary but in particular it became well known for those who are struggling to conceive. And it was a natural link and between mothers and this site. Its particularly important i think in light of the people that lived in this area because it is every we have different groups of Indigenous Peoples and among them in their culture pass power through the maternal line. Of power was passed through the maternal line which meant that the role of the women was very important to the tribes the nco as christianity was introduced here come the devotion to mary not only reflected a catholic view of the world and the role of mary that it has special link i believe with the peoples of this area recognized the importance of mothers in their tribal culture. The purpose was for many years there have been attempts to have the spanish cell in florida, and the attempts failed for various reasons. The french had established an outpost in the area of jacksonville and it was a group of french come and the spanish wanted to make sure that the french didnt gain a foothold here. In august and is a police is important when you think about trade. Because this wouldve been a place where potentially a treasure galleons that were coming from the caribbean would pass by in this area before they would head out over the ocean. So there was a Strategic Point of being here but its important to remember that all politics and economics were crucial factors there was also a religious mandate that Pedro Menendez had received from the king that he was supposed to evangelize, nor did he was supposed to bring the catholic faith to the people here. And so this was the intent that he right from the very beginning established. Franciscans who although a doctor francis of assisi a very small town north of rome. Francis was an up and coming business man took his father was inin the cloth trade. He had a remarkable encounter outside of the walls of the city one day with the lepers and he was struck by the lepers and was moved in some mysteries ways, he says to exchange his riches whether poverty pics we begin to live and work with the lepers and pretty soon any number of young people from sec both men and women were inspired to follow. What happened was very very quickly this movement, this local movement from this Old Town North of rome began to spread very rapidly through europe. By the time of Columbus Columbus himself had been highly influenced by the franciscans to estimate effective in consultation with them prior to his coming to the United States. So the franciscans and if youre the franciscan view of life is something that was very well known by columbus and the spanish royalty were very much in favor of getting the franciscans to come to the new world. So with that can menendez had some contact with franciscanscome and through the king of spain was able to appeal to the franciscans to come. So what happens is in 1573 12 franciscans show up at this is not by chance that there are 12. Is very much model of the 12 disciples which premiered earlier in mexico in the very famous historical circumstances and franciscan studies the first 12 apostles went to mexico to begin to evangelize there. So the friars team had established their first outpost which was the content in town convent. We did do this book on the spanish borderlands franciscans in california, arizona, texas and florida. What marx marks and distinctions the franciscan experience in florida is that when they arrived here they encountered a group of people that add a class structure that they could relate to. In other words, there was a clear hierarchical order to the indigenous societies. So the spanish made an effort to recognize the individual classes and offered corresponding rewards, gifts if you will a recognition of their status within the society. Which meant that as opposed to some other areas they were able to integrate into the society fairly easily compared to some other parts proud of the country or of the new world. What happened here is that the franciscans were following intentionally or not the early model of francis of assisi who said she should go is one of the ways of proclaiming the gospel is to go and live with the people. What we find is instead a big monastery being built and Indigenous Peoples been brought to the monasteries, the franciscans went out pretty much often one by one come live in some of these different villages and formed what were called where they would teach the doctrine of the faith in the village and then they had numerous places, outlying areas where they would go to visit and proclaim the faith. So it would be i think, would not be true to say there were no problems, no struggles, in contrast and comparison to different franciscan evangelization efforts come as close Something Special happened here in florida. Franciscans who were here, especially people like the introduced a way of writing so that they were able to put their spoken language into a written form with the grand which means it is the first indigenous written grammatical language in the United States. So it was not simply standing on a Street Corner and preaching to it was a whole educational system that the franciscans have set up and decided already in spain, and this was a worldwide effort because nations are going on in peru going on in the philippines and the same things are kind of either they were doing here which means you have native indigenous authors in florida already around 1600 which has really changed our understanding of the Indigenous People of the area. When you spend so of course they would have symbols, and there was a symbol of the cross that was here and the spanish would kneel before and kiss it. We see Indigenous Peoples here also doing the same thing. In other words they connect religion or worship if you will do particular symbols. So that was one way that they communicated. Records from the different churches in this area over 200 years the franciscans were here, not just franciscans there were secular priests as welcome we recognize the rollout of images and statues here. In other words, the churches were clearly filled with paintings, statues. So that was one of the most if you will direct ways of transmitting the faith through the visual. Also we have reports, we have records that the spanish also introduced the Indigenous Peoples to music. Music became an incredible way of transmitting the faith that because they would sing. This is a very franciscan wakeup evangelization goes back to francis of a sissy, the first into a literary piece. Franciscans have been sent for had that since i believe that they still do that language is a very important part of praising god, spreading the faith your music, poetry, all these giveaways that you can get people involved with the word become essential to evangelization. So that if you will prided themselves i think in a certain way and indigent in time and time in the chronicles and letters that they made a special effort to learn the language of the people. So we know from different accounts that there were any number of franciscans who were at least able to function, divided up into different dialects, but a number of franciscans were able to preach, teach in those languages. This is the longest continuing city, colonial city in the United States. Another part of the stored a signature before that the franciscans were your two centuries before the franciscans arrived to evangelize in california. Occulter can remember, 200 years is a pretty decent period of time. So for 200 years, almost two centuries there was a thriving if you will multiethnic culture that was filtered through spanish piety, spanish politics from spanish economics and it still shows not only if you look at some of the places, but the whole layout of the city the practice is is a wonderful wonderful place we can see how the other story of the United States, which is not told from is incredibly important. Its important not just because of what it says about florida and the United States, because of the international dimension. This place was come along for internationalization became sort of a buzzword, this place was marked by different peoples as i mentioned, ethnic groups cultures, languages, trade and religion. This weekend booktv is in st. Augustine, florida, with help of our local cable partner comcast. Next we visit the st. Augustine Historical Societys Research Library with chief library bob nawrocki. We are standing today at the kirby smith after this was built in 1780, and the building was given to the st. Augustine Historical Society, and in march 3, 1995 a Historical SocietyResearch Library opened up in this building. Today with a wide range of material, for example we have led to art that was done by those held captive in the four to 40 marion. Where the seminal war journal. We have a fascinating little piece which is which has a st. Augustine link and it relates to warren g. Harding. We also have the first of journal for the city council under United States territorial act, and almost from the first day that the society was founded we have been trying to collect documents images and other material relating to the history. St. Augustine was founded 450 years ago this year. At its of