Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines induce T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Researchers in the United States have shown that the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are effective at generating T-cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – the agent that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The team found that vaccinated individuals developed robust T-cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that the virus uses to bind to and infect host cells. The researchers – from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston – report that the T-cell response increased significantly from baseline after just one vaccine dose. After a second dose, the response was more potent than in a convalescent cohort.