weather on our rail tracks looks like. it all adds up to destruction, including four train passengers. it does not work rail who monitor railtrack up and down the country for anything that could make it unsafe to run.— for anything that could make it unsafe to run. , _ , ., unsafe to run. every system that you are looking — unsafe to run. every system that you are looking at _ unsafe to run. every system that you are looking at is _ unsafe to run. every system that you are looking at is affected _ unsafe to run. every system that you are looking at is affected in - unsafe to run. every system that you are looking at is affected in some - are looking at is affected in some way by the weather. you will see the signalling equipment, taking temperatures to make sure it doesn't trip out. you see the overhead power lines and if the wires sag it will catch the pantograph.- lines and if the wires sag it will catch the pantograph. when the r0 als aet catch the pantograph. when the royals get too _ catch the pantograph. when the royals get too hot, _ catch the pantograph. when the royals get too hot, the - catch the pantograph. when the royals get too hot, the metal. catch the pantograph. when the i royals get too hot, the metal can work but its engineer to cope with normal temperature range. last years heatwaves tested resilience. we normaltemperature range. last years heatwaves tested resilience.— heatwaves tested resilience. we are sendin: heatwaves tested resilience. we are spending more _ heatwaves tested resilience. we are spending more money _ heatwaves tested resilience. we are spending more money than - heatwaves tested resilience. we are spending more money than ever- heatwaves tested resilience. we are i spending more money than ever before but every year we see extremes of weather. we break records on heat, rain, wind. we are really racing to catch up. rain, wind. we are really racing to catch u. ., ~' rain, wind. we are really racing to catch u. ., ~ ., rain, wind. we are really racing to catchu. ., ~ ., rain, wind. we are really racing to catchu. m ., catch up. network rail says it has done more _ catch up. network rail says it has done more preparation _ catch up. network rail says it has done more preparation than - catch up. network rail says it has done more preparation than ever| catch up. network rail says it has i done more preparation than ever for done more preparation than everfor the summer and new technology is helping. from this control centre in wales, stock and keep an eye out for overheating rails or flooding. wales, stock and keep an eye out for overheating rails orflooding. eome overheating rails or flooding. some onus on the — overheating rails or flooding. some onus on the dash _ overheating rails or flooding. some onus on the dash today _ overheating rails or flooding. some onus on the dash today can - overheating rails or flooding. some onus on the dash today can see - onus on the dash today can see temperatures relayed from the site, by a small box we have attached to the track that gives us a feed on the track that gives us a feed on the temperatures as they happen. maintenance staff can then go to look closer or send outjones as an option. look closer or send out jones as an 0 tion. �* , . look closer or send out jones as an otion, �*, ., ., ., look closer or send out jones as an otion. �*, ., ., ., , . ., option. it's all around predict and revent option. it's all around predict and prevent and _ option. it's all around predict and prevent and how _ option. it's all around predict and prevent and how we _ option. it's all around predict and prevent and how we stop - option. it's all around predict and i prevent and how we stop something from becoming a major incident. what from becoming a ma'or incident. what about the main — from becoming a major incident. what about the main roads? the _ from becoming a major incident. what about the main roads? the drainage i about the main roads? the drainage will be integrated _ about the main roads? the drainage will be integrated within _ about the main roads? the drainage will be integrated within the - about the main roads? the drainage will be integrated within the safety i will be integrated within the safety barrier. ., will be integrated within the safety barrier. . . ., ., , will be integrated within the safety barrier. . . ., barrier. climate change has forced the organisation _ barrier. climate change has forced the organisation which _ barrier. climate change has forced the organisation which looks - barrier. climate change has forced the organisation which looks after| the organisation which looks after them to adapt. we the organisation which looks after them to adapt-— the organisation which looks after them to adapt. we are noticing the effect of stream _ them to adapt. we are noticing the effect of stream day _ them to adapt. we are noticing the effect of stream day extreme - them to adapt. we are noticing the effect of stream day extreme heat| them to adapt. we are noticing the i effect of stream day extreme heat on the network, we had incidents when pockets _ the network, we had incidents when pockets on — the network, we had incidents when pockets on the roots of that —— softened — pockets on the roots of that —— softened and melted and we have noticed _ softened and melted and we have noticed an increase in surface water flooding _ noticed an increase in surface water flooding. we have introduced more resilient _ flooding. we have introduced more resilient road surfaces which means as we _ resilient road surfaces which means as we experience greater heat they will not _ as we experience greater heat they will not melt or rot or potentially fracture — will not melt or rot or potentially fracture. we have introduced new drainage — fracture. we have introduced new drainage standards which are in line with future — drainage standards which are in line with future climate projections. weather — with future climate projections. weather extremes also add to every driver �*s nemesis, potholes, a headache for cash—strapped council is trying to keep local roads and shape. the government infrastructure adviser says society needs to think about how much we are prepared to invest in showing up the networks. we get the infrastructure we are prepared to pay for, we need to choose how we spend the money and be either accept disruption or frequent disruption or the engineer and design to limit that. but in doing that, we are likely to increase the allocation of funds we must put into maintenance and renewal.- maintenance and renewal. keeping --eole on maintenance and renewal. keeping people on the _ maintenance and renewal. keeping people on the move, _ maintenance and renewal. keeping people on the move, whatever- maintenance and renewal. keeping people on the move, whatever the| people on the move, whatever the weather is a bigger challenge than it has ever been. the sharp eyed amongst you will notice that was not katie talking about scanners but we will bring that report later! let's take your life to what is happening in brussels. there is the nato 75th anniversary celebration and gcjens stoltenberg and the ukrainian foreign minister speaking their as part of the anniversary celebrations to mark the 75th anniversary of the signing of the north atlantic treaties so let's listen in. i signing of the north atlantic treaties so let's listen in. i came here against _ treaties so let's listen in. i came here against the _ treaties so let's listen in. i came here against the backdrop - treaties so let's listen in. i came here against the backdrop of- here against the backdrop of continued missile attacks of russia against _ continued missile attacks of russia against ukraine. just tonight the city of— against ukraine. just tonight the city of kharkiv was hit with thousands ofjones. and thousands of jones. and unfortunately thousands ofjones. and unfortunately russia systemically destroys — unfortunately russia systemically destroys the ukrainian economy. killing _ destroys the ukrainian economy. killing ukrainians and it fits the russian — killing ukrainians and it fits the russian strategy to eliminate ukraine — russian strategy to eliminate ukraine from the map. sol russian strategy to eliminate ukraine from the map. so i do not want _ ukraine from the map. so i do not want to— ukraine from the map. so i do not want to spoil the party, the birthday— want to spoil the party, the birthday party but my main message today— birthday party but my main message today will— birthday party but my main message today will be serving ukrainian lives, — today will be serving ukrainian lives, the _ today will be serving ukrainian lives, the economy, the cities depends— lives, the economy, the cities depends on the availability of air defence — depends on the availability of air defence systems in ukraine and we are talking — defence systems in ukraine and we are talking about a system that can intercept _ are talking about a system that can intercept ballistic missiles and in march, _ intercept ballistic missiles and in march, ukraine was hit with 94 ballistic— march, ukraine was hit with 94 ballistic missiles but providing patriot — ballistic missiles but providing patriot missiles depends on the elements and that is my main focus today, _ elements and that is my main focus today, i— elements and that is my main focus today, i am — elements and that is my main focus today, i am looking forward to discussions with our allies. thank you _ discussions with our allies. thank ou. ., ., , discussions with our allies. thank ou. . ~ ., ., discussions with our allies. thank ou. . «a, ., ., you. that was the ukrainian foreign minister speaking _ you. that was the ukrainian foreign minister speaking at _ you. that was the ukrainian foreign minister speaking at the _ you. that was the ukrainian foreign | minister speaking at the anniversary celebrations of nato taking place in brussels. let's get more on this, foreign ministers from nato gathering in brussels to mark the 75th anniversary, nato started with 12 members and now has 32 with the newest members finland and sweden so we can speak to the foreign minister of finland joining me from brussels. thank you so much forjoining us. you are amongst the newest members of nato so what difference do you feel this has made to finland? it has made a tremendous difference. we did not really feel any immediate military threat which we would have been facing but now that we are in the alliance, the family, we belong to and especially with sweden becoming a member we feel although art membership has become complete, also we look forward to contributing to the overall strength of the alliance and the prevalence of the values that we stand for. taste alliance and the prevalence of the values that we stand for.- values that we stand for. we 'ust heard before �* values that we stand for. we 'ust heard before speaking * values that we stand for. we 'ust heard before speaking to i values that we stand for. we 'ust heard before speaking to theh heard before speaking to the ukrainian foreign minister talking about the need for more aid, and of course that is a huge subject on the agenda today, what is the view off and land on the required aid for ukraine to fend off russian aggression? taste ukraine to fend off russian aggression?— ukraine to fend off russian an aression? ~ , . ., aggression? we very much agree with our colleague — aggression? we very much agree with our colleague that _ aggression? we very much agree with our colleague that the _ aggression? we very much agree with our colleague that the need _ aggression? we very much agree with our colleague that the need for - aggression? we very much agree with our colleague that the need for aid i our colleague that the need for aid is imminent. it is needed in the short and medium and also long—term commitments now that nato is looking to institutionalise some of the coordination and the aid we are providing towards ukraine. finland for its part has been one of the largest donors relative to gdp and yesterday we announced our 23rd package of aid, bringing the eight total to zero point to 4% of gdp and we published a long—term security commitment to ukraine. we try to of course, lead by example and encourage all our friends to do the same because we feel very strongly that ukraine is really fighting not only for their freedom but that of all of us. , , ., ,~' all of us. the minister, i must ask ou all of us. the minister, i must ask you about — all of us. the minister, i must ask you about the _ all of us. the minister, i must ask you about the affordability - all of us. the minister, i must ask| you about the affordability because you about the affordability because you know there has been reluctance are issues with trying to get a package of aid agreed with ukraine for example in the united states as countries are feeling the pinch economically so do you feel it would be as affordable for other nations to commit that much? first be as affordable for other nations to commit that much?— to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper _ to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper to — to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper to pay _ to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper to pay now— to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper to pay now than - to commit that much? first of all it's cheaper to pay now than say. to commit that much? first of all| it's cheaper to pay now than say it later when things have gotten even worse. we see that russia unfortunately will be posing a long—term strategic threat to the euro atlantic alliance and therefore the threat is not going away if we just ignore it as it manifests itself now in ukraine. and the second thing is of course that there is no pricetag forfreedom. we should realise that if we cannot count on those values which we perhaps have taken for granted for too long, then we don't have much left. i think it's very important that we politicians talk to our people and explain why it's so important we keep assisting ukraine. briefly, david cameron, the uk foreign secretary has ruled out western blots on the ground in ukraine but what is the approach of the land? we ukraine but what is the approach of the land? ~ ., ukraine but what is the approach of the land? . . ., ., ., the land? we are also rolling out western boots _ the land? we are also rolling out western boots on _ the land? we are also rolling out western boots on the _ the land? we are also rolling out western boots on the ground - the land? we are also rolling outj western boots on the ground and the land? we are also rolling out. western boots on the ground and in the long term, we should not be ruling anything out. we will be happy to discuss all elements but at this stage what is most needed is definitely short—term eight, ammunition especially, sending that over to ukraine and also committing medium and long term, at least if countries are not sending military material they can send euros or dollars or pounds which will be made to good use in ukraine.— to good use in ukraine. foreign minister of— to good use in ukraine. foreign minister of finland, _ to good use in ukraine. foreign minister of finland, thank - to good use in ukraine. foreign minister of finland, thank you i to good use in ukraine. foreign. minister of finland, thank you so much for your time. blood tests for dementia will be offered at more than 50 memory clinics across the uk. a five—year trial will aim of finding out whether the tests can spot the early signs. the trials are being run by teams in oxford and london with thousands of volunteers and the plan is to introduce screening for dementia in over 50s. fergus walsh reports. what can our blood tell us about our brain? this small trial in oxford is looking for clues. lucy, like many of the healthy volunteers, has a personalfamily motivation for being involved. the main driver for the dementia was because my mother had dementia, and ijust have very close personal experience of how miserable that is. i mean, she wasn't... fortunately she was relatively old. she was in her 80s when it started, and she died at 97. but her last few years were really mired by the disease. what's your first language? over the next five years, around 5,000 people will take part in research assessing blood tests to see how accurately they can identify various forms of dementia, most notably alzheimer's disease. in alzheimer's disease, rogue proteins can build up in the brain over 20 years before a person shows problems with memory and understanding. the tests will search for biomarkers in the blood, which can identify the early stages of dementia. if a reliable blood test for alzheimer's is eventually approved by the nhs, it would transform diagnosis it would mean that people could be screened for dementia in their 50s, long before symptoms emerge. the studies will aim to include people from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities, so a wide cross—section of society is represented. what's unique about these projects is the fact that we're going to roll them out across multiple centres in the uk to really make them accessible to people who are attending day—to—day in memory clinics. but once we have that data and we understand if these tests are effective, absolutely the next stage could be could they be used for screening in the community and primary care at an earlier age? around a third of patients with dementia never get a formal diagnosis, and only a tiny minority have access to specialist brain scans or spinal lumbar punctures, which are the gold standard tests. new treatments may soon be licensed, which can slow down the progress of alzheimer's, so accurate diagnosis is more important than ever. fergus walsh, bbc news. let's speak to fiona carragher, who's the director of research and influencing at alzheimers society. fiona, thank you forjoining us. you have spent decades working in research but how much of a breakthrough do you believe this testis. ,., ., breakthrough do you believe this testis. ., �* breakthrough do you believe this testis. ., . ., ., testis. good morning. i've worked for 30 years _ testis. good morning. i've worked for 30 years leading _ testis. good morning. i've worked for 30 years leading laboratory i for 30 years leading laboratory testing and i have to say this is a game changer for dementia. what we are hoping to do through this blood biomarker challenges to revolutionise the dementia diagnosis pathway which will make a huge difference for patients right into the future. ,, . difference for patients right into the future. ., ., ., difference for patients right into the future-— difference for patients right into the future. ., ., ., ., ., the future. how far are we from a cure because _ the future. how far are we from a cure because obviously _ the future. how far are we from a cure because obviously this - the future. how far are we from a cure because obviously this is - the future. how far are we from a cure because obviously this is a i cure because obviously this is a huge step in terms of diagnosis but as a cure anywhere within reach? this year will be a defining moment for dementia, the first two drugs that have been shown in trials to slow progression of alzheimer's disease, are starting to go through the regulatory process within the uk. but as you heard in the film earlier, we are a long way from being able to get those drugs into the nhs because what we do not have a surly and accurate diagnosis of disease. about one third of people currently do not get a diagnosis at all and a tiny percentage get the very specialised scans or lumbar punctures that enables them to see whether they are eligible for