the candidates seeking office. , a lot ofly stunning effort is being put into the sheer mechanics of raising money. host: sarah from vernon, new york on the independent line. caller: good morning, how are you? guest: hello. caller: i would like you to explain to the american public what a call center is. from what i understand, listening to 60 minutes and different programs like that, a senator or representative is required to spend two hours a day calling their constituents to raise money for their party. , if they spent two hours a day trying to pass bills for the american public. that i've been watching news for a long time and i've never heard about call centers until this year when 60 took us into them and show them what they look like. guest: i didn't see this 60 minutes episode, but call centers are a fact of life and they are very active in the fundraising for political campaigns. about specific requirements of two hours a day, but it would not surprise me that really prominent members of the political party, part of their mission is to raise money for the effort. it's interesting. what happens between now and the next presidential campaign in four years? guest: it keeps dribbling in as tax returns come in. april, which was of course the filing deadline for taxes. aboutwas a little bump of $12 million. in may, when some of the people dragging along like i happen to be this year, another $9 million. it will continue. the extended deadline is october, so you will be seeing little amounts of money come into that bond throughout the process. and then, you will get to the next election and you will have a bigger chunk. host: what is the participation rate like for the people checking the box? guest: it is a little over 5%. i got a tweet this morning from people actually still check that box? i think a lot of people do it without any -- without any idea of where the money is going. ec will say they're worried that there's not enough education about the fund and how it could be used. host: if you want to learn more about the fund, you can read in the the article atlantic, the price of public money. written by our guest followed by a discussion on the women's foreign policy summit on terrorism and refugees. affairsurden -- veteran effort on remobilization effort. british prime minister david cameron and labor party leader led the house of commons tribute in honor of labor mp jo cox was recently murdered. the 40 minute portion also includes a marked by house of commons speaker john burke out and members of parliament. this death, in this manner, of this person, our democratic elected colleague is particularly shocking and repugnant. jo of us who came to know during her all too short service in this house became swiftly aware of her outstanding qualities. she was caring, eloquent, principled, and wise. all, she was filled with, and fueled by love for humanity. devoted to her family and a relentless campaigner for equality, human rights, and social justice. she was proud to be the member where she had her roots. she was determined to live life to the full. she succeeded superbly. course murdered in the of her duty, serving constituents in need. them just as she fought for others at home and abroad. poverty,f discrimination, or injustice. this strikes not aty at an individual, but our freedom. that is why we assemble here redoubleonor jo and to our dedication to democracy. i called the leader of the opposition, jeremy corbyn. >> thank you, mr. speaker. doing what all of us here do, representing and serving the people who elected her. own andlost one of our our society as a whole has lost one of our very best. she spent her life serving and campaigning for other people whether as a worker or oxford, or the anti-slavery charity, the freedom front of the political activist and a feminist. the horrific act that took her from us was an attack on democracy. on no-call country. shocked and saddened. the day since, the country has also learned something of the extraordinary humanity and compassion which drove her political activity and beliefs. believe in not just loving her neighbor, she believed in loving her neighbors neighbor. she saw a world of neighbors. she believed every life counted equally. in a very moving tribute, kate allen, the director, her campaign on refugees syria, and the rights of women and girls made her stand out as an mp who always put the lives of the most honorable at the heart of her work. her former colleague at the freedom fund, said she was a powerful champion. she spoke out in support of refugees the palestinian people and against islamophobia in this country. her integrity and talent was known by everyone in this house. which hemmunity proudly represented the past year. it was by community that brought her up as well as a wonderful family to whom we share her grief. and the whole country has been united in grief. rejecting the well of hatred that killed her. and what is increasingly appears enact of extreme political violence. we are filled with sorrow for her husband and junk children. they will never see her again. but they can be so proud of everything she was, all she achieved, and all she stood for, as we are. as are her parents. as is her sister and whole wider family. thisuld have been 42 wednesday. she had much more to give. and much more that she would have achieved. i want to thank the heroes who try to intervene. bernard kenny, a 77-year-old er saw the need and ran to her aid. he was stabbed and taken to the hospital. i'm sure the whole house will join me in wishing mr. kenny a speedy recovery. many shopkeepers and bystanders also try to help. administered first aid to both jo and bernard. the police officers who made the and healthrrest officers on the scene so quickly. in her maiden speech last her, she said this, our community have been deeply enhanced by immigration. diversity, what surprises me time and time again, as i travel around the constituency is that we are former united and have far more in common with each other than things that divide us. we need a time and gender politics. -- kinder and gentler politics. we call of the responsibility not to whip up hatred or subdivision. -- sew division. thank you, mr. speaker and peggy to the prime minister into rose me to for accompanying the vigil last friday in bristol. at the statue in the center of the lovely town. moved by thee unity and warmth of the crowd brought together in grief and solidarity. i have been very moved by the public outpourings since her death. the hundreds of letters and e-mails we have all received and s family andith jo' her our agreed. our of grief. h night, we held a vigil outside our townhouse -- townhall. one of hundreds of vigils attended by tens of thousands of people right across our land were so shocked by what has happened and what to express their shock and grief. i also into the other party have offered their sympathy and support at this very difficult time. united in grief at her loss. killing isaware, her an attack on on democracy. it is an attack on our whole society. as an honorable friend who wrote recently, her life was a demonstration against despair. in her tragic death, we can come together and change our politics, to tolerate a little more and condemn a little less. said, joving husband believed in a better world and she fought for it every day of her life with an energy and a zest for life that would exhaust most people. today, we remember her compassion and her passion to and in hertter world honor, mr. speaker, we recommit ourselves to that task. >> the prime minister. >> thank you, mr. speaker. we are here today to remember an extra ordinary colleague and friend. she was the voice of compassion and an era possible spirit and ballas energy lit up the lives of all those who knew her and save the lives of many she never met. today, we grieve her lost and we hold in our hearts and prayers her husband, parents and sister and her two children who are three and five years old. we express our anger at the sickening and despicable attack that killed her as she did her job serving her constituents. only during the leader of the opposition in his moving words in praising bernard kennedy and all those who try to save her. above all, we pay tribute to a loving, determined, passionate and progressive politician who could miser is the best of humanity and prove so often the power of politics to make our world a better place. in 2006 in jo darfur. she was doing what she was so brilliant that. working in one of the most dangerous parts of the world fighting for the lives of refugees. her decision to welcome me, leader of the opposition, was not welcomed by all her colleagues and friends. but it was typical of her determination to reach across party lines on issues that she felt were so much more important than party politics. she was a humanitarian to her core, a passionate and brilliant campaigner whose great and determination to fight for justice saw her time and time again driving issues new gender and making people listen and act . drawn attention to complex in sudan and the democratic republic of congo. helping to expose the despicable practices of rape and for. her work with sarah brown on cutting mortality and childbirth. the support for refugees fleeing syria. quite suddenly, there are people on our planet today who are only here in the live because of jo. mr. speaker, she was a committed democrat and passionate feminist. she spent years in courting and -- encouraging and supporting women to stand for office long before she did to herself. when she herself was elected as an mp over a year ago, she said to one of her colleagues that she did not want to be known for flying around the world tackling international issues, but she had a profound to do to stand up absoluteople and was as good as her word. este said in her maiden speech, she was proud to be made in yorkshire and to serve the area where she grew up. she belonged there and her constituency of multiethnic communities, she made people feel that they belonged, too. her politics were inspired by love and the outpouring and unity of the tributes we have seen in the past few days should be extraordinary reach and impact of her message. showedembering her, we today what she said to be true. it will be quoted many times a day. we are former united and far more in common with each other than things that divide us. this wednesday, as leader of the opposition says, it would have been her 42nd birthday. it will be a global celebration of her life and values, , she should events have been celebrating her birthday by hosting her traditional summer solstice already and it reminds us -- party and it reminds us behind the terminable professional was a loving and fun mother, daughter, sister and friend with a warm, welcoming smile and so often, laughter in her voice. jo brought people together and solve the best in people. she sought out the best in them. she was never adopted. -- daunted. when most people hear the place of the accessible pinnacle, they leave it alone. not her. she climbed it and then sailed down it and did so despite a bad case of morning sickness. it was her irrepressible spirit becky for such determination and focus in politics, too. a conservative colleague of mine said this weekend, if you lost your way for a moment and the cut and thrust of political would remind jo you why he went into politics in the first place. there have been so mean moving tributes the past few days that if i may, i would like to quote from somebody already mentioned, jo, weorable member, mourn your loss and know all you support was a breakable. we promise to stand up even though we are broken. we promise that we will never be cowered by hate. mr. speaker, may we and the generations of members that follow us, honor her memory by proving that the democracy and freedom's she stood for are indeed unbreakable by continuing to stand up for our constituents and by uniting, against the hate that killed her, today and forever more. >> rachel read. thank you, mr. speaker. i've come today to honor a friend and colleague. along with shock, anger, and group, i have so many fond memories of jo. we knew each other for around 10 years. i knew her husband for longer than that. we first met about 18 years ago. it was there him that i met joe. .iron mountain coming out to dinner at the house of my husband and i and often seen them. remember worrying that i had drunk too much wine early in the evening until i realized -- [laughter] i remember talking with her about her future shortly after i became an mp. she was thinking about standing for parliament and spent the day shadowing me in my constituency talking to constituents about the problems, campaign with party members. by the end of the day, a lot of people weren't sure who the mp was and who is doing the shadowing. jo had a way with people and relating with people from all walks of life and had a real way of doing that. her main hesitation about the parliamentary career was her young family. she word, as many of us do, about whether you could be a great mom at the same time. when it came up to represent her she found a special responsibility to step up and do what she could for the place where she was born, grew up and went to school. a place to call home. she wanted to make the world more fair, equal, more tolerant. we all have better instincts. she appealed to our better instinct. speech, that her maiden we have in common is greater than what divides us. than 24y morning, but hours after jo was killed. i sat in a coffee shop a few minutes away from where she had been murdered. a woman came over to me and said, she did not know jo but her death had made her want to be a bit more like her. other person, but her mother, but her daughter, better wife. after covering the world for some of the most war-ravaged places in the world, she died so new to her. but she died doing the job she loved in the place she loved representing the people she loved. her mom and dad said to me, that she would not have changed a thing. she lived the life you want to do it and get, and her moms words, she had so much more that she could have done. she was struck down much too soon. it now falls on all of us, the movement i would bet in the coffee shop, her friend, carry on her work. to combat hatred and injustice. to serve others with love. that is the best way that we can remember jo and all that she stood for. this, we willay go on to elect a new mp, but no one can replace the mother. >> andrea mitchell. mourn speaker, today we the terrible loss of our friends and callie -- colleague jo murdered as she went about her duties last thursday. the life had been taken of a truly exceptional woman whose goodness and passionate dedication to humanitarian values has inspired us all. i knew her as a friend. how one bearable it must be for those who mourn her as a doctor, sister, -- daughter, sister, wife and mother. i first met her 10 years ago in london when we marched against injustice in darfur. she helped develop a central human material role for oxford. opposition washe with her and other human turn workers and witnessed her crucial role in supporting women and children in procuring water for thousands of refugees. ,he gave me the green wristband i wear it still. to ensure that we remember the desperate people caught up in what president bush described as a genocide. amongst her many friends and colleagues, and the international humanitarian and development family, all around the world, which she was such a respected and experienced member. she will be mourned and remembered as a staunch friend of the most desperate and deprived of the world and as a campaigner against injustice. justshe entered this house 13 short months ago, she rapidly used her deep knowledge to champion the dispossessed. figure tipsr to her but recklessly dismissive from political maneuvering which he saw as a barrier to progress. cause with a crusty old tory, she and i became cochairs. she was brave. her energy and effectiveness were an inspiration. we invited ourselves to be with the russian ambassador in his residence. with clever charm and steely determination, this five foot bungle wrestled him down for his country's cruelty and cynicism in korea -- syria. i do not believe the russian ambassador would forget that visit. i think there are many things jim would want us to remember this afternoon. i have just mentioned to. i do not believe he would want this bile and unspeakable act to change the open and accessible relationship we enjoy with our constituents. all of us take the advice of our local police in protecting those who work and support us. frankly, the records show -- thankfully, the records show these attacks are infrequent. secondly, joe would want us in this house to redouble our efforts to resolve the greatest catastrophe of our age, the crisis in syria were the lives of more than 11 million people have been ruined by the international community has shown itself disorganized, ineffective, and sublime. mr. speaker, i mourn jo today as a friend and as a colleague, but most of all i mourn for her as a mother whose two gorgeous charten will now have to life without the love and support of their wonderful, lovely, mum. >> harriet harman. >> thank you, mr. speaker. the 2010know her after election. she would regularly wrist into my office with that extraordinary energy that she had and tell me all that they were doing to help labor women get elected to parliament, to give women a bigger post in the party and so many labor women here in this chamber today were elected in 2015 and so deeply are mourning her life that women under the leadership of her, help and support it. not long after she had her son, she gave to give me one of those regular briefings and the baby came too. the reverend because she literally do not stop kissing it through the meeting. when she had her daughter, she was still there for the women who were tried to become campaigners. and urging them to try again if they did not make it. her feminism, her solidarity with other women was a thread that ran through her and all her work in the community and humanitarian causes. she always said to me emphatically that her children for her priority above everything. there was no dividing lines between her maternal heart and her great political heart. her children will grow up to know what an amazing woman their mother was. she is such a great loss to our politics and any replaceable loss to family to whom we send a heartfelt sympathy. >> mr. speaker. an amazing woman. she was one of those. she was clearly a remarkable person. mr. speaker, these are not my comments, although i clearly concur with them, these were just some of the many comments i heard from constituents and from those i met over the weekend. mr. speaker, conscious of time and wanted to ensure her front of the opportunities to speak, i make sure this hard for contribution on behalf of my fellow yorkshire mps. i met her just a year ago. it was not long after the general election and we were both appearing on the region politics show. upon arriving, i was taken to the makeup room where she was already sitting in the chair. in this essay, i had to spend a lot longer in the chair than she did. [laughter] in, she looked at me and greets me with the wonderful smile that lit her face. in that instance, that split second, i knew this was someone i was going to like enormously, and i was not wrong. i recorded the program and it was clear we agreed with each other on a number of issues and i'm sure the lack of political argument came as a huge disappointment for the producer. a testament for who joe was. she got her point across effectively and comic without the need for talking over people because when she spoke, people listened. she was always passionate about the issues she cared about, never afraid to stand up to those she felt had no voice, that she was also a proud yorkshire woman in our county is proud of her. in bristol and vastly this weekend, it was clear that her constituents loved her and everyone i spoke .o had mr., -- met her as the attributes increased, he gets is the outpouring of love for her and on friday, some 2000 people from all places packed into the center with tributes after tributes spoke of the qualities of one of the most outstanding members this house has. when he described her as a rising star. personally, i think she was a star. top.-- star full s powerful and passionate. and the maiden speeches, we heard about how we are far more united and how far more we have in common than the things that divide us. in everything she did, she promoted those values. she united communities in time paying for things that highlighted the unified call to she cared to passionately about. in these last few days, i have been amazed at the kindness and love expressed on social media, , the bankonversations #.r -- thankyourmp do what sheving to successfully did for so much of her life. i'm not alone in saying i will miss her. i will miss her compassion, her ,etermination, her conviction and above all, i will miss her smile. weatherbee as they pass each other in the corridor or from across the chamber. lass. a proud yorkshire my only regret is that i only knew her for a year. >> stephen kinnick. >> thank you, mr. speaker. jo and i have been friends for over 20 years and we had a wonderful 12 months sharing offices. she sees my cupboard as a wardrobe that whatever forget her dashing around in her cycling gear grabbing her close and shouting something over her project but her latest or campaign. she often brought her lovely children into the office with her and if i was lucky, i would get a dinosaur drawing or chance to read a story. they were wonderful kids. the murder of her is a national catchy. we must also remember the unspeakable suffering this has caused. the family has lost a loving mother, wife, sister. cox never fought for what she believed. she example five the best values of our party and country. compassion, mutate, solidarity, internationalism and she put her convictions to work for everyone she touched. violence and injustice everywhere. on thursday, she was assassinated because of what she and what she stood for. out of the deep darkness of her death, must now come the shining light of her legacy. let us build politics out of ope, not hate. unity, not the vision. -- division. ofy post on the streets britain that demonized refugees. hungry, terrified children. she would have responded with outrage and with a robust rejection of the calculated narrative of cynicism, division and despair. she understood that rhetoric has consequences. when insecurity, fear and anger are used to light if used then an explosion is inevitable. tribute, hemoving urged the people tonight and fight against the hatred that killed jo. is the politics of division and fear. the incendiary slogans and rhetoric of twisting patriotism of love of country into an ugly clothing of others. loathing of others. we must now stand up for something better because of someone better. cox, we mustf jo not let this atrocity intimidate democracy. we must now work to build a more respectful and united country because this is our time to honor the legacy of the proud yorkshire lass dedicated her life to the common good and he was so truly taken away from us in the prime of life. jo cox, we love you and salute you and will never forget you. cox was a politician that spanned continents and political parties. amongst other causes, she campaigned alongside many of us on behalf of people with autism and upon her death, we have lost a positive advocate. in 1992, i set alongside the first woman mp. surgery for 13 years. jo exchanged letters with which he was still at school. she had been shocked to the core by this tragedy. she asked me to say that the attack on jo was an attack on our democracy and very basis of our political system. she will more the loss of an outstanding friend and politic. the family will more her as irreplaceable. we will mourn a woman of talent and humanity. a rising star and bright light whose voice may now be extinguished, but whose spirit minimizes our democracy will not be forgotten. -- the pitta misers -- ep itomizes our democracy will not be forgotten. >> this will be the hardest speech i will ever give, however it was not difficult to write because there was so much i wanted to say. best. was the very she measured well have been small, and politics and life she packed a punch. withame into this place passion and energy. from the very start she had a clarity of what she wanted to achieve. when needed to change and she was not going to waste any time getting on with it. she knew that people were talking on her cannot afford to wait. should her experiences of working in some of the most dangerous places in the world made her desperately bondable in front of the basic you and her. it meant that when she spoke come people listened. they wait to what she had to say. she was offered to set and she had a vision of a world better than the one which was taken from her. support in the most collegiate of ways reflected in the tributes paid her. i remember telling her that every day you are not peak, a day you can make a difference. nobody embodied that sentiment more than jo. with friends and colleagues, speak candidly about the challenges, the pressures of being a diligent and effective member of parliament. , a difficult balance to strike. it was not. she was not -- she managed to reconcile being both a hero of our movement and been incredibly down-to-earth. you only have to hear her speak to know that her roots were firmly in her home. she was a daughter of yorkshire. i will remember her in many different ways. .he spoke of her predecessors alluding to the fact that he had been credited with bringing down the government. i would not be all surprised she had become increasingly notice -- nevis. vous. i also remember her t wonderedcling ki where she felt the energy. our member here the trial and revelations of protection eating food. i remember her warmth, spirit. those of us who had the pleasure of her company, as she hosted an event to mark our first year in office on tuesday of last week. we will be eternally grateful to those treasured memories and the chance to be together one last time. she was a comment, running rightly, lighting up the dark, all inspiring given off sparks of light and energy anywhere she would go. i cannot think of a better way to describe her. soul andhe heart and we are heartbroken. we loved her everyday and we will miss her every day. she inspired us all and i swear that we will do everything in our power to make her and her family incredibly have -- proud. >> coming up tonight, president obama talks about investing in u.s. businesses fall by a discussion of the women's forum pultegroup summit on terrorism and refugee. mcdonald onrobert the va modernization efforts. c-span's washington journal live everyday with news and policy issues that impact you. tuesday morning, mark price with the economic policy institute discusses the new report looking at income inequality in all 50 states and how it has grown in recent decades. then former republican encouragement and potential candidate ron paul will be on to talk about gun and privacy laws in the wake of the orlando shooting. and offer his opinion on the state of the 2016 campaign. seniorid rucker, correspondent from the washington examiner and will discuss business of the dismissal of corey lewandowski of the campaign of donald trump. live at summit talk a.m. on tuesday morning. -- 7:00 a.m. on tuesday morning. her testimonye before the senate banking committee live at the clock a.m. stern. eastern.a.m. >> something i would love to do and something that i think could be different from the kinds of books written about macarthur in the past. q&a, marthaght on and her and takes a look at the life and career of u.s. army general douglas macarthur in his book. >> one of the things about macarthur that you have to say, he saw the future more clearly off and then he saw the present. whether it was america's role in the, the rise of china, split between china and the soviet union she foresaw, but also, perhaps, the state of american domestic policy. >> sunday night at iraq eastern on c-span's human day. c-span'sastern on q&a.n day -- >> if you could choose any place and time to invest your business says precious resources -- businesses precious resources, i believe he would choose right here and right now. [applause] if you choose a place to expand your portfolio, to place your plant, topen up a start building the next great business or service, you would select the usa. nowhere in the world and never in history has ever been a better place to grow your business. here is why. never before has the united states recorded 75 straight months of private sector job growth. never before has our graduation -- high school graduation rate and higher preparing students for college. never before have we insured more than 90% of our citizens missing the slowest growth in the price of health care in 50 years. that is important -- [applause] that is important for a whole host of reasons including the fact that healthier workers are more productive workers and better consumers and more affordable health care makes it easier for your business is to add jobs and pay good wage. never before have we had such high standard free-trade agreements that level the playing field and when complete, when we have got it done, the trans-pacific partnership with the more to lower the cost of exporting, eliminating taxes and custom duties in raising intellectual property standards that will take data and ideas and jobs. nowchoose right here, right because no other economy is so .rucial for the global economy no other country can add more innovation to your business. or bring your innovative products to more markets. no country has as many top universities, the country invest more in research and develop than we do. in fact, americans are responsible for one quarter of the world's rnd investments. no country can match our competitiveness in cutting-edge manufacturing. no country is home to more entrepreneurs or more supercomputing. no country has done more to build a culture of making and tinkering and entrepreneurship and innovation and invention. no other country is home to more foreign direct invest -- investment in the united states of america. over the last four years, no other country has been named by ceo's across the world more for truly has the best place to invest with confidence. all of this is for a good reason. thearge part because decisions we have made to the financial crisis to build our country on a new foundation for the future. no country on it that are positioned for the long run in the united states. we've doubled our production of clean energy. as we continue to produce traditional energy sources at the next order pace which means energy costs are lower than they are in many other places around the world. law, armature capital markets, all these things contribute to a short area is to do business. that is a good sales pitch. i don't mind being america's pitch and -- man. [applause] and someone months or so -- seven months or so, i will be out of the job market. [laughter] i'm glad i went to be here. i will get on linkedin and see what comes up. [laughter] the truth is, it is easy to make of case and it is one each the economic organizations who can make as well. behind it are the most talented, most innovative workers in the world. american workers. that is why several years ago we took the advice of the ceos are much our counsel and started select usa. 18 that wakes up every morning. [applause] 18 that wakes up every morning with one mission to bring jobs to america from overseas. they connect foreign investors local american markets make it easier for you to build a factory in the united states. making it easier for you to get american workers researching, developing, making and marketing product. businessorld, where does not stop at borders and when trade is how we shape the economy to our vintage, -- advantage, the term global -- global supply chains being tied into every element of our lives, these partnerships are the keys to success for all of us. no matter where we live. the letter if you are a small startup or a major multinational. economic development expert knows, communities that open the doors before an investment create more jobs than those that don't. since we held the first select usa summit three years ago, is a penny companies have invested more than $10 billion and 35 u.s. states and territories. [applause] lot of them met at this event. the exhibition hall or through select usa online matchmaking program. summit, an italian tissue company started a conversation with folks from central ohio and the next month, they are breaking ground in the town of circleville on a facility that will create hundreds of jobs in the part of america and west end. it will be the largest ever sector investment in circleville in decades and it started right here at select usa. [applause] at that same summit, agricultural tech company from india met economic development representatives from missouri and within a year, the company to established its headquarters and, we want more success doors like this. we want more of you to invest in america. the we are ready to welcome more of the jobs you help create just as you are ready for american customers to help you succeed global. i believe in investing in the united states is the best this is decision you can make. -- business decision you can make. investment is always about the future. as proud as we are about the investment we have made an elected years, we are running up the score. we are not resting on our laurels. partnershipse specializing in game changing technologies like 3-d putting, the next generation of tech class, today i'm proud to announce and i've held in los angeles that will provide smart sensors to make manufacturing more efficient. we have more hubs on the way. these institutes are new, but the innovators do incredible doing incredible things are who we have always been as american truth of his -- that is why i my desk, i keep bottles of patents on my desk. i'm confident it will endure after i leave office. i also note that the longer i talked, the less time you have to make deal with the folkss around you. let me remind you that this is not just about jobs and trade, it is not just about hard cold cash. it is also about building relationships across borders. when your companies come together, you help bring countries and cultures together. degenerate greater understanding among people from different parts of the world. it is one of the most important things that you produce. you should never underestimate the value. when there is strong pushback and a lot of corners of this processinst of globalization, at a time when, as i have argued, should the united states and overseas, thatpeople are concerned that the process of technology and innovation and globalization may be leaving some people behind, at a time when we have inattentiveindful to the concerns -- and attentive to the concerns of those who are not that a fitting into their wages and incomes go up as quickly as others, and at a time when the advanced economies in particular have to guard against a winner take all economy in .hich inequality grows despite those legitimate concerns that have to be addressed, to give workers greater voice to make sure living wages are paid and working conditions are strong, the is also true is that ability for us to trade and good business and to integrate our companies and people learning from each other and innovation spreading and connecting the of prosperitys andreductions of poverty ultimately, less likelihood of four, violence -- war, violence and conflict, it is something that can help us advance all of our countries at the same time. it is something that we have to nurture and value. the world is smaller. smaller than it used to be. because of innovation and technology and globalization. because of global markets. that is something that can work for everyone if we do it right. been part of the premise of select usa. when you select usa, when you succeed, you will help ensure that years from now, for the next generation asked itself about the best time to be in business, the best time to be a citizen of this world, they will be happy to answer in their own day right now. so, good luck. i'm rooting for you. make a deal and make that smart choice to invest in the united states of america. we are open for business. god bless you. [applause] thank you very much. god bless the united states of america. [applause] [applause] >> tuesday, a hearing on the progress made on the national public safety network. sciencete commerce and subcommittee meets live at nikon 30 a.m. eastern and you can see it on c-span3. later, philadelphia mayor and democratic convention ceo talks about the planning for july's democratic national convention. we will bring you that briefing live at 2 p.m. eastern on c-span3. at the hill.com, this headline of fired campaign manager koren -- corey lewandowski says donald trump deserves protection. barbecue sack is headed to her in chief of the newspaper. think you for being with us. >> we know that donald trump looks at polls very closely in the polls contrary to his primary bid which was very successful and was led wire-to-wire, he is behind. this is a message to the republican establishment that the change was needed. a shakeup was needed. internally, there were indications that company pfizer paul menard fort -- advisor paul manafort and corey lewandowski, there was tension. alsoig picture, it interesting that this was announced on a monday morning. not announced when you try to bury news on a friday afternoon. was an announcement that this shift is to be turned around and the convention needs to be a good one and they needed to part ways with corey lewandowski. trumpt role did the bogut role in this? >> donald trump is the one who leads his campaign, but he does listen to his daughter ivanka and, frankly, she was urging this move. i think that donald trump was getting it from a number of quarters. there was tension between the republican national committee and the trunk campaign. though started to leak last week. i think corey lewandowski who describes himself as intense rubs people the wrong way and does not have a lot of experience and campaign, certainly not general campaign and high-profile campaigns. honestly, his candidate did that -- did quite well. the republican establishment felt that donald trump is not pivoting to the general election. that he has wasted time over the last month or so. to be fair, the criticism that sometimes has been getting has been aimed at trump, he is the one who is gone after a mexican american judge was born in indiana. that was a controversial issue. he also tweeted after the orlando massacre say thanks for the congratulations, i'm not interested. still, it was not the right tone that republicans felt he used to adopt in the wake of the tragedy. trump, is that donald will he be presidential? he has promised it. he has you did teleprompter a bit. maybe there were some indications that corey lewandowski, he was not able to get through to trump to change to a general election mode for you have to get your base and independents. got to get latino voters. a recent poll has donald trump's disapproval rating among latinos at 89%. those are devastating for a general election candidate. clearly, just less than a month before the convention, we had this major change. without a doubt, this is a key time for the trunk campaign and it will be interesting to see how different is the campaign going to go from here. >> a follow-up on that point, if you consider the three pillars of any campaign, money, message, and a get out the board out the vote -- organization, where does that put the donald trump campaign and their relations with the rnc? >> recently, at least publicly, happened fairly good. priebus is behind donald trump. their country push the trunk campaign that they're going to have to raise a lot of money, indications that hillary clinton and her allies will have $1 billion and cap indicated he would not need that much because he will get a lot of free media time. and that he would only need maybe $300 million. democrats on that as an acknowledge of weakness that they're having trouble getting the money necessary to defeat hillary clinton. i think with the rnc and donald trump, remember, a lot of things have to happen between now and the convention. donald trump has to decide who his vice president pick will be. that's decide what this convention will be about, who will speak how scripted it is going to be in republicans like mitch mcconnell has the critical of donald trump publicly which is very unusual for mitch mcconnell say that donald trump is to get on message. needs to get on message. that is not something we have seen over the last month. >> more details available online at the hill.com. thank you for being with us. >> thank you, steve. >> the political primary season over, c-span3 said the white house takes you to the summers political convention. watch the live coverage from cleveland. i think we're going to go in so strong. >> watch the democratic national invention starting july 25 with live coverage from philadelphia. >> let's go forward, when the nomination and in july, it's return. -- let's return. >> then we take our fight for social and economic and environmental justice philadelphia. every minute of the republican and democratic parties national conventions on c-span, c-span radio and c-span.org. next, a discussion on u.s. foreign-policy and efforts to combat terrorism. the women's foreign-policy group hosted three assistant secretaries of state to discuss obama's president for refugees .his is just over an hour > good afternoon, everyone. welcome back to those attending the luncheon and they welcome to those joining us via c-span. am patricia ellis, president of the women's foreign-policy group which promotes women's leadership and voices on pressing international issues of the day. thethose of you new to group, we encourage you to go to our website or follow us on to learn morep about our work and program. now the exciting part of the celebration of women leaders begins as we have an extremely timely program in store for you regional terrorism, conflicts, my racial challenges in the middle east and africa. with three outstanding women leaders. stateant secretaries of whose bureaus, these issues. and patterson, linda thomas greenfield and and richard -- ann richard. they will be introduced shortly. it is my great pleasure to introduce a good friend of the women foreign-policy group. security, national has been a regular speaker moderator for the vf tg. we appreciate that. thank you so much. [applause] she previously served as your teeth in latin america and london and covering the white house. covering foreign-policy in the intelligence community. as well as assistant managing editor of national news, national editor and foreign editor. of is also the recipient numerous journalist awards for her coverage of international affairs. welcomingn me in dian. d and -- >> thank you, pat. good afternoon. i'm so happy to be back here at such a great occasion and such a great turnout. titlee said, we have a that covers a whole lot of territory today. combating terrorism, regional conflicts and migration conflicts in the little used in africa. east and africa. i hope we can do justice but i don't think we can have a better panel. every time i walk past the sixth corridor in the state department, most of them are women. today, we have three of the most senior and experienced diplomats to take us through some of the most pressing national security issues of our time. i will briefly introduce them. and patterson to the left is a career diplomat who currently serves as assistant secretary of state. before that, i know many of you have not heard for years and many of these positions, she was ambassador for some of the world's most challenging assignments, egypt, pakistan, and servedl salvador with the united nations. in 2008, she was promoted to the rank of career ambassador. the highest rank in the four service. -- foreign service. the middle, flitted thomas grieco. crilly serves as assistant secretary for the bureau of african affairs. she was princely director of the four service, ambassador to bureau and in the population refugees and migration. in 2000, she received the warren christopher award for her work with refugees and has also received the presidential service award. richard has been assistant secretary for the bureau of population refugees and migration. i don't think there could be any more and -- anyone or qualify for the job. qualified for the job. as you know, she helps refugees and internally displaced people and other victims of conflict. before that, she had a number of government diplomatic jobs. i will ask each of you to start with a brief overview of the areas that are of the most concern to the administration. what you spend most of time on them it can have a discussion among ourselves. i will ask an initial round of questions and never will incorporate the questions you write on the card that are on the table. i hope you will all feel free to turn into a real discussion. as comments to what each other says. i will start with the islamic state and extremism because that is an issue to one degree or another that concerns all three of you. the foreign minister of saudi arabia and broke the fight against the islamic state said in a press covers on friday that the dissent document that leaked from the state department last week had his government's absolute support. that document called for a more assertive u.s. role in syria based on the standoff of air weapons that would driving more hard and focused u.s. diplomatic process leveraging the international serious support ofup to end the mass killing civilians and egregious mass killing of human rights reality that myself right now because i want to ask each of you to give introductory comments. [laughter] now you know what the first question is. a thank yout me do for that introduction. and pat ellis. i think she has worked tirelessly to promote this intercession -- organization. let's give her a hand. [applause] this is a very sophisticated audience. you know that there will not be easy answers in this part of the world. the problems we see are a lack of political intimacy. for conflict. particularly conflict between shia and sunni. they have been around a long time and they are now sitting on each other in a very toxic way. region,hroughout the political and legitimacy, order people can't get their voices heard. the lack of institutional structures which was mostly apparent after the fall of gaddafi. there is nothing there except hundreds of tribal militia groups. in the petroleum industry. grievances-standing which have led to four wars and 10 years. newly asserted saudi arabia which is led to a more international conflict. it is not just the lack of civilian institutions, throughout the region and despite decades of u.s. assistance, we see military that can fight with a couple edible exceptions. in syria, an unprecedented level of violence that has led to a refugee crisis. really aggravated by conflict between shiite and sunni. tunisia, i would like to recognize the ambassador with it strong tradition of labor unions and political parties. support seem to be the exception to the trend. we must support tunisia's fragile democratic group with assistant. second, most middle eastern countries have fundamentally cure the staggering demographics for the region. isould argue that it unemployment, there was a major driver of the arab spring. subsidies, like a transparent regulation, and inadequately trained workforce all discouraged investment. middle east to north africa, 62% of the population is under 25 and youth unemployment hovers around putting 5%. youth unemployment hovers around 25%. the situation is only more dire for girls with growing participation in school but lower employment rates. more women in school and then and perform better, but opportunities continue to be limited. we have seen tunisia into a lesser degree morocco and sever of the gulf countries -- several of the gulf countries. arabiawn prince of saudi was here last week promoting a new economic vision for his country to diversify away from oil which will be key for the region. knowing who has worked in the middle east for the past 15 such intensetten sectarian conflict between sunni and shiite between iran and saudi arabia and yemen and syria. finally, violent extremism, the outset of the middle east, eternally getting the most attention in our country. the bulk of the under 30 generation in this region's coming-of-age in society is dominated by political leadership that they cannot change an underperforming economies. the causes of the islamic extremism are many and varied, but without prospects, many of these young men and women are inspired by those who encourage alienation and violence. with religion used as a dark cover. it is not all bleak. there has been very considerable process against isis in both syria, iraq and now libya. it is just territory, money and recruits. there is no question that this deal -- brutal manifestation will be beaten on the battlefield for the 65 member coalition. administration has also tried to shore up its traditional allies by reassuring its friends in the gulf that the nuclear deal with iran does not mean a zero-sum game for relationships with the united states. in recent months, there has been progress in libya and yemen and international efforts that by secretary kerry have led to a very fragile cease-fire and improve the inadequate humanitarian effort. we're try to offer and reform our system programs to promote job training for both men and women. all this will take years and years. the next administration will have to focus on supporting economic and political transformation the region which ultimately will have to be led and there to buy the people of the region themselves. operated by the people of the region themselves. >> let me also start by thanking the women's foreign policy preferred bank yesterday. you are important advocates for the voice of women around the world. to be here to speak to you. today's topic is of central importance for africa and to africans in the coming decade. i know this, i have some of our african ambassadors who today wondering and i will continue to as well. she claims me as well occasionally. how we address africa will overcome will move forward in the future. our goal is to partner with africa to promote democracy, promote peace and promote prosperity. if we are successful, we choose -- issues of terrorism, conflict and migration will be less of a concern. there is a major security and political challenges, i firmly believe that we are making progress. we are making progress that will allow for the continent to prosper it for it to take its rightful place as leaders in the next decade. africa's challenges seem daunting if we depend on the media. and what we are reading. boko haram continues to have a devastating impact in nigeria. we read that in the press on a regular basis. also bob remains a threat in east africa. affiliates. complex in places like south sudan -- conflicts like places in south sudan. growth thatomic robs young africans were education and a better life. challenges with governance and democracy as well. some leaders have shown a propensity to stay in power a bit longer than the constitution allows for the don't have constitutional limits. human rights issues are worrisome and freedom and speech and transparent elections continue to be issues. we havenot enough, diseases such as ebola, you'll keep her and malaria and the effects of el niño. migration issues, which i know will be addressed by my colleague. added to that, population figures as high as 75% under the age of 35 with challenges and opportunities. how do we respond to all of these challenges and focus on the positive agenda? we know we must have a multifaceted response. we know it must be one that addresses the challenges it allows us to take the advantage of a multitude of opportunities. we know the response cannot just focus on peace and security, but must focus on other causes. you know that africans must be part of the solution. in fact, they have to own the solution. going back to our goals of partnered with africa to promote democracy, we are focused on supporting free and fair transparent elections. 17 in africa this year alone, supporting regular democratic transitions of power, free and fair transparent elections and peaceful elections and supporting civil societies and human rights. strengthening these elements of democracy will help lead to long-term stability and elections in nigeria in several places where historic. they show what the possibilities are on the continent of africa. democracy and stability are closely linked. on the peace and security front, we are working with partners both regionally and internationally to respond to the threat of terrorism and insecurity. the auworking to bolster peacekeeping capacity by providing the claimant and providing training for african troops who make up the largest numbers of peacekeepers around the globe. after, we trained more than 27,000 troops in support of u.n. and au missions. we turned about 250,000 since the program started. south the day, our special envoy has worked around the clock to get a peace deal agreed to and signed. how prosperity agenda is equally important. we must help african nations create opportunities for the next generation. we must ensure that africa's youth and country's invested in the u street if they are not invested in, they are prime targets for recruitment by violent extremist groups. all across africa, we are working with governments, urging economic reforms to to the global glove -- growth and working with the private sector to promote investment and you work. -- youth involvement. hosting a second africa business forum september to encourage the private sector. initiative such as power africa mobilizing billions of dollars in investment with government and businesses to add 50 million new electric connections in the next two years. this is key to africa's economic success. we are empowering women and youth throughout africa women's peace initiative. fullomote women's participation in peacekeeping and reconstruction. network ofport a entrepreneurs. the entrepreneurship centers that we have currently in kenya and zambia. the initiate that i think will be a game changer, the president of young african leaders initiative which is bringing 1000 young africans to the united states for academic and leadership training. this is the third iteration of it. we brought 500 and 2014 and 500 and 2015. they're already making a difference on the continent. it is these kind of efforts that boost economic growth and creates opportunity. this is what is required to create global peace throughout the continent of africa. this is what is needed to alleviate refugee crisis and math migration from the continent. there is much more i would like to discuss with you, but i think it is time for me to stop and i look forward to hearing this lecture. [applause] thank you. it is quite an honor for me to be here. i appreciate the women foreign policy group. i have known them for a long time and appreciate the chance to be at my colleagues. this is not happen very often. [laughter] but secretary kerry started, he would come into the room and say ann and i had to train myself not to jump because it was the other ann. [laughter] today is world refugee day, i'm sure you all know that. happy world refugee day. and thinkment to stop of the refugees and think of their plight and to salute those who are survivors who hang in there and restart their lives and make a difference in the places that they go. the seriousness today is that u.n.uman refugee -- refugee has announced there are 65 million people for refugees and displaced around the world. 3 million people who are seeking asylum in the countries to which they have fled, 20 million for refugees because they have crossed an international border and is looking for help, and more than, nearly 41 million displaced in their own country who have yet to cross an international border and are looking to the government for help. sometimes they get that, oftentimes you don't. -- they don't. this is a record setting number. a very serious moment. there are three things i want you to take away from my brief marks. one is that this is a global phenomenon. there has been a lot of attention to europe. we're talking today with colleagues who are focused on middle east and africa. we can also pull in colleagues who cover southeast asia, south asia, central america. what we see people on the move fleeing persecution or dangerous places. refugees are not the same as terrorists. are the victims of terrorists. [applause] i knew this with the right group to talk to today. this is a very important difference. they are generations try to figure how to survive. a very difficult situation. they're concerned about the searching -- future of their education for their children. thirdly, i want you to know that the u.s. is a leader in responding to these issues around the world. we are top human nature and donor and we are the top destination for human refugee agencies to resettle refugees. world, myk around the colleagues have already mentioned some of the places that people are fleeing. syria, yemen, nigeria, boko haram. these are the people that have been in the news recently. that is also situation have not been resolved. whomia, afghans, some of may not be able to go home again. laughter, you remember them were both abandoned and southeast a mix of migrants from bangladesh, people seeking economic opportunity, and refugees from burma. the u.s. has traditionally led the world in aid. usaid funds the world food program. this is something most americans can take pride in. withe, collectively then, all of this funding, we kind of form be back own of the international humanitarian we kind of form the backbone of the international humanitarian system. if the u.s. was not there, the entire u.n. apparatus and the ngo's that are out there, many would fall flat. this is something that is taken for granted, but it's a very important thing. and the credit goes, year in and year out, to congress. we have had bipartisan support for a really strong, international humanitarian support coming from the united states. one of my chief concerns right now is that we could lose that justtisan support that has built us into this leader in terms of humanitarian assistance around the world. we are number one in aid to syria. and we are finding that in terms of helping europe, we really have a bit of a dilemma. there it is a matter of money. there it is a matter of political will and europe coming together to be decisive and decide how to do what they should in terms of helping legitimate refugees and stopping the dangerous flow across the mediterranean and the a and that has taken so many lives. our boss, secretary kerry is constantly on the go. he is doing so in the pursuit of peace. there is the humanitarian side. discussionse those with middle east leaders. and so will the white house. when they are having conversations about u.s. foreign-policy, one aspect of that will be asking governments to respond to these crises and to treat people better in their own kick -- countries. paleumbers, of course, compared to the large migrations we see overseas, but for many years we have been the leader in a program taking the most refugees from around the world and bringing them to the united states where they can restart their lives. this year, we are seeking to bring 85,000 refugees. so, an increase, and also to -- g 10,000 syrian refugees [applause] anne r.: i get criticized from the right and the left on this one. because friends in one direction say that is not enough and friends on the other side say we are worried you would let terrorists sneak inside the program. it is the most heavily vetted program of any traveler in the united states and it is ramping up sharply. right now, we have over 40% of the syrian refugees and we will see larger numbers in the coming days. we are all over halfway to 85,000. stay tuned. we have done a lot to try to meet the targets. i mentioned central america. we have a new program to try to reunite children whose parents -- one or both parents -- are present in the united states and bring the kids who have been left behind with grandparents safely to the united states so they do not have to make a trek.ous the numbers are starting to increase, too. the biggest in our bureau, after world refugee day, is looking ahead to september, when the president will have a leader summit on refugees, and he is seeking other countries to chip in. for those countries that can afford to provide more assistance around the world, for countries who hasn't resettle refugees were taken in a certain number, that they do more or give certain scholarships or work visas or some sort of pathway. and the third piece of that is that countries throughout the years have hosted refugees that in light of everything going on in the world, that they do more , too, that they let the refugees support themselves and allow more children to go to school. three things i wanted to make sure you knew, crisis is global and refugees are not terrorists, and the u.s. leads. thank you. [applause] karen: i have given anne patterson a whole lot of time to think about this question -- [laughter] karen: i'm not going to ask it first. [laughter] karen: i want to follow with anne richard and what you said. you noted the high commissioner made a very impassioned statement and gave you numbers for refugees and also said that against the backdrop, divisive political rhetoric on asylum and immigration issues and disturbing levels of xenophobia are together threatening international agreements which protects us -- we see borders closing. instead of political will, there is political paralysis. humanitarian organizations like mine are left to deal with the consequences while struggling to save lives on limited budgets. is this the perfect storm of issues driving the problem both in terms of the number of refugees and the reluctance to take them in? is it no money, is it the pure -- volume? two questions that have come to the floor, you touched on this a bit, what is the best thing that concerned citizens could do to make a difference? and how do you get all of these countries that pledge a lot of money, and then we look at the amount of money that has come across and it is not there? >> what we saw is that the countries where the traditional donors to the humanitarian efforts were the western europeans, korea, australia, and new zealand, and canada, the u.s., it was very clear as the numbers climbed in recent years, because of conflict, new conflict but also conflicts that are not being resolved. that is part of the answer is that we are not able to bring peace to parts of the world because the leaders do not seem intent on peace. they seem to be wedded to continuing a bloodthirsty continuation of fighting. the same donors were the ones leading year in and year out and we have to get more donors to the table, we have to get more giving given the scale of what is going on. we have not succeeded in doing that. we have seen that some of the gulf states have become donors to humanitarian causes but they are not yet fully invested in the system that we have or the echo system that we have. to one crisis at one point, but maybe not routinely year in and year out. we are also looking for other major world powers to serve on the security council or the g20. we have not seen new donors and -- new donors emerge, other than from the list i just put out. the europeans now, because of the arrival of all the mixed flow of migrants and refugees into their country, they are putting a lot more aid in. but of course, the needs have increased. definitely, the concern about right-wing political parties is driving some of the immediate actions that europeans are taking. they are really focused on trying to stop the flow rather than stepping back the way you could and say, what kind of legal migration might we set up or what can we be doing in peace conferences to prevent this kind of flow, instead, we are doing things after they have shown up in europe. major donors are themselves involved and are reacting rather than acting proactively. >> in terms of africa, economic what do we call it? fleeing? >> migrating. >> i know it is not popular to talk about nation building anymore. we talk about capacity building. i wonder if you could look at the situation in africa where obviously there had initially been a huge flow of migrants , went down for a while. now it has started up again. how do you separate out economic versus refugees fleeing persecution or violence and as you try to address the problems particularly in countries where , both exist, how do you prioritize in terms of where the scarce resources will go? >> i wish i had control of my -- prioritizing the resources. earmarkedhey are so that you cannot prioritize the resources. if i had control, i would put more in democracy and government. the key to me is having a stable country that takes care of its people. if you have that, you do not have people fleeing for economic reasons or political reasons. i would put more in that direction than what we are currently doing. we tend to focus a lot of our funding on peace and security. we focus our funding on initiatives that have been earmarked by congress or other types of initiatives that are all good and contribute in some way to our ultimate goals, but they may not contribute as directly, as we would want them to. for example, if you look at our funding charts, a lot of money goes to health. who would argue against supporting health programs given we still have ebola and malaria and hiv/aids and any number of health issues on the continent? but those issues as well are related to the link strong -- building strong institutions, ensuring that countries are stable and govern well so that funding could go to areas where it is required. we focus a lot of attention on root causes. we know we have to take a multifaceted approach that is not just security, but ensuring that the governments take care of their people, that they are concerned about what they have, thousands if not hundreds of -- tens of thousands of people who are displaced and who are not able to take care of basic needs on a daily basis. karen: one of the pending crises is kenya saying it will close where, i believe it is refugeesostly somalian are there. is that, how likely is that to happen and what will happen not only in terms of their own welfare, but what will happen if they get sent back to somalia where we have an extremely the -- precarious security situation? >> i would love to turn that over two and. i think we both know. -- i would love to turn that over to ann. we both worked on the issue. i think my challenge is to encourage to stay the course and to be a credible host to refugees in honoring their commitment under the geneva convention. we have pushed very hard with the kenyans. ofhink through the efforts cr and others, the about insisting that refugees go home immediately. i was in the refugee court in kenya from 1993 until 1996. during that time, the kenyans threatened to send refugees home. it is no different than what is happening in all of our countries. one countries start to have problems, serious security issues, we blame those who are the most vulnerable. we are looking at ways to address kenya's concerns and at the same time, trying to repair the situation in somalia so the refugees can come home. because they have been living in kenya for more than 20 years. a whole generation of children have been born and grown-up in those refugee camps. none of us see these camps is being permanent. yet they are. anne r.: the goal is that people do not have to live in refugee camps for very long. if they get to go home again, that would be the best outcome. somalia is a tricky place right now. some people have gone back voluntarily, but it is very much an experiment, i think. and that people be allowed to settle in a new country like some who come here, but usually that is only a fraction of the world's refugees. another option is people would be allowed to stay where they fled and the numbers are so big right now that just saying that is probably the message a lot of countries do not want to hear. what i like about the answer is it shows you the tricky balance act that is diplomacy. as someone who has worked on refugee issues for a long time, and, you know has been in very , tricky situations before. linda was in good golly there was a rwandan genocide. linda is a bit of a legend for our folks, though she is not old enough to be a legend. but she is a legend. because she keeps going back to these tough assignments. and so the tricky balancing act to kenya, no, we're not intense on having this forever as a major city of refugees. at the same time, please don't make artificial deadlines and please work with us in terms of solutions for people. >> your turn. karen: i think the whole conversation about refugees leads us directly to the middle east. we all know the fears, 400 thousand people dead, half the population of syria displaced or fled the country. and now, this has been an issue for a long time, that has been the subject of a political debate in the country. some people are very strongly saying that not only should we now intervene militarily, but we should have a long time ago, and it ranging from airstrikes to troops on the ground. you have other people, i will not mention any names, that we should not be in there. we should be directing all of our attention to the islamic state. you have a dissent memo i mentioned that was leaked last week. this is 51 state department officials, many of whom work on the issue, saying, it was a humanitarian situation, saying this is completely unacceptable. we need to do something else. we need to take military action and get bashar al-assad to come to the table and negotiate his own exit. from the administration's perspective how likely is that , to happen? how likely is a policy shift, whether that or something halfway there or something? anne p.: karen, i think you are seeing to stress, the in norma's -- the enormous loss of life, particularly in lebanon and jordan, 70,000 people are sitting in no man's land now. and jordan, but there is a long history in the state department going back many years. i think this was an expression of frustration and dismay by number of people who worked on this very closely. let me assure you that the issues are grappled with at the very highest level of the administration every single day. there are not really any good answers in syria. there are complex legal issues, complex u.s. military deployments. there are a range of complications that result from this. one of the issues, i think that , it is important to focus on, efforts inerry's this respect because he put together an international coalition, which, despite its shortcomings, and there are many, has at least enabled humanitarian access to get through to 700,000 people who did not have it before and to impose a cease-fire in part of the country. there is an international effort underway under the auspices of the u.n. and this is extremely fragile. and obviously insufficient. it is really the only way forward to solve the situation in syria. i would not anticipate a change in policy. i think the issues are struggled with every single day. but i think to go down the path that the secretary has laid out is really the only prospect that i see right now. karen: the central parts of the administration of counterterrorism policy, are working on the ground. i mission earlier that saudi arabia has been vocal about his disagreement of some aspects of the policy. there are other disagreements, not only with the saudi's but with turkey and other countries in the region. how long can the coalition hold together, as other countries believe that something else needs to be done? is there some danger, particularly, it would not be likely to happen this year, but if you see a new administration coming in and the opportunity for them to start going along, how important are these partnerships and how do we keep this together amid a lot of disagreement? anne p.: i think the counter isil coalition will hold satisfactorily because nothing breeds success like success. many others in the administration, how military -- let me stress that. that is a different issue. but how militarily vulnerable isil has proven to be. in most cases, there has not been a direct confrontation with isil. it has melted away and a lot of simultaneous pressure has been put on isil. both in syria and iraq and frankly, now in libya. fairlyturned out to be a -- if not easy, at least manageable military target. i think what you may be asking though is about syria and how long can the differences of view hold together? if anything, it has gotten better. two years ago, policy disputes among turkey and saudi arabia, and egypt and all the other players in syria, they were really quite profound. each of these countries were going their own way and supporting their own proxies. that has gotten better. there have been a number of efforts in the administration and the secretary's efforts is one of them but there are others to bring these countries together. it is not perfect. as you heard there are many , disagreements that persist. i think there is still a more thaned policy view then -- there was a couple of years ago. karen: this is a question from the audience that i think applies to what all of you do, especially as terrorism and capacity building belong together. -- glom together. i will just read it. it has been observed that the geographic combatant commanders act as super ambassadors with the regional area as responsibility and that they have a lot more resources than the state department has. what is your level of interaction with the commanders? how often do you talk to them? do you feel like the planning process is fully integrated? any of you like to -- >> why don't i start? -- they are in command. i started with them at the very beginning in the africa bureau and worked with dod on the development. of africa command. at i have seen it from birth to now constantly improve. i speak on the phone with general rodriguez, the current commander, once a month. it is a scheduled phone call, but we see each other as often, more often than that when there are issues that come up. i do not feel they are acting as super ambassadors, but they had tremendous resources we do not . that is something i wish we could correct. the resources give them entrée into many areas where it is probably not appropriate for the involved, but they have money and it's hard to say no when we see the need. we do coordinate closely. we have annual strategic planning meeting. rod is in town, the two of us will meet with him together to discuss issues of mutual concern. but again, i think the area where we have the most concern on the funding side. >> we see them and talk to them all the time and at various levels, not a day goes by that we do not have constant contact with them. and i don't think they want to be super ambassadors, because not surprisingly, you do not get to be a general in the u.s. by realizing how the policy process has to work. i don't want the money as much as the people. they have lots and lots of people. i think the budget is 4% of the state budget. it is a question of scale we simply cannot match. at when you get into enormously complex post insurgent situations -- regrettably, it's only going to be dod that has the resources to bring to bear on the situation because it is a question of scale. i wish were otherwise but it will not within our lifetime. we have to adjust to that. but the personal, institutional relations are just fine. karen: it is the anniversary of operation comfort. i remember covering the balkans. there was a lot of tension between the military and civilian side in terms of who was in charge, who could get organized more weekly. do you see that in refugees? -- anne r.: with colleagues at the office of development, to brief military colleagues would go out and work as policy advisers to brief them about what to do when a crisis erupts so that they understand that you bring the u.s. military in in a quick way, if the crisis is of such a magnitude and it is a natural disaster where they will be shooting at each other. there is such a magnitude that only the u.s. military has the capacity, a lot of things very quickly. they are not the low-cost option , and they are not an option that can be used without thinking very carefully in those few hours before you deploy them. but they are the best in the world of being able to go across the globe very quickly. in peacetime, that can be a life-saving piece. for most of the time, we have civilian response mechanisms are -- mechanisms. we have my bureau of the state department, the u.s. office of foreign disaster assistance, the truth for peace office, we have established relationships with international organizations that know what to do in the nongovernmental organization. we work very closely with the u.n., with leadership, and with crises to respond to make sure there is a strong civilian response, so the military does not have to be called upon to get involved. karen: two audience questions have to do with the islamic state. one is, what additional steps if the department taking in terms of social media and second, and i am assuming this is about --amic state and about syria has russia been >> we have a new office handling social media and it has roughly 100 people on an expansion now and there is a lot of analysis and frankly, people like anne, a lot of this starts in social media. in this countering extremism fight. i think our efforts in this respect have improved. very importantly in my view, we have set up joint in this country because we cannot message muslims as effectively as people who live in the region. we have a good one with a uae. if we are going to do one in do