moving here, as well as construction was a huge economic boom. as we go from agricultural to suburbia, one of the big contributing factors of that are these machines right here. so you have cooling, which this would have filled up with water and air would have been blown through it because in the desert it's so dry that the addition of humidity would cool he air down. but it didn't do as good a job. then you have this, which was brought to arizona via motorola. but it then made its way not just from that industrial use but then every home started having its own air conditioning as well. this really caused -- was one of the major factors in folks now moving to arizona. because before that, it was really the weather that prevented folks from being here year-round. but with the addition of air conditioning, you now had the ability to control your own climate and your house. arizona is a state that is very much still finding itself. it's a new state. 1912. we just celebrated, a few years ago, centennial, 100 years of statehood. with that we're still trying to grow. the like you've got the postwar boom that happened. you've got the population that was here before. so we're getting ready, we're going through a renaissance right now of another explosion of population. >> the arizona collection here at the a.s.u. library preserves and makes accessible the papers 14 members of congress from arizona. the goldwater papers and the hayden papers are the two largest archival collections that document the work of the arizona congressional delegation. hayden is an interesting individual because his father, charles trummable hayden, was the first white settler of the city of tempe, about 1870. and he built his adoby home along the then raging salt river, a place that is now called mill avenue. after the mill that he actually built across the street from la casa ead known as vieja. his son was carl hayden, born in tempe, went on to attend the arizona territorial normal school here in tempe. and then became our first u.s. congressman in 1912 and later senator from arizona until 1969. carl hayden is truly a son of the city of tempe. barry goldwater lived in scottsdale. his wife had a strong relationship with the university and ultimately he brought his papers here and so we've been very fortunate to have these great archival resources for our students, our faculty, visiting scholars, and the general public. available for inspection, research and interpretation. carl hayden, through his 57-year career in congress, first in the house of representatives, and the u.s. senate, was known as the silent senator. he had the reputation of being the workhorse, not the show horse in his work in congress. barry goldwater was long-time senator from arizona and many would describe him as the show horse, his work in the united states senate. what that really means is, when you look at carl hayden's career, he was really responsible for co-sponsoring nd write aing a huge amount of legislation that benefited the citizens of arizona and the citizens of the united states. his legacy was very much a legislative legacy, passing things like arranging for the passage of legislation like the hayden-cartwright act, which changed the formula for federal highway construction funding from a population-based funding to an area or square mileage-based funding. that bill ultimately really benefited the states in the west, where there were large expanses of land yet to be settled and highway construction could proceed with that type of funding. barry goldwater was really a the n who is an icon for western united states. he's an individual clearly remembered for his presidential campaign in which he presented a new vision for conservative republican politics. barry was very much the show horse, he was a person that represented the freedom of the west, the rugged individualism of the west. he had a strong jaw and bright eyes that reminded people of what it was like or what people believed it was like to live in the western united states. through his presidential campaign and his work in the united states senate, he was a person who represented the interests of the west to the general population and presented a new idea of what the west could be. the first material we'll look at today is this lovely hand-written ledger which presents the first minutes of the arizona territorial normal school. senator hayden's father, charles trumble hayden, was the first president of the territorial normal school, and you can see his signature here at the bottom of the first minutes of the normal school in july of 1885. so being a leading citizen in the town, he saw the great opportunity to bring a great educational institution to tempe. carl then attended the normal school, graduated in 1896 and went on to stanford university. our ntioned that he became first u.s. representative from arizona in 1912 and then became an important member of the united states senate. i selected some materials from the hayden papers. this particular file has to do with highway construction and planning. we can see, it's a fairly typical file, containing publications about the pop tick -- topic he's working on, we have draft legislation and we have correspondence from constituents. this letter, actually going back to the secretary treasurer of the arizona hotel association in 1956, talking about the implications for route selection as they build freeways and highways using the federal highway funds that resulted from the hayden-cartwright act. so this is a fairly typical file where we see the actual letters written by him and response to the inquiry from the arizona motor hotel association. and the representative of the kind of work that senators and congressmen do every day on behalf of the citizens of their state and their district. senator hayden served in congress at a time when our political figures were larger than life heroes. certainly the senator's longevity in congress made him well known amongst arizonans. it was a much smaller place. there weren't lots of people in arizona. everybody knew everyone. and everyone knew about carl hayden in the days that he served in the congress and then the united states senate. so after his many years of service, when he was 80 years old, the citizens of arizona were given the opportunity to sign this wonderful book offering the heartiest congratulations to senator hayden on the occasion of his 80th birthday. and anyone was invited to come and sign these books. we have about eight of them. very large, heavy books of signatures and address, contact information, for individuals who loved carl hayden and wanted to wish him happy birthday. so, this book, for me, really symbolizes the value of his public service and the way that arizona citizens really honored and loved carl hayden, because of what he did for them. in representing our interests in the united states congress and senate. in 1961, senator hayden was preparing for his last campaign for the senate, which occurred really in the fall of 1962. so supporters of the senator who were concerned about his ability to win the election, given the increasing dominance of republican politics in arizona, created an event called the carl hayden golden anniversary dinner. in which 1,000 people, 1,000 democratic supporters from around arizona, were invited to the westward ho hotel in downtown phoenix to honor senator hayden. the key guest at that event was president john f. kennedy. who was accompanied by vice president johnson and a large number of members of congress. we're very fortunate to have received video of that event. and what we have here is the two-inch video that was recording the event when carl hayden was honored there by president kennedy in november of 1961. two-inch video is rarely seen these days. there are very few surviving machines that can play this type a of video tape and the work to digitize and conserve this kind of video is very skill and professional work. we're very fortunate to have been able to recover this video nd it's now online, streaming, available for downloading, so anyone globally can actually see president kennedy talking about carl hayden and carl hayden talking about meeting william jennings brian on the train to washington, d.c., in 1912. so it's a wonderful time cap sewell of carl hayden's career -- capsule of carl hayden's career, of vice president johnson and president kennedy's remarks about carl hayden's career. and to have that in video for all to see is a wonderful treasure and a great object of study for police plith cal scientists and -- for political scientists and historians. >> i won the nomination but had to wait until the 12th of december, 1911. >> in 1964, barry goldwater was nominated and won the nomination for the -- the republican nomination for election to the office of the president of the united states. that set off many months of campaigning across the united states. in addition to the senatorial materials, we also have a very large collection of his campaign materials. i selected a couple of items today regarding his campaign. here we have a couple of classic photographs from the campaign where we can see barry doing the hard work of trying to become president in 1964. but one of the interesting things about the senator was his interest in using media to assist his campaign for president. so there were many, many television appearances and films that were actually made to support the campaign. this motion picture film in fact is a very important film in the campaign that was known -- had the title, "choice." this film in fact has been digitized sand available for viewing here in the -- and is available for viewing here in the goldwater archives. we have hundreds of motion picture films and audio recordings of senator goldwater's run for president of the united states. and also media appearances before and after the presidential campaign. as a result of the popularity that senator goldwater demonstrated through his campaign for the presidency in 1964, he was able to meet with a number of distinguished individuals and other public servants. and in fact met with many presidents before and after his presidential campaign. from his collection we've selected a few photographs of meeting a number of presidents. here we have barry goldwater and president gerald ford speaking briefly right outside the oval office. and the photo is mounted and it bears president ford's signature with a nice greeting for senator goldwater. here we have a meeting of senator goldwater and president eisenhower. a little known fact about goldwater's presidential campaign was that he actually met with president eisenhower at eisenhower's farm in gettysburg, pennsylvania. so the two of them were close allies in that 1964 presidential campaign. and you can see the two of them shaking hands in the photograph we have today. we also have a nice photograph of barry goldwater with president nixon. in the white house. they were rivals, political rivals in some ways. but later, as richard nixon became president, they became important allies in efforts to move forward republican legislation. we collect these materials because they support the instructional and research needs of our faculty and our students. they also demonstrate the important role that senators and congressmen play in representing our interests in washington. much of the environment in arizona occurred because of projects like the central arizona project, the canal system that brings water from the colorado river to phoenix and tucson, that water supply enables development and growth in the state of arizona. so having these materials here remind us of the importance of our democracy, remind us of the importance of effective representation in congress, and they tell us detailed stories about our families, our neighborhoods, our cities and the governments that work for s. >> when charles hayden and some of the other folks came to this area, you know, one of the most prominent features was this. it would have been something that really got people's attention. but when you think about these pioneers going up here, they didn't have these nicely groomed paths, they had to pick their way among the rocks and kind of make their way up that trail. it's hard to say at times exactly what people were thinking, but the earliest folks that climbed up here certainly were kind of getting an eye towards what they might o with the area. charles hayden is -- he's originally born in connecticut. he comes out west during the course of his life, travels over the santa fe trail, he runs freight a, he eventually makes it to arizona in the 1850's. in fact, he made it to tucson where he had a freight business, he had a meck tile business, and he also had a judge position, so many people around this area for years knew him as judge hayden. but he's essentially what you'd refer to as a connecticut yankee in arizona. who is now a man with a big freight business, a big -- again, a sales or merkin tile business, and so he very much is a frontier businessman here in arizona. this was a known crossing, a good crossing for the salt river. a salt river that people knew was very erratic. but they also knew that it was a river that had a lot of potential for irrigation. when he came up here, i think he certain lisa the crossing. obviously, he would establish what is known as hayden's ferry shortly therefore. the one thing to -- thereafter. the one thing to keep in mind is your ferry business is only going to be part of the year. it's going to be seasonal. because of the fact that it's going to be during high water times for the river. because much of the rest of the year you're going to have all these freight wagons crossing, not waiting for a ferry boat to cross, but simply going across. because basically trains of freight wagons crossing here, you know, two and three wagons hitched to 18 or 20 mules or horses, crossing at one time, and if you have to wait for your whole team to cross with a ferry boat, people often try to find alternative ways. the hayden recognized that that was an ideal thing, because it was a good, suitable crossing location, he also saw that there were other possibilities, freight wagons always need work. they could use things like services for wagons to fix parts ofing a way ans. to carry extra -- parts of wagons. to carry from a extra freight across as they were traveling. for any number of mining camps or ranches that were north of the river. so he recognized the possibilities of that, without a doubt. also, as things were starting, people were starting to think about agriculture in the area, he began to think about things like, you know, somebody's going to be needed to process all the wheat that people will grow in this area. so he actually conceived of, as far as we know, he con received of the mill in -- conceived of the mill in 1870 when he got the rights to the land where the mill would then be built. in addition, you have the black smith shop, you have carpenters works, you have wagon making facilities. he's raising stock. he's also at the same time promoting the growth of the area in terms of, he's pushing for the railroad, the railroad won't get to arizona or actually into yuma until the late 1870's. doesn't get to the town of mir copea down here -- measure copea down here until 1880. doesn't get up here until 1887. but hayden was pushing to for that that whole time. even before that, or during the midst of that, he's also pushing for the creation of -- for tempe to get the territorial teachers college, which will be known as the normal school, eventually which will become a.s.u. in fact, the year before the railroad arrives, the teachers college is built. the first normal school building is built. he was active in the whole -- a lot of facets of the community. certainly in promoting a sense of community, because he worked with everybody. certainly the mexican frontiersmen, the mexican pioneers who came up here, many of them worked with him and for him. these mexican workers did a whole lot of things with mr. hayden, in addition to having their own farms and things like that. he also worked with the native american communities around here. they would often, many of them brought their wheat up here for him to process into flower. he worked with the -- flour. he worked with the mormon communities, a number of which would settle, some of whom settled right here in tempe. and so he was really a community builder in a wider sense. he was always thinking about what could dough to help the community get bigger and i think that's in a lot of ways why his figure has become bigger historically. and as man who knew that it wasn't -- he couldn't do this by himself, it took the whole community to work together to do this. >> the print collection is one of the largest at the a.s.u. art museum. we have 7,000 works on paper. and they are cared for and stored and made available for close study and viewing here in the print study room. one of the areas of concentration within the print collection is artists dealing with social and political content. a lot of these artists throughout history have recognized the art form's ability to really bring about social change. they are just like us, living in their own time frame and they want to reflect upon what's going on around them. and potentially influence society with their work. and the amazing thing about prints that allows them to be really powerful social tools, really, is that they're relatively inexpensive to produce, they are multiples. they're less expensive to acquire. and so they really penetrate all aspects of society. and they are excellent platforms with which to convey information, both image and text. a lot of artists have used prints specifically for this reason. so we selected today from the collection a range of prints from the 18th century through to contemporary of artists dealing with social and political content. what's really amazing is that while a lot of the specifics change, so, the settings, the costumes, the specific details of the current event, the broader issues remain the same. these artists are dealing with things like political corruption, like the difference between the rich and the poor, war and the impact of war, and so throughout these prints, throughout history, you'll see the artists dealing with these same issues. so the first prints that i pulled were prints by a british artist and an english artist, lived in london, named william hogarth. he set up his own engraving studio in 1720 and the prints that i'm going to show you today are from the 1740's and 1750's. hoe garth was best known as a satarist. he produced these large additions of engravings in series, almost like a graphic novel. often in very witty and inviting look at what's going on around him and society around him. for instance, this is marriage allah mode and this is taking a look at the habits of the very wealthy. it's the story of a couple who are married off by their parents for gain. so here you have on the left lord squander, who is showing his family tree and is marrying off his son who is over here on the right in very fashionable dress, but already we see he has a black spot on his neck which means he has syphilis. he's back from his tour of the continent. and the son's name is lord squanderfield. then this is a rich merchant who is interested in marrying off his daughter to gain entry into the aristocracy. in the background, you see a new mansion that lord squander is building and so he needs to gain resources to sell off his son for that reason. and here he has a crutch and his foot is bound because he has gout from his extreme living, eating and drinking. here you have the daughter looking very deprellsed about this situation, but being talked into the marriage by a lawyer who is called silver tongue. and here in the right, you always have to look for the details in hogarth's prints. a pair of dogs chained together, just like the couple is going to be chained together in life. so this series runs through several pieces and ends with the son dying in a duel and the daughter committing suicide. so, in complete dissipation, having spent all of their money . so now we're going to jump to the late 19th century, early 20th century, and look at two german artists who were both -- who both concentrated on the impact of war. world war i and world war ii. in germany. but also the plight of the poor. and the impact on -- of war on women and children and others involved. so, this is german expressionist artist who became active in the late 19th century. as i was talking about earlier, she's an artist who very consciously chose print making as her medium in order to get the work out there, in order to talk about her concerns with society. so her husband was actually a doctor in berlin and she came into contact with a lot of his working class patients. and a lot of her work is dealing with the plight of the poor. an particularly mothers and children -- and particularly mothers and children. this is a particularly powerful piece called "bread" and she's written it here at the bottom. a mother with two hungry children that she's trying to pacify. the next piece is a piece called "revolution." and where she shows the down ready toen, the poor, you know, trying to -- down trodden, the poor, you know, trying to break out of restrictions. and this piece here is by an artist named george growth. growth was active between the wars, between world war i and world war ii. he actually fought briefly in world war i. and a lot of his work from between the wars is looking at the complete breakdown in german society between the wars. which brought about naziism. a lot of his work shows the veterans who have become beggars, who are starving, who were injured in the war and now have no recourse, no profession, and, again, so showing the impact of the war. interestingly, kathy allegation had personal impact of the war -- also had personal impact of the war. she had a son die in world war i and a grandson die in world war ii. her work was banned by the nazis during world war ii and she lost her position at her german university. so now we're going to move to a selection of works by contemporary artists who were using the print medium in order to talk about social and political issues. these are all works by an artist named sue ko. here you can see the ability of our visitors to take a close look at our prints, none of these are behind glass. so they can really see the quality of the paper, the quality of the print itself, the contrast between light and dark and the use of the grays in between to create these powerful images using a variety of print techniques. this is a very powerful piece about the anita hill hearings, when she made very specific claims of sexual harassment against clarence thomas. here you can see her interpretation of those hearings, where she felt anita hill was demonized and here she is almost like a witch with her hands tied, flames coming up from below, the witch, the sort of halloween-y witch with the cat and the broom stick up above. and then the northwest tabloid here on the left -- "new york post" tabloid here on the left with, i'd like to thank america, with a k.k.k. -- k.k.k. in the america. so very clear interpretation by sue ko on what happened during those hearings and the very specific senators who were in those hearings as well. the ceramics collection is our second largest collection and we have some powerful works in particular from the 1930's by an american artist that we would like to share with you today. >> we're going to take a look at one of the hidden gems of the ceramics research center's collection and that is three sculptures by russell barnett akin. was a well-known socialite, philanthropist, artist and, oddly, big game hunter who lived in new york city and hung out with a lot of the other wealthy types in new york city. these pieces were created in 1938, just before the united states entered world war ii. so, what we're looking at are the three pieces by russell barnett akin and you can see on left we start with a sculpture of franklin delano roosevelt. he's writing on a democratic -- riding on a democratic donkey, he's holding up a microphone and tucked under his right arm is a battleship. the warship. just to his right, we have a sculpture, they are about 10 or 11 inches tall, of mussolini. you can see the roman column that, sort of his gut is resting on. you can see an ethiopian figure thumbing their nose at mussolini as they look up. you have to remember also that this is pre-world war ii. so russell barnett ache season looking at these figures -- akin is looking at these figures through the lense of the united states, which has not yet gone to war against these countries. finally, we see an image of adolf hitler. his book is tucked into his left hand, his right hand is giving a heil, there's a bare-breasted mermaid with a little baby, actually, tucked into her arm, maybe he's talking a little bit about eugenics and sort of hitler wanting the aryans to propagate, and on the other side there's actually a sign new order with an arrow pointing forward. so i think that we can view these sculptures through a couple of different lenses. one of them is that pre-world war ii and definitely during world war ii there's a sort of populist lens that we could look at these through. so i think people in the united states were engaged with art in a direct way and used to seeing art that made statements. through the work pros gress administration, through artists like diego rivera, people in the united states were used to seeing murals that made direct statement, so i think we can definitely relate these sculptures with some of the political wlims at the time. but i think the other -- whims at the time. but i think the other lens you can look at this through is the lens of socialites and wealthy people in new york city. so in 1938, before the united states entered world war ii, you were already seeing the azis driving out the jews, the collectors, the wealthy, some residents thy jewish in germany. but also many artists. many creatives were migrating. what he would have been commenting on at time. i think that russell barnett akin was never somebody who hid his own believes -- beliefs and his own opinions. and that's what you see in all of these little details percolating up in these sculptures. >> this is a historic neils peterson house in tempe, arizona. it was built in the year 1892. it's a queen anne victorian style house. and it was a farm house when it was first built. it was built by an immigrant farmer, neils peterson, and at that time it was considered one of the most elegant homes in the salt river valley. neils peterson, who this house is named after, was born in 845 in a town call -- in denmark. he was the youngest of about six siblings, means he wasn't able to inherit any of his family's land. he had to go off on his own to establish a life for himself. he had opportunities here in the united states, in particular in the west. at that time there was the homestead act, which was a law that allowed people to come out west and they could acquire 160 acres and start their own farms. if you were a u.s. citizen. so that was a big incentive for him to come west, to become a u.s. citizen, and start his farming operation here, which he wasn't able to do back in his native denmark. he came out to the arizona territory very early on. here in tempe, a small number of farmers were showing interest in this area and right around the year 1870. so he was amongst that group that came here and started to figure out how to farm productively here in the salt river valley. over the years, he was able to grow his farming empire, acquire more land, acquire more business opportunities and by the year 1892 he was a very prominent businessman, entrepreneur, here in tempe. that was the year he built this house. this is not a typical farm house for a territorial arizona, this is the type of house that you would build if you had really made it. and it was a show piece. en this house was built, people took notice. there were articles in the paper calling it the most elegant home in the salt rifpker valley, saying that this was really special. the house gave a lot of hope to local farmers because if somebody could farm here in the desert and through a lot of hard work acquire the wealth it took to build a house like this, then that's something that maybe they could aspire to as well. early on, you know, the town was just getting started and so really needed to establish its institutions. a lot of the early settlers, especially those that became more well off, they stepped up to help establish the local banks, establish the local churches, establish the local mecrantile businesses downtown. petersen was instrumental in supporting education in town. he gave money to local schools. he was on the board of at least one of the banks in town. and he had his own business, there was a petersen building on mill avenue in downtown tempe. he paved the way for a number of other young danish farmers to come here to the arizona territory and what they would do is they would work on his farm to pay him back, to pay back the passage to get here. and then once those debts were paid, they were able to go off and often establish their own farms or their own businesses here. if you look at the records of tempe, you go through and there's lots of danish names listed. a lot of that is because of petersen. he was really a hub and an anchor for these other immigrants who came over. tempe in the early days, anyway, was really in part a danish town. niels petersen is an early important figure in tempe. but having the house here makes it really special because people can really come in and walk through the rooms where he lived and go out onto the porch and really visualize what rural tempe would have been like, looking off into the distance and picturing rolling fields of alfalfa and picturing cattle grazing, so different than it is today. i feel very lucky that we still have this home as a really tangbling tie, a direct tie to -- tangible tie, a direct tie to tempe's early days, to tempe's agricultural routes -- roots and a reminder of we came from. both as an agricultural town and then also with niels petersen being a danish immigrant this house is a great symbol of tempe's early diversity, showing that really people came from lots of different places because there were opportunities here and they were able to establish themselves here. niels and suzannea petersen, they never had any children of their own to inherit the house. when they passed away in the 1920's, the closest relative to inherit the house was a man named edwin decker. he was a method istominster, he would travel around the west. spent some time here while he was young going to school. but ended up inheriting the house and he moved here with his wife, unabelle. the two of them remodeled the house pretty dramatically. they updated it and changed it to a 1930 style and kept the farm going as well. the last prop here at the petersen farm was harvested in the mid 1960's. the house was surrounded by a housing subdivision starting in the mid 196s to. the streets were paved. and very, very rapidly this house transformed from a rural farm house to a house that was in the middle of the city. this house is unique, i think, because when this farm was finally subdivided in the 1960's, they left the house. so the hundreds of acres of alfalfa fields that were here, they were subdivided, houses were built, industrial complexes were built, but the house remained. today we have this victorian farm house that stands in the middle of all this modern development and it's out of context in some ways but in other ways it really shows how the town grew. it's a symbol of how tempe had agricultural roots but as people started moving here and as the population started exploding, particularly after world war ii, those farms really all filled in and were really a very urban place now -- year really a very urban place now. when visitors come to the petersen house, my hope is they'll enjoy this beautiful house and architecture and be able to imagine what it would have been like living in territorial arizona. and really understand what it takes to found a town, to come out to the middlele of the desert and start from scratch and be able to create a good life and to prosper here. i hope this is a tangible link to the past. i hope that it's a symbol of tempe's diversity. and i hope that it remains in the future and that pemityans will continue to be proud of this big -- tempeans will continue to be proud of this big red house here on the corner. >> our visit to tempe, arizona, is an american history tv exclusive. and swhowed it today to introduce to you c-span's cities tour. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2017] for five years now we've traveled to cities across the u.s. to explore their literary and historic sites. you can watch more of our isits at cspan.org/citiestour. >> this weekend, c-span's cities tour, along with our spectrum and cox communications cable partners, will explore the literary life and history of san diego. on book tv on c-span2, we'll hear the story of 7,000 abandoned bicycles left along the river valley on the san diego-tijuana border in "the coyotes bicycle: the untold story of 7,000 bicycles and the rise of a borderland empire." >> it turned out that every parcel along monument road that i went to after that had a pile of bicycles from the state park to the gomez place right down here, there's a county park, there's other ranches. and the people of the valley were just collecting these bicycles that were abandoned by migrants. >> then on american history tv on c-span3, we'll hear about how the u.s. navy built its presence in san diego from u.s.s. midway museum historian. >> she was a brand new ship of a very large and new design and so the navy put her through the paces even though the war had just concluded. and she made numerous deployments to the mediterranean for the first 10 years of her career. then in 1954, it was decided that she needed to transfer to the pacific and so in 1955 she made an epic voyage because she was too large to pass through the panama canal from norfolk, virginia, across the length of the atlantic, the indian ocean, and then entering the pacific from the west. >> watch c-span's cities tour of san diego, california, saturday at noon eastern on c-span2's book tv. and sunday afternoon at 2:00 p.m. on american history tv on c-span3. working with our cable affiliates and visiting cities across the country. >> c-span. where history unfolds daily. in 1979, c-span was created as a public service and is brought to you by your cable or satellite provider. >> after weeks of allegations, u.s. intelligence officials released a declassified report concluding vladimir putin had a the in the hacking of election. the report maintains president putin ordered what has been campaign innfluence an effort to discredit hillary clinton and help donald trump's election chances. the report comes the same day the president elect was briefed influence efforts to the election. those involved were fbi director