>> u.s. presidents have to varying degrees been willing to pander to saudi arabia. >> to the arms of an old friend, the kingdom of saudi arabia. >> the pariah that they are. >> we must act and we will act. >> the president who vowed to be different. >> president biden is about to kiss the ring of mbs. >> remarkable reversal. >> it's going to be awkward. >> is now just another patron of a prince. >> the crown prince is a wrecking ball. >> a dictator renowned for a very brutal end. >> his body was chopped up into small pieces. >> why would you bring a bone saw? >> who at the same time is a reformer. >> this man is extremely popular. >> revolutionizing his nation. >> new era, new age. it's that simple. >> the kingdom's power lies under the desert sands. >> keep your pumps up and you can do whatever you want out back. liquid gold -- oil. is america betraying its values? to understand this unusual relationship you need to understand the very unusual country that is saudi arabia. good evening. saudi arabia is a fascinating study in contrasts, the dark kingdom that spawned bin ladin, lively cafes dot the street corners of glittering cities. american pop stars perform to sold-out crowds. some of the world's best golfers are leaving the pga to join the saudi tour. all of this even as the world cannot forget the gruesome murder of "washington post" journalist jamal khashoggi. the 2018 killing was ordered, says the cia, by the crown prince of saudi arabia himself, mohammed bil salman. mbs has also sparked a saudi renaissance. an economic boom. he's taken on extremists, has given rights to women. joe biden once called him a pariah. now he's about to make a friendly visit to an old ally but a story that is making a turn. in saudi arabia almost nothing is what it seems. to find the real story you have to go beneath the surface. about one mile beneath, to be precise. there's more oil in saudi arabia than almost anywhere else on earth. when oil was first discovered, legend has it the king said, cap the well. too much money brings trouble. then -- ♪ he got over it. ♪ money money money money ♪ oil brought with it fantastic wealth. >> they make a billion dollars a day. >> this is the prince's palace. 317 rooms. >> there are thousands of saudi princes. they blow gigantic sums all over the world. ♪ from sunup sundown ♪ >> we counted at least seven huge saudi yachts. >> oil money buys million-dollar prizes for camel races. and expensive cars you can crash for fun. but most importantly, oil carved a country out of the desert. modern cities sprang out of the sand in just decades. there's only one other force as powerful as oil in saudi arabia. religion. saudis practice the most extreme form of islam in the world. >> article 1 says the sayings of the prophet are the constitution of this country. >> sharia is the only law. women are rendered virtually invisible. black ghosts. >> domination. men have dominated women. there's this sense that any mixing between men and women is fraught with the potential for evil to happen. >> historically women had the status of children. by law their husbands or fathers were their guardians. some clerics give men a free hand to beat women. mohammad al arifyi counsels young men on the right way to hit their wives. "lightly with the hand," he says, "and not in the face." if the beating did not keep a wife in line, men could download a government app used for wife tracking. among other functions it could accepted out a text alert if a wife headed for the airport or the border. >> testosterone is a dangerous drug. it's this view of women as both children and as chaotic sexual beings. >> the app is called absher, arabic for "your wish is my command." some men might have needed more than one app because they had more than one wife. there are reportedly more than 1 million saudis in polygamous marriages. there are no churches in saudi arabia. christians pray in secret. >> we have secret churches there. house churches. >> practicing christianity is against saudi arabia's version of islamic law. so is every other religion. except islam. >> it is a tough place to be a christian. >> even tougher to be jewish. "we must kill all the jews" says the so-called religious scholar. textbooks published in 2018 taught the jews are cowardly, devious. another evil in saudi arabia was music. movies were considered heresy, too. if you complain publicly about any of it, any government st stricture, you could be arrested. foes of the government can be tortured, even beheaded. >> saudi arabia lives a bizarre double life. fabulously rich. drenched in oil. it was at the same time handcuffed for years by extremist islam. the saudis are deeply conflicted. but then so are we. because their story is intertwined with ours. the closest ally of this strange desert kingdom has been america, one of the world's most open democracies, where freedom of religious is enshrined in the constitution. why? "new york times" columnist thomas friedman put it succinctly. >> guys, here's the deal. just keep your pumps open, your prices low, and don't bother the yahudis too much, and you can do whatever you want out back. >> out back. that's where you'd find the medievalism, the extremist rhetoric, the clerics, the hatred of other religions. >> it is my view, fareed, 9/11, we got hit with the distilled essence of everything that was going on out back. >> osama bin laden and 15 of the 9/11 hijackers were all suddenies. saudis. more isis soldiers come from saudi than from anywhere else in the middle east. for years america has been desperate for a new day in saudi arabia. >> welcome to the stage, ladies and gentlemen, his royal highness -- >> enter the 36-year-old crown prince mohammad bin salman. he is unlike any saudi ruler the world has seen before. mbs effectively took over from his father, king salman, five years ago. suddenly everything in saudi arabia seemed to change. >> right away he looks like a breath of fresh air. and he's forceful. ♪ >> remember, music was evil and forbidden. ♪ but then mariah carey performed. ♪ after her came a parade of stars. among them justin bieber and the black-eyed peas. he was beginning to do something i hadn't seen from any saudi leader ever. >> his reforms inside saudi arabia have been revolutionary. >> he says, i am not going to leave this life until i see the entire middle east in the first rank of nations. >> movies were forbidden but then the crown prince himself opened a movie theater. >> don't freeze. >> i never freeze. >> watching "black panther" were men and women sitting together. that is a dramatic change for this country. >> this man is extremely popular. >> here it is, ladies and gentlemen, here in front of the amc theater. >> we've just begun to actually fight the war of ideas. >> hi! >> women were finally allowed to drive. and some of the guardian laws that treated them like children were revealed. mbs stripped the dreaded religious beliefs of much of their power. he arrested some of the crazy clerics. including the brief detention of mohammed al a-rifi, the wife-beating advice giver. and remember the cleric who talked about killing the jews? the crown practice is now talking about recognizing the state of israel. saudi arabia is changing. but even as it does, there is something else going on. >> massive purge of princes, all arrested by a man who would be king. >> early in his reign mbs imprisoned hundreds of princes and wealthy businessmen at the riyadh ritz-carlton, of all places. >> we drive in under police escort -- >> it was called a crackdown on corruption. >> no one enters here now without official permission. >> what appeared to be cell phone video emerged showing a chaotic scene in one of the world's fanciest hotels. >> and it was a shakedown power play of all his potential rivals. >> i think it was really about control. >> there were reports of torture and one death which the government denied. meanwhile, even as mbs gave women the right to drive, saudi police arrested the leaders of the right to drive movement. and again there are credible reports that some of the women were tortured. >> this is an authoritarian absolute monarchy. >> the truth about mbs was beginning to emerge and it was a complicated picture. >> you were young, 29 years old when you became deputy crown prince. had some very dark impulses, saddam-like impulses we now understand. >> u.s. officials usually weigh in when allies like saudi arabia go off course. >> they need us to draw red lines. >> donald trump drew no lines. like other presidents before him, he fanned the friendship because of oil. >> if you want to see oil price go to $150 a barrel, all you have to do is break up our relationship with saudi arabia. >> but unlike previous presidents, trump never questioned any saudi action. >> and what they've all needed was to say to their captain, their advisers, i'd love to do that crazy thing you want me to do. i'd love to do that. my heart is with you. the american secretary of state broke my arm. if we don't play that role, these guys will drive right over the cliff. that's what happened, fareed. >> that cliff was, of course, the murder of "washington post" columnist jamal khashoggi. >> a murder/mystery pitting the u.s. against its key ally saudi arabia. >> it began in the dead of night. october 2nd of last year. a private saudi plane landed in istanbul. >> the turks say assassins waiting for him inside the consulate -- >> jamal khashoggi had an appointment there that day. >> he is a saudi journalist, a vocal opponent of his own government. >> he is creating an environment of intimidation and fear. >> khashoggi was well connected with ties to some senior royals. he had been treated well at the consulate before. so at the appointed time, he went inside. what follows is from an audiotape described to cnn. >> within moments of his fateful steps into the consulate, khashoggi recognizes someone. >> mahereb matreb, a former intelligence official close to the crown prince, mohammad bin salman. matreb tells him, you are coming back. khashoggi says, you can't do that. and then he's attacked. there are screams. his last words, "i can't breathe." then the sound of a saw. >> turkish officials say khashoggi's body was cut up with a bone saw. >> jamal khashoggi's body was dismembered, chopped up into small pieces -- >> a saudi autopsy expert tells the men, put on headphones and listen to music. presumably to drown out the sound of the saw. a khashoggi look-alike can be seen leaving the consulate. >> same clothes, same glasses and beard, everything, except the shoes. >> saudi arabia vehemently denies knowing anything about khashoggi's disappearance. >> as details began to emerge, the saudis said a fight had broken out. >> the official saudi explanation that khashoggi's death was the result of a fistfight gone bad has been deemed laughable. >> finally the saudi government settled on one word, rogue. it was a rogue operation. >> the saudi foreign minister told fox news that this was a rogue operation. >> rogue elements may have been involved. >> they're going to say he was killed by rogue operatives. >> this rogue killer's explanation, this is absurd. >> sounded to me like maybe these could have been rogue killers, who knows. >> the cia said it believed mbs was involved with the murder. >> mbs, the crown prince, is a wrecking ball. i think he's complicit in the murder of mr. khashoggi to the highest level possible. i think he's crazy. i think he is dangerous. >> trump appeared unconvinced. >> whether he did or whether he didn't, he denies it vehemently. >> i would really question somebody's judgment if they couldn't figure this out. >> it was an example of sometimes elements of the bureaucracy going rogue. >> ali shihabi used to act for the u.s. >> u.s. intelligence believes that jamal khashoggi was murdered on the instructions of the crown prince. that an elite team of people very close to the crown prince went to istanbul with the purpose of doing him harm. what do you say to that? >> look, had you wanted to kill jamal, there were so many cheaper and easier ways to do it. he was very much a friend of the royal family. he was an insider. he was a prominent person, he was a prominent player. everybody has their friends and enemies. the crown prince has denied it. and there simply isn't a piece of evidence. >> senator lindsey graham says there is a smoking gun, it's just a smoking bone saw, not a gun. "the washington post" editorial page puts it very simply. if this was meant to be an interrogation that went rogue, why would you bring a bone saw to an interrogation? >> well, first of all, nobody has shown us that bone saw. >> how was he dismembered? >> again, not to get gruesome, but i saw an interview on television with a doctor that said any saw could dismember a human being. >> why did they bring any saw? >> look, he was killed, and it seems like he was dismembered and the body was disposed of, so, i mean, it's a tragic, horrible event . (fisher investments) it's easy to think that all money managers are pretty much the same, but at fisher investments we're clearly different. (other money manager) different how? you sell high commission investment products, right? (fisher investments) nope. fisher avoids them. (other money manager) well, you must earn commissions on trades. (fisher investments) never at fisher. (other money manager) ok, then you probably sneak in some hidden and layered fees. (fisher investments) no. we structure our fees so we do better when clients do better. that might be why most of our clients come from other money managers. at fisher investments, we're clearly different. ♪ three times the electorlytes and half the sugar. ♪ pedialyte powder packs. feel better fast. as a business owner, your bottom line is always top of mind. so start saving by switching to the mobile service designed for small business: comcast business mobile. flexible data plans mean you can get unlimited data or pay by the gig. all on the most reliable 5g network with no line activation fees or term contracts... saving you up to $500 a year. and it's only available to comcast business internet customers. so boost your bottom line by switching today. comcast business. powering possibilities. in 1996, osama bin laden declared war on the united states. these youths love death as you love life, he warned. these youths are steadfast at war. they will sing out that there is only killing. 15 of the 19 hijackers on 9/11 were from one country, saudi arabia. the man who led them, osama bin laden, was from saudi arabia. isis and other terrorist groups killing americans have been filled with recruits from saudi arabia. how did one of america's closest allies become the home of its most bitter enemies? to understand, we have to go back almost 300 years. to the 1700s. two men formed an alliance in the arabian desert. a cleric known as mohammad bin ahab and a warrior named mohammad bin saud, patriarch of the saudi royal family. al ahab and his family were the isis of their time, preaching strict adherence to the koran on pain of death. their puritanical faith became known as wa habbiism. and it was that creed which dominated saudi arabia for years. >> authorities inside saudi arabia have executed -- >> wahhabism starts as a principle that i, as a muslim, can determine if another muslim is a good muslim. if he or she is not, i can proclaim him or her a heretic and that person is subject to the most drastic penalties, including death. >> wahhabism was only a minor sect of islam for much of its history. the muslim world was shaped far more by diverse societies like egypt. >> oil in commercial quantities -- >> then saudi arabia struck oil. >> 200,000 barrels a day -- >> with mountains of cash, the kingdom eclipsed other muslim nations and spread its version of the faith everywhere. >> what oil money did was finance the building of islamic centers, mosques. putting conditions that ensured that their exclusivist ideas alone would be taught in those islamic centers, and those mosques. >> but in 1979, wahhabism turned on the kingdom itself. >> armed religious fanatics today seized the great mosque in the muslim holy city of mecca in saudi arabia and took hostages. >> the attackers were extreme religious conservatives. they were appalled by the unholy westernization that the riches of oil had wrought. >> they broadcast their message that the saudi ruling family are drunkards, gamblers, people who have taken saudi arabia away from the true islamic faith. >> after two weeks the rebels were captured and beep headed. >> it was a triumphant and tumultuous welcome fare the ayatollah khomenei -- >> that same year an islamic revolution swept through iran. >> a tearful shah of iran left his country today -- >> ousting a monarchy. launching the rise of iran's shiite version of puritanical islam, the rival faith of the saudis. the saudi royal family panicked and gave more power to the wahabis. >> from the age of 12, she must dress in black -- >> to run the kingdom their way. >> no more. cinema. women could not appear on tv uncovered. no music in schools. they basically banned fun. >> at the end of 1979, the soviet union invaded afghanistan. a godless superpower had taken over a muslim nation. this gave the saudis a golden opportunity. >> it was a gift from heaven to the people of saudi arabia. they looked into these islamists eyes and they said, why don't you go find the infidels who just invaded afghanistan. >> one of the men who answered the call was osama bin laden. >> bin laden was always a true believer. he really believed in all these ideals taught to him by wahabi schools early on in his childhood in saudi arabia. >> bin laden's father had been a construction magnate with close ties to the king. but osama bin laden gave up his life of comfort and moved to afghanistan. forming a ragtag army of foreign mercenaries from across the arab and islamic world. in the late '80s, the organization was given a name. al qaeda. in 1990, a new enemy caught bin laden's eye. >> more than 400,000 u.s. troops in "operation desert shield" -- >> half a million american troops came to saudi arabia to defend against saddam hussein. >> reports of iraqi forces overrunning the capital of kuwait -- >> saddam had taken over neighboring kuwait and was poised to strike the kingdom. the presence of u.s. soldiers saved saudi arabia. but it infuriated the wahabis. bin laden urged the saudi royal family to let him fight saddam himself with his own army of mujahedin. they brushed him off. >> osama bin laden was furious. he thought this is the unholiest thing anybody can do, bringing the infidels to the eyearabian peninsula. >> in 1996 with american troops still in the kingdom osama bin laden issued a fatwa. it is a moral obligation he declared to the americans. >> outrage, shock and heavy loss of life. >> thus began the road to 9/11. >> terrorist bombs explode. >> who did it and why? >> killed hundreds and wounded over 5,000. nearly sunk a destroyer killing 17. >> both towers -- >> and in 2001 -- >> appear to have collapsed. >> bin laden's greatest triumph, nearly 3,000 americans obliterated. saudi arabia had created a monster. after 9/11 the monster turned against its homeland. mounting a deadly offensive inside the kingdom. the house of saud mounted a vicious counterattack. >> they began systematically to find and go after al qaeda cells in the kingdom. >> mohammed bil salman. but the ideology of wahhabism is still alive across the world. when isis established its schools, the textbooks that it first used came from saudi arabia. >> the narrative that you have to behead and kill anyone who doesn't believe in what you believe, the narrative you have to blow up mosques, the narrative that anyone who's not a muslim does not have any rights, not even the right to live, this is taken from textbooks in saudi arabia. up next -- why? >> u.s. presidents have to varying degrees been willing to pander to saudi arabia. >> why does this troubled relationship endure? the liquid gold that is the bond between america and saudi arabia. oil. a monster was attacking but the team remained calm. because with miro, they could problem solve together, and find the answer that was right under their nose. or... his nose. if you want to see oil prices go to $150, by the way russia would love to see that, all you have to do is break up our relationship with saudi arabia. >> the truth is donald trump is mostly right. saudi arabia more than any single country controls the price of oil. they have lots of it and it's cheap for them to turn the taps on and off. >> that fear that saudi arabia, the leader of the opec alliance, of oil producing states, could at any time turn off the oil. that fear always hung like a sword of damocles. >> and that fear endures even as america approaching oil independence, because riyadh still sets the global price. in fact, the saudis have usually behaved responsibly in their role as the central bankers of oil. >> oil and saudi arabia were synonymous in the 1950s and '60s and '70s and '80s. >> to understand how and why the u.s./saudi bond has endured for almost a century, we need to go back to how it began. in 1938, american oilmen offered saudi king saud $170,000 in gold to let them drill for oil. >> the arabs were suspicious of these strange newcomers. >> the king was reluctant, but the desperately poor desert country needed the money. so the search for liquid gold began. >> the geological crews combed the blistering desert month after month, searching for places most likely to yield petroleum. >> finally, they found it. >> oil in commercial quantities had been brought in after three long, discouraging years. >> by the early 1940s, it was clear. saudi arabia was an oil bonanza. >> about 1,000 americans and 5,000 saudi arabs were employed -- >> the u.s. and the saudis formed a company to share the profits. the arab american oil company, aramco. at the same time, america was having big oil problems at home. world war ii had severely depleted domestic supplies. >> a fresh warning that our known oil reserves will be exhausted in ten years. >> so it was probably no accident that in 1945, president franklin roosevelt invited king saud to a meeting in the middle of the suez canal. >> an american destroyer brings ibn saud, king of the 5 million people of saudi arabia, to a conference with president roosevelt -- >> the two leaders hit it off. it was that friendship that cemented the saudi/american oil venture. as it grew, american oil executives built an efficient, well-run little america inside saudi arabia. >> slowly, painfully, they reared a modern community in the desert beside the persian gulf. complete with air conditioned houses, two hospitals, and an outdoor movie theater -- >> all of it, though, was behind walls. because it represented a culture completely alien to the strict islamic practices of the saudis. >> always popular with the employees is the freshwater swimming pool where they can cool off after a round of golf, or a set of tennis. >> the saudi/american alliance grew stronger through the years. but there was always one sticking point. america's support for israel. that difference turned into a crisis in the 1970s. >> since first light this morning -- >> during the yom kippur war, the saudis protested american aid to israel and then led an oil embargo against america. >> they will reduce oil production by 5% a month until the israelis withdraw from occupied territories. >> it plunged the united states into a recession. people had to wait for hours to fill their tanks and pay sky-high prices for gas. it was the first major crisis between the two countries. now, as we face another one, the today that crisis has been resolved. saudi arabia and israel are beginning to look like pals. joined together by a common enemy, iran. the new geo politics of the middle east has brought the monarchies of the gulf together with israel. >> thank you, my friends. >> many have even recognized israel. saudi arabia might actual follow suit, which would be a seismic event. the land of the two holy mosques finally accepting the reality of the jewish state in its neighborhood. three times the electorlytes and half the sugar. ♪ pedialyte powder packs. feel better fast. if your moderate to severe crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis symptoms 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(excited yell) woo-hoo! ensure max protein. with thirty grams of protein, one gram of sugar, and nutrients to support immune health. the king of saudi arabia is 86 years old. it might sometimes seem that the saudi king is always quite old. >> everybody who governed that country was aged and uncharismatic. >> you see, succession in the kingdom has followed a venerable pattern. by some estimates, the modern founder of the kingdom had 45 sons. when the one died, the next-oldest brother took his place. but five years ago, king salman shook up this established ritual. after an interim choice, he installed as crown prince his then 31-year-old son. >> saudi arabia has a new heir to the throne. >> a royal shakeup in the house of saud. >> mohammad bin salman, mbs, was an obscure young royal known to almost no one outside saudi arabia. now he is poised to succeed his ailing father and rule the kingdom for half a century if his health and the monarchy hold out. >> this is somebody with a great deal of ambition and who has the complete support and faith of his father. >> when mbs rocketed to power, he began to shake things up almost right away. the old saudi system seemed ancient. with senior royals running ministries like earls and dukes. mbs put an end to that, replacing princes with people loyal to him and amassing power personally. we've talked about his dramatic social reforms. >> a royal decree has been issued giving women the right to drive. >> and we've talked about his harsh treatment of some of those who advocated for those reforms. >> rights groups say women activists have been subjected to torture and assault in saudi jails. >> but even as saudi human rights abuses continue, mbs is making vital changes to a once backward kingdom. >> if mohammad bin salman the reformer didn't exist, the saudi system would have had to invent him. oil is running out. their population is going up. there is no time to waste. >> while skyrocketing oil prices drive saudi arabia's fastest growth in a decade, the prince is forging economic reforms that expand the country's reach beyond oil. >> what the saudis really want to do is liberate themselves from dependence on oil. and have a kind of productive industrialized economy like the kcountries of the developed wes. >> its population is rapidly growing. >> in order to get wealthy, they just had to drill the ground instead of drilling and unlocking their people. and their energy entrepreneurship and creativity. >> the crown prince wants to get more saudis to work and in the private sector especially women. >> women in saudi arabia are hungry. they want opportunity to do something. >> his plan is called vision 2030. >> they're looking at other ways to diversify their economy. one of the natural ones, of course, is tourism. >> just endless potential. >> the plan's crown jewel is a $500 billion entertainment city in the desert, neom. it all seemed to be moving forward -- but then came the murder of jamal khashoggi. mbs lost some of his key foreign investors. >> richard branson said he would freeze ties with the saudi kingdom -- >> now, a few years later, the majority of foreign businesses seem to have moved on. they're running to saudi arabia with open arms. >> mbs should be doing time. >> and while the u.s. remains angry, at home support for mbs particularly among young people is surging. one more factor that may keep mbs in power is nationalism. >> people would have a sense of belonging to the state because they are saudis, not because they are wahhabis or because they have a particular way of understanding islam. >> before mbs, saudi foreign policy had been quiet, even docile. the crown prince put it in overdrive, directed against an arch enemy, iran. >> you called the ayatollah khomenei the new hitler of the northeast. middle east. >> translator: absolutely. >> mbs launched proxy battles against his shiite. the conflict spiraled into a humanitarian catastrophe. >> outside of kabul international airport, chaos reigns. >> mbs was rewriting the kingdom's foreign policy. >> translator: all that we ask for is to have a good and distinguished relationship with iran. >> a fragile ceasefire halted the fighting in yemen. even more radical, after mbs called the jewish state a potential ally. mohammed bin salman is a young man in a hurry. he has thrown so many balls in the air, foreign policy, domestic reform, economic liberalization -- all within a framework of increasing authoritarianism. >> he is our best hope, the kinds of reforms of the government and the economy and the society that we want and most saudis want. but at the same time he is the greatest impediment right now between washington and riyadh. >> as another energy crisis batters america, as president biden heads to the region, can this balance continue to work? 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(fisher investments) in this market, you'll find fisher investments is different than other money managers. (other money manager) different how? aren't we all just looking for the hottest stocks? (fisher investments) nope. we use diversified strategies to position our client's portfolios for their long-term goals. (other money manager) but you still sell investments that generate high commissions for you, right? (fisher investments) no, we don't sell commission products. we're a fiduciary, obligated to act in our client's best interest. (other money manager) so when do you make more money, only when your clients make more money? (fisher investments) yep. we do better when our clients do better. at fisher investments, we're clearly different. a monster was attacking but the team remained calm. because with miro, they could problem solve together, and find the answer that was right under their nose. or... his nose. what's the #1 retinol brand used most by dermatologists? it's neutrogena® rapid wrinkle repair® smooths the look of fine lines in 1-week, deep wrinkles in 4. so you can kiss wrinkles goodbye! neutrogena® age is just a number. and mine's unlisted. try boost® high protein with 20 grams of protein for muscle health. versus 16 grams in ensure high protein. boost® high protein also has key nutrients for immune support. boost® high protein. there's a reason comcast business powers more businesses than any other provider. actually, there's a few... comcast business offers the fastest, reliable network... the protection of securityedge™ and the most reliable 5g network. want me to keep going? i can... whether your small business is starting or growing, you need comcast business. technology solutions that put you ahead. get a great offer on internet and security, now with more speed and more bandwidth. plus find out how to get up to a $650 prepaid card with a qualifying bundle. let me begin this brief commentary on a personal note. i knew jamal khashoggi. 18 years ago when i traveled to saudi arabia to write a cover story for "newsweek," he was one of the people who briefed me, and then spent some time with me while i was in that country. we have with us jamal khashoggi -- i had a television show on pbs before i got to cnn, and i invited him on there to talk about the future of his country. >> and then next maybe women will be able to drive. >> i'm sure we'll have it also eventually. >> he was well read and thoughtful, a saudi reformer but very much a saudi patriot. i reacted to his death personally, viscerally, with a sense of horror and disgust. but also a great sadness for the loss of a friend. but i've tried to keep in mind some larger factors when thinking about where the united states should go in its overall relationship with saudi arabia. that relationship between washington and riyadh is often presented as a tradeoff between human rights and politics. the truth is more complex. first, washington does not have the power to choose who will rule saudi arabia. the kingdom is a strange country with three distinct features -- tribes, religion, and oil. all interacting in complex ways. the ruling family has been able to maintain power for so long because it has managed and manipulated this system effectively. and if mohammad bin salman was somehow toppled, the most likely outcome is the return of more conservative traditional elements to saudi government. there are very few jeffersonian democrats out there in the kingdom. the fact remains that mbs has done more reform in saudi arabia in the past few years than took place in the previous several decades. saudi arabia today is a different country. and yet it is also true mbs punishes dissent, sometimes savagely. his pursuit of foreign policy at times is wreckless and the conflict that is causing so much turmoil in the middle east. the biden administration needs help lowering the price of oil, and so now it comes to a saudi arabia that is rich and embolden. in reality the two countries should find a broader way to effect reconciliation. that means ending the war year in yemen, creating a better working relationship between iran and saudi arabia and, finally, integrating israel into the region fully. the oil rich states will be flush with money for years to come as energy prices are likely to stay high. the challenge will be to put this money to good use and actually modernize the region. not just by buying fancy western goods but by investing to create a middle east that is once again one of the centers of knowledge, learning and culture in the world. if washington can convince bin salman the best way to redeem his reputation is to demonstrate his ability to truly transform, something good can come out of the murder of jamal. it will never justify it, nothing can, but it might ensure that my friend did not die in vain. thank you for watching. i'm brian stelter live in new york and this is "reliable sources." we figure out what's reliable. this weekend devoted to independence a pioneering newsroom in the philippines is fighting for its freedom. nobel winning journalist will join me live on her battle to keep her news outlet running plus brand-new remarks today from congresswoman liz chainy in the wake of cassidy hutchinson testimony. and later
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